The prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）has been increasing throughout the world over the past 20 years.Environmental chemicals known to regulate the endocrine system have been considered as a ri...The prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）has been increasing throughout the world over the past 20 years.Environmental chemicals known to regulate the endocrine system have been considered as a risk factor for the development of metabolic diseases.Several people are exposed to environmental chemicals during their lives.展开更多
Salinity is one of the major constraints reducing plant growth and yield.Irrigation with poor quality and brackish water to orchards is a major cause of stunted growth and low yield.The salt tolerance mechanism is one...Salinity is one of the major constraints reducing plant growth and yield.Irrigation with poor quality and brackish water to orchards is a major cause of stunted growth and low yield.The salt tolerance mechanism is one of the complicated genomic characters that is very problematic to develop in fruit trees and becomes much more severe at any growth and developmental stage.Osmotic stress and hormonal imbalances are major constraints causing low biomass production.Fruit tree tolerance/sensitivity is chiefly based on the activation of a defense system comprised of super-oxidase dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD)and catalases(CAT),non-enzymatic compounds including ascorbic acid,phenolics,flavonoids,stress indicators[i.e.,hydrogen peroxide(H2O2),lipid peroxidation,malondialdehyde(MDA),reactive oxygen species(ROS)and osmolytes containing proline,glycine-betaine(GB),ascorbates(APX),glutathione peroxidase(GPX)and glutathione reductase(GR)].Tolerant genotypes must have higher antioxidant assays to cope with the adverse effects of salinity stress because their defense system had the potential to scavenge toxic ROS and protect from membrane leakage.Some work is conducted on agronomic and horticultural crops;however,underutilized fruit crops are still neglected and need serious consideration from plant researchers.Minor fruit crops especially Zizyphus had excellent nutritional aspects.The current study provides detailed insights into the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of Zizyphus species to cope with the adverse effects of salinity by improving their plant defense system.The development of salt-tolerant germplasm is a requisite and can be developed by utilization of physiological,biochemical,and molecular mechanisms.Application of different molecular approaches(i.e.,genome mapping,genome editing,genetic transformation,proteomics,transcriptomics,and metabolites)are effective for higher yield by improving tolerance mechanisms.展开更多
The COP9 signalosome(CSN) is a highly conserved multiprotein complex in all eukaryotes and involved in regulation of organism development. In filamentous fungi, several lines of evidence indicate that fungal developme...The COP9 signalosome(CSN) is a highly conserved multiprotein complex in all eukaryotes and involved in regulation of organism development. In filamentous fungi, several lines of evidence indicate that fungal development and secondary metabolism(SM) are mediated by the fifth subunit of CSN, called CsnE. Here we uncover a connection with CsnE and conidial formation as well as SM regulation in the plant endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis fici. A homology search of the P. fici genome with CsnE, involved in sexual development and SM in Aspergillus nidulans, identified PfCsnE. Deletion of PfcsnE resulted in a mutant that stopped conidial production, but the conidia are recovered in a PfcsnE complemented strain. This indicates that PfCsnE is required for the formation of conidia. Secondary metabolite analysis demonstrated that the ΔPfcsnE strain produced more chloroisosulochrin, less ficiolide A production in comparison to wild type(WT). Transcriptome analysis of WT andΔPfcsnE strains indicated that PfcsnE impacts the expression levels of 8.37% of 14,797 annotated genes. Specifically, nine biosynthetic gene clusters(BGCs) were up-regulated and three BGCs were down-regulated by PfCsnE. Our results suggest that PfCsnE plays major roles in SM regulation and conidial development in P. fici.展开更多
文摘The prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）has been increasing throughout the world over the past 20 years.Environmental chemicals known to regulate the endocrine system have been considered as a risk factor for the development of metabolic diseases.Several people are exposed to environmental chemicals during their lives.
文摘Salinity is one of the major constraints reducing plant growth and yield.Irrigation with poor quality and brackish water to orchards is a major cause of stunted growth and low yield.The salt tolerance mechanism is one of the complicated genomic characters that is very problematic to develop in fruit trees and becomes much more severe at any growth and developmental stage.Osmotic stress and hormonal imbalances are major constraints causing low biomass production.Fruit tree tolerance/sensitivity is chiefly based on the activation of a defense system comprised of super-oxidase dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD)and catalases(CAT),non-enzymatic compounds including ascorbic acid,phenolics,flavonoids,stress indicators[i.e.,hydrogen peroxide(H2O2),lipid peroxidation,malondialdehyde(MDA),reactive oxygen species(ROS)and osmolytes containing proline,glycine-betaine(GB),ascorbates(APX),glutathione peroxidase(GPX)and glutathione reductase(GR)].Tolerant genotypes must have higher antioxidant assays to cope with the adverse effects of salinity stress because their defense system had the potential to scavenge toxic ROS and protect from membrane leakage.Some work is conducted on agronomic and horticultural crops;however,underutilized fruit crops are still neglected and need serious consideration from plant researchers.Minor fruit crops especially Zizyphus had excellent nutritional aspects.The current study provides detailed insights into the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of Zizyphus species to cope with the adverse effects of salinity by improving their plant defense system.The development of salt-tolerant germplasm is a requisite and can be developed by utilization of physiological,biochemical,and molecular mechanisms.Application of different molecular approaches(i.e.,genome mapping,genome editing,genetic transformation,proteomics,transcriptomics,and metabolites)are effective for higher yield by improving tolerance mechanisms.
基金Wenbing Yin is a scholar of "the 100 Talents Project" of Chinese Academy of Sciencessupported by the National Key Research and Development Program (2016YFD0400105)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (31670402 and 31400334)Sate Key Laboratory of Mycology Open Project (SKLMKF 2015-1)
文摘The COP9 signalosome(CSN) is a highly conserved multiprotein complex in all eukaryotes and involved in regulation of organism development. In filamentous fungi, several lines of evidence indicate that fungal development and secondary metabolism(SM) are mediated by the fifth subunit of CSN, called CsnE. Here we uncover a connection with CsnE and conidial formation as well as SM regulation in the plant endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis fici. A homology search of the P. fici genome with CsnE, involved in sexual development and SM in Aspergillus nidulans, identified PfCsnE. Deletion of PfcsnE resulted in a mutant that stopped conidial production, but the conidia are recovered in a PfcsnE complemented strain. This indicates that PfCsnE is required for the formation of conidia. Secondary metabolite analysis demonstrated that the ΔPfcsnE strain produced more chloroisosulochrin, less ficiolide A production in comparison to wild type(WT). Transcriptome analysis of WT andΔPfcsnE strains indicated that PfcsnE impacts the expression levels of 8.37% of 14,797 annotated genes. Specifically, nine biosynthetic gene clusters(BGCs) were up-regulated and three BGCs were down-regulated by PfCsnE. Our results suggest that PfCsnE plays major roles in SM regulation and conidial development in P. fici.
