Accuracy of FreeStyle Libre flash glucose monitoring in patients with type 2 diabetes who migrated from highlands to plains

BACKGROUND The FreeStyle Libre flash glucose monitoring(FGM)system entered the Chinese market in 2017 to complement the self-monitoring of blood glucose.Due to its increased usage in clinics,the number of studies investigating its accuracy has increased.However,its accuracy has not been investigated in highland populations in China.AIM To evaluate measurements recorded using the FreeStyle Libre FGM system compared with capillary blood glucose measured using the enzyme electrode method in patients with type 2 diabetes(T2D)who had migrated within 3 mo from highlands to plains.METHODS Overall,68 patients with T2D,selected from those who had recently migrated from highlands to plains(within 3 mo),were hospitalized at the Department of Endocrinology from August to October 2017 and underwent continuous glucose monitoring(CGM)with the FreeStyle Libre FGM system for 14 d.Throughout the study period,fingertip capillary blood glucose was measured daily using the enzyme electrode method(Super GL,China),and blood glucose levels were read from the scanning probe during fasting and 2 h after all three meals.Moreover,the time interval between reading the data from the scanning probe and collecting fingertip capillary blood was controlled to<5 min.The accuracy of the FGM system was evaluated according to the CGM guidelines.Subsequently,the factors influencing the mean absolute relative difference(MARD)of this system were analyzed by a multiple linear regression method.RESULTS Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that the fingertip and scanned glucose levels were positively correlated(R=0.86,P=0.00).The aggregated MARD of scanned glucose was 14.28±13.40%.Parker's error analysis showed that 99.30%of the data pairs were located in areas A and B.According to the probe wear time of the FreeStyle Libre FGM system,MARD_(1 d) and MARD_(2-14 d) were 16.55%and 14.35%,respectively(t=1.23,P=0.22).Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that MARD did not correlate with blood glucose when the largest amplitude of glycemic excursion(LAGE)was<5.80 mmol/L but negatively correlated with blood glucose when the LAGE was≥5.80 mmol/L.CONCLUSION The FreeStyle Libre FGM system has good accuracy in patients with T2D who had recently migrated from highlands to plains.This system might be ideal for avoiding the effects of high hematocrit on blood glucose monitoring in populations that recently migrated to plains.MARD is mainly influenced by glucose levels and fluctuations,and the accuracy of the system is higher when the blood glucose fluctuation is small.In case of higher blood glucose level fluctuations,deviation in the scanned glucose levels is the highest at extremely low blood glucose levels.

Calibration of CO and CO2 Monitors Used in Periodic Inspection of Vehicles at Fixed Stations for Environmental Control

Global efforts for environmental cleanliness through the control of gaseous emissions from vehicles are gaining momentum and attracting increasing attention. Calibration plays a crucial role in these efforts by ensuring the quantitative assessment of emissions for informed decisions on environmental treatments. This paper describes a method for the calibration of CO/CO2 monitors used for periodic inspections of vehicles in cites. The calibration was performed in the selected ranges: 900 - 12,000 µmol/mol for CO and 2000 - 20,000 µmol/mol for CO2. The traceability of the measurement results to the SI units was ensured by using certified reference materials from CO/N2 and CO2/N2 primary gas mixtures. The method performance was evaluated by assessing its linearity, accuracy, precision, bias, and uncertainty of the calibration results. The calibration data exhibited a strong linear trend with R² values close to 1, indicating an excellent fit between the measured values and the calibration lines. Precision, expressed as relative standard deviation (%RSD), ranged from 0.48 to 4.56% for CO and from 0.97 to 3.53% for CO2, staying well below the 5% threshold for reporting results at a 95% confidence level. Accuracy measured as percent recovery, was consistently high (≥ 99.1%) for CO and ranged from 84.90% to 101.54% across the calibration range for CO2. In addition, the method exhibited minimal bias for both CO and CO2 calibrations and thus provided a reliable and accurate approach for calibrating CO/CO2 monitors used in vehicle inspections. Thus, it ensures the effectiveness of exhaust emission control for better environment.

Optical Surface Monitoring系统跟踪运动靶区的位置精度和剂量精度验证

目的:评估Optical Surface Monitoring System(OSMS)测量靶区运动的几何精度和使用OSMS跟踪运动靶区放疗时的剂量精度。方法:①分别使用OSMS与锥形束CT监测腹部模体的位置,通过移动治疗床使模体产生位移和旋转,对比二者对模体位置的测量结果;②用呼吸运动平台搭载MatriXX二维电离室阵列,测量不同跟踪阈值时模体内相对剂量,分别与计划剂量分布对比,分析不同跟踪阈值时计划验证的gamma通过率。结果:OSMS和锥形束CT系统对模体平移和旋转预设偏移的测量结果差异很小,使用OSMS门控技术时OSMS的阈值越小gamma通过率越高,相对剂量分布与计划剂量的一致性也越好。结论:OSMS系统对模体表面位置监测精度高,可以应用到实际放射治疗的辅助摆位。使用OSMS门控技术跟踪运动靶区可以提高靶区的剂量精度,而且对患者不附加任何电离辐射,适合应用于分次间的辅助摆位和分次内的靶区跟踪。

Hepatitis C virus core antigen testing: Role in diagnosis, disease monitoring and treatment

While hepatitis B virus(HBV)screening relies on hepatitis B surface antigen to confirm HBV infection since the early days of hepatitis B disease management,hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection screening is based on anti-HCV testing which does not discriminate active from past infection.Thus to confirm infection HCV RNA testing has been required;recently a HCV core antigen assay became widely commercially available which could serve to confirm infection.That assay is less sensitive than current HCV RNA assays,but as more than 50%of anti-HCV positive persons will be HCV core antigen positive,HCV core antigen testing can be a cost effective and reflex test to confirm HCV infection in anti-HCV positive individuals and will be easier as it can be applied on the same platform.For treatment monitoring,more data need to be generated,but the early data available at present suggest that HCV core antigen may be an alternative to HCV RNA monitoring.With direct antivirals,HCV core antigen could even be superior to HCV RNA testing,as direct antivirals might already prevent virus formation when HCV core antigen is still produced and thereby correlates better with eventual viral clearance.

Study on the Monitoring Malfunction of Water Pollution during Drought or Flood Period and Low-carbon and High-value Methodology--A Case Study of the Correlation Test of Water,Soil and Gas Pollution in Xiangxiang County

Based on the low-carbon and high-value methodology of chemical ecology and chemical informatics,combining theory and methods,taking saving,environmental protection,low carbon,high production,high value and circulation as values and aims,the relationship between human and land as a basis,ecosystem as a center,overall control as a goal and agricultural ecological engineering as a mean,environmental pollution detection,as one of bottlenecks for agricultural products and food security,should be solved firstly;through the field survey in dry years from 2009 to 2010 when drought and flood were frequent and the frequency of drought was higher than that of flood,plus the determination of surface water flow and water quantity in a small typical river basin,the correlation of local water,soil and gas in the county could be found,and the transfer of monitoring focus from water environment to atmospheric environment was possible and necessary.The study would promote the quantitative research on the correlation among water,soil and gas,and the results were in accordance with the conclusions of related studies.

A Non-Asymptotic Confidence Region with a Fixed Size for a Scalar Function Value: Applications in C-OTDR Monitoring Systems

In this paper we will investigate some non-asymptotic properties of the modified least squares estimates for the non-linear function f(λ*) by observations that nonlinearly depend on the parameter λ*. Non-asymptotic confidence regions with fixed sizes for the modified least squares estimate are used. The obtained confidence region is valid for a finite number of data points when the distributions of the observations are unknown. Asymptotically the suggested estimates represent usual estimates of the least squares. The paper presents the results of practical applications of the proposed method in C-OTDR monitoring systems.

基于预知维修的小麦播种机运行监控系统设计

为了减少播种机故障频率,提升小麦播种机的播种效率和播种质量,基于预知维修对小麦播种机的运行监控系统进行了设计。系统的主要组成包括主控单片机、检测系统、显示监控系统、报警系统及电源。为了对播种机进行预知维修,将灰色模型和神经网络模型结合,建立了动态灰色神经网络模型,并进行了算法设计。为了验证小麦播种机监控系统性能和预知维修算法的有效性,对其进行了监测精度和趋势预测试验,结果表明:监测系统的监测精度较高,播种机可有效对数据趋势进行预测。

基于累加式实时串并联变换算法的机械故障声学监测方法

针对基于物联网(IoT)的冲压机床故障监测问题,为了降低冲压机床故障监测的计算复杂度,并提高其低频识别的精度,提出了一种无需机器学习技术的实时性机械故障声学监测方法,即基于累加式实时串并联变换算法的机械故障声学监测方法。首先,研究了物联网场景中冲压机床声学低频分析的必要性,并给出了声学信号的表达式;然后,针对频率轴上多个周期信号重叠导致参数估计较为困难的问题,提出了一种累加式实时串并联变换算法,将输入的采样序列馈入多个具有不同输出端口的串并转换器,从累加的波形中检测出最大绝对值,并进行了比较;最后,通过样本时隙划分,将累加式实时串并联变换算法应用于机械故障监测;通过仿真和冲压机床实机测试,对累加式实时串并联变换算法和实时性机械故障声学监测方法的有效性进行了验证。研究结果表明:在无需大量信号样本的情况下,使用累加式实时串并联变换算法有利于提高低频带的识别精度;在直方图相关性方面,累加式实时串并联变换算法和Morlet小波变换具有相同的性能,且均明显优于短时傅立叶变换;同时,尽管累加式实时串并联变换算法需要的加法总数比Morlet小波变换多2.5倍,但是乘法总数减少了20447%,大幅减少了计算的复杂度。

电力电缆局放在线监测神经网络自动识别精度的提升方法

为了尽可能降低电缆线路局放在线监测系统装置运行中对局放信号识别的误判误报的可能性,对局放的判读机理和识别精度进行了改进和提升。基于现场运行系统回收的数万个疑似电缆内部局放的告警记录数据进行了分析分类,对判别程序中沿用的局放自动逻辑判别程序追加了相间信号相关性过滤程序,对既有的神经网络在构造上作了优选优化,对神经网络学习数据的前置处理进行了改进。对改进提升后的局放判别程序采用了包括现场记录,模拟信号发生器和人工局放模型加电压实验的3种局放数据进行检验。结果表明,改进提升后的局放判别程序不但能够使现场的非局放告警数据的告警率降低到5%的期待水平,同时也提高了识别人工模拟产生的各种类型局放信号的准确性,大大降低了局放在线监测系统误判误报的可能性。

多功能便携式水库水质智能移动监测系统设计与实现

为了提高水库水质监测效率和精度,基于物联网、传感器和移动平台技术,构建了一种多功能水库水质智能移动监测系统。系统由ZigBee无线网络、Android智能移动平台、各类型传感器和上位机四部分组成。不仅具有良好的人机交互体验功能,还具有便携性和可移植性,同时可大大降低系统开发成本,能够实现对水温、pH、电导率、水位等多个参数的同时在线实时监测、数据传输、数据分析、阈值设置和报警功能。系统对水温、pH和电导率的平均监测误差分别为3.8%、1.6%和2.7%,均小于5%,精度较高,可在水库常规水质监测中予以应用。

基于特征模式识别的农田监控系统研究

针对农田监控系统中存在的识别准确度不高、数据处理效率低等问题,提出了一种基于特征模式识别的农田监控系统。对农田监控系统的功能进行了设计,包括系统整体架构设计、数据采集与传输模块设计、特征提取与模式识别算法设计,结合用户界面设计实验与结果分析,验证了所提出系统的有效性和性能优势。对农田监控系统在实际农业生产中的应用前景进行了展望,并提出了未来改进方向和研究趋势。

多路径误差对BDS-3变形监测精度的影响

为定量分析BDS-3观测值多路径误差对变形监测精度的影响,选取包含7个站点的某水利工程2022年共128 d的BDS-3监测数据,对监测站点周围树木裁剪树枝前后BDS-3观测值多路径误差、变形监测精度及二者的相关性进行研究。结果表明:1)多路径误差与BDS-3变形监测精度间存在强相关性,与其平面和高程精度的相关系数分别大于0.93和0.81;2)监测站点周围树枝裁剪后,使用B1I和B3I观测值的平均多路径误差从0.676 m、0.426 m降低至0.329 m、0.230 m,N、E、U方向的平均监测精度分别达0.9 mm、0.8 mm、1.7 mm和1.1 mm、1.0 mm、2.2 mm,较裁剪树枝前分别提高63%、69%、58%和52%、61%、48%;3)改变周围观测环境削弱多路径误差的影响后,使用B1I观测值的精度优于使用B3I观测值的精度,因此在BDS-3短基线变形监测的应用中推荐使用B1I观测值。

热连轧机刚度综合评价系统的开发

轧机刚度是热连轧机提高设备管理水平和产品质量的核心内容,轧机刚度技术的应用是稳定生产,提高热轧极限产品生产能力的重要手段。结合轧机刚度的组成部分和影响因素,开发了轧机刚度在线评分系统和监控管理系统,建立了在线评价和实时监控体系。实现了刚度信息化、数字化控制,使得轧机刚度水平和轧制稳定性得到大幅提升。

农作物灌溉系统的智能物联监控平台应用

为进一步实现农作物灌溉系统的精准作业目标,提高自动灌溉作业的综合水平,以物联网技术为支撑,针对灌溉系统的监控效能展开应用探究。以系统的组成及作业原理为基点,融入智能物联感知技术,建立物联监控模型,匹配适应性的监控平台架构,并展开基于智能物联监控平台应用的灌溉作业试验。结果表明:设计的监控系统数据丢包率小于3.00%,系统决策准确率与网络覆盖率分别相对提升了8.72%和8.60%,且整体灌溉区域的土壤湿度合格率与灌溉均匀度也得到了同步改善,具有良好的实施性与优越性,对于农机灌溉设备的智慧转型具有重要的推广价值。

基于无人机三维重建的地表沉降监测技术

为解决传统依靠野外实测的监测方法周期长、成本高、常出现测量盲区的问题,本文提出了一种基于无人机三维重建的地表沉降监测方法,着重分析了影响无人机三维重建精度的内外因素,并从差分GPS技术引入、构架航线设计以及顾及系统误差补偿的光束法平差方法三方面对地表模型的生产精度加以改进,而后,利用三维重建模型实施地表沉降监测。实验结果表明,本文无人机三维重建方法所生产的地表模型精度较高,并能较好地应用于地表沉降监测当中,有效提升了工程效益。

GNSS露天矿监测中观测距离、时间与精度的建模分析

GNSS在线监测具有全天候监测的技术优势,已被广泛应用于露天矿边坡监测。其观测精度受观测时长及监测站至基准站距离的制约,建立观测时长、监测站至基准站距离与观测精度的回归模型能有效确定合理观测时长。本文以鞍钢露天矿GNSS在线监测数据为数据源,分析了不同观测距离、时长对精度的影响规律,利用多元非线性回归方法建立了精度与距离、时长的三因素回归模型。其中,精度拟合模型在N、E、U方向的三因素相关性分别为0.97、0.96、0.97,检验模型精度分别为0.33 mm、0.30 mm、0.17 mm;时间拟合模型在N、E、U方向的三因素相关性分别为0.96、0.93、0.93,检验模型精度分别为0.14 h、0.06 h、0.08 h。研究结果表明,该方法能以精度和距离为约束条件,为基于GNSS露天矿边坡在线监测预警观测时长的确定提供依据。

棉花播种监测系统设计与试验

针对新疆地区棉田在播种过程中,因穴播器取种、排种不畅产生的棉种漏播问题,设计了一种准确监测穴播器取种状态的监测系统。系统选用STM32单片机作为主控制器,激光对射型传感器和霍尔传感器作为监测元件,获取穴播器的取种信息,计算出播种总数和空穴率并传输到人机交互显示屏上,同时通过GPRS通信模块将播种数据实时上传到远程服务器。搭建棉花取种信息监测试验台,并通过田间试验验证系统的稳定性和精度。台架试验结果表明,在穴播器转速为30~45 r·min^(-1)时,合格穴数的监测精度不低于98.09%,空穴数的监测精度不低于95.69%,监测系统的精度完全满足工作需求。田间试验结果表明,在拖拉机行驶速度为2.5~3.8 km·h^(-1)时,合格穴数的监测精度最低为95.06%,相比台架试验下降了3.03百分点;空穴数的监测精度最低为91.89%,相比台架试验下降了3.80百分点。将系统监测和人工监测的样本数据进行F检验,系统监测与人工实测的合格穴数和空穴数的F值0.975(7.15),P0.05值>0.05,表明系统监测的数据与人工监测的数据无显著性差异。该监测系统在田间作业过程中有较高的稳定性和精度,能够满足棉花精量播种的取种状态监测要求,对棉花的增产增收具有重要意义。

环境监测数据的数值修约规则探讨

数值修约问题看似简单,实则行之不易。由于目前并没有一种统一的数值修约方式可以处理实际工作中遇到的各种类型的数据,这就导致环境监测报告及科研论文中普遍存在着分析数据数值修约不规范的问题。分析阐明了数值修约的内涵:一是修,是保留几位的问题;二是约,是如何舍入的问题。在此基础上,提出了数值修约的两条原则:准确性和保守性。最后,总结了环境监测常用数据的数值修约规则。

高精度铂电阻传感器监测装置的研制

针对工程现场Pt100铂电阻测温系统存在设计成本高、测量准确性差以及易受现场复杂电磁环境干扰等问题,研制了一种集Pt100铂电阻传感器信号采集、处理、传输于一体的数据监测装置,包括信号处理模块、模数转换模块、主控模块和通讯模块。通过分立元器件搭建信号处理电路,将Pt100铂电阻传感器输出信号转换为基准电压信号,输入到模数转换模块,主控模块通过并行接口读取模数转换模块发送的数据,并通过通讯模块完成数据传输。同时通过对被测信号建模与仿真分析,设计了一种高精度信号补偿算法,通过对被测信号全量程滤波、标定与修正,降低了环境工况对温度测量的影响。试验表明,装置具备铂电阻温度实时监测功能,且准确性高、设计成本低,可替代工程现场温度采集设备,实现规模化应用。

基于GRACE重力卫星与SPEI的云南干旱监测

针对云南省干旱多发、旱灾严重的特点,选取1981年1月-2020年6月长时间序列的历史时期典型水文干旱年及干旱事件,探索GRACE卫星反演数据在监测云南地区干旱方面的适用性,旨在提出解决无资料或少资料地区干旱监测困难的新方法。研究基于GRACE重力卫星数据反演得到云南省滇中、滇东北、滇东南、滇西南、滇西北5个分区月均储水量变化量,计算各分区的旱涝指标-相对储水量指数,利用相对储水量指数对云南省各分区干旱情况进行分析,并从月时间尺度上对比了相对储水量指数和标准降水蒸散指数SPEI3的干旱分析结论。研究结果表明:基于GRACE重力卫星数据反演构建的相对储水量指数在典型水文干旱年内的监测结果与实际干旱情况基本一致,其在滇中地区的适用性最佳,对于春季干旱的监测精度优于其他季节,反演数据能够一定程度上反映云南省不同地区、不同季节干旱程度;利用SPEI3对云南全省以及不同分区的旱情进行监测,结果与统计年鉴记载干旱事件较为吻合,其在滇东南地区的监测精度优于其他分区,在夏、冬两季精度优于春季;GRACE和SPEI3都较好地捕捉到了历史时期的典型干旱年及干旱事件,在选取的24场典型干旱事件中各分区的最高吻合率均达到了15/24;总体上两种指数在各分区漏报率均维持在较低水平,最高不超过1/3,其中SPEI3相较于GRACE更不易出现漏报的情况,其最低漏报率仅为1/8,两种指数在全省及各分区的旱情监测方面均表现出较好的适用性。