Metal bioaccumulation in plant leaves from an industrious area and the Botanical Garden in Beijing

The concentrations of Fe, Mn, Al, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr, and As were measured in soils and leaves from 21 plant species growing on hills near the Beijing Steel Factory(BSF) and 17 plant species in the Beijing Botanical Garden(BBG). The results showed that soils from BSF were Zn contaminated according to the threshold of natural background of China. There was a metal contamination of the soils by Ni, and Cr in BSF comparing with those in BBG. The comparison between concentrations of metals in leaves from both sites indicated that, in general, accumulation of metals in the leaves of the same species was significantly different between the two sites. Even within the same locality each species accumulation of metals was significantly variable. The study aimed to screen landscape plants for the capacity to clean-up toxic metals in soils, and developed an overall metal accumulation index(MAI) for leaves and then categorized the MAI that can be applied broadly in the selection of species in polluted areas. To do this, the spectrum of MAI values were divided into four classes: strongly accumulated(SA or grade I), moderately accumulated(MA or grade II), intermediately accumulated(IA or grade III), and weakly accumulated(WA or grade IV). The results showed that elemental association between Fe, Al, Ni, and As was generally highly correlated with each other in the sampling sites. This may suggest their common biochemical characteristics. Generally, those species containing strong and moderate accumulation in both sites are considered including Vitex negundo, Broussonetia papyrifera, Ulmus pumila, and Rubia cordifolia. At BSF and other industrial sites with a similar ecosystem, strong and moderate accumulation species include Sophora japonica, Ampelopsis aconitifolia var. glabra, Platycladus orientalis, Wikstroemia chamaedaphne, Cleistogenes squarrosa, Grewia biloba, and in BBG, in addition Setaria viridis, Cotinus coggygria, Lespedeza floribunda, Rhamnus parvifolia, Lespedeza tomentosa.

Contamination and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal in the Sediment of Turag River, Bangladesh: An Index Analysis Approach

Encroachment, disposal of untreated domestic and industrial wastewater and dumping of solid wastes have degraded the overall quality of the river Turag, which is located in Dhaka—the Capital City of Bangladesh. The present study investigated the extent of pollution of sediments of this river and analyzed the regional variability for the concentrations of Cr, Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd—all of concern because of their potential toxicity, using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. As per US EPA sediment quality guideline, metal concentrations ranged between Cd: 0.00 - 0.80, Cr: 32.00 - 75.50, Cu: 46.30 - 60.00, Pb: 28.30 - 36.40, and Zn: 94.60 - 190.10 mg/kg in the Turag river sediments. Cr, Cu, Zn belongs to moderately to highly polluted, Pb and Cd belongs to not polluted for Turag river. The heavy metals contamination in the sediments were also evaluated by applying Index of geo-accumulation (Igeo), contamination factor (Cf), pollution load index (PLI) etc. Toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP) test (US EPA 1311) for sediment samples have been performed also for metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn) to determine the readily toxicity level of heavy metals. Sieve analysis of sediment performed in this study to determine the physical characteristic of sediment samples. The metal concentrations are well below the regulated level as per US EPA. This index can be complemented with the contamination index, which allows more site-specific and accurate information on contaminant levels. If the aim of work on contamination evaluation is to assess the overall contamination of a study area, the indices are highly appropriate.

Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Sea Bed Sediment of the Bight of Bonny, Southern Atlantic Coast of Nigeria Using Index Model Analysis

The heavy metal contamination status of Bight of Bonny sea bed sediment was investigated. Sediment samples were collected from eleven locations grouped into three stations. The samples were analyzed to determine the heavy metals (Fe, Pb, Ni, Zn, Mn, Co, Cd, Cu, Cr) concentration using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Index model analyses, such as geo-accumulation index (I-geo), Enrichment factor (EF), and Pollution load index (PLI) were used for pollution assessment of sea bed sediment. The most predominant heavy metals in the upstream sediment were Fe;13.57 ± 1.838 mg/kg, cobalt;7.987 ± 3.550 mg/kg, and Ni;1.020 ± 0.802 mg/kg, midstream sediment were Fe;8.554 ± 3.010 mg/kg, Co;8.520 ± 4.00 mg/kg, and Ni;1.140 ± 0.879 mg/kg, while the downstream sediment result had Fe;11.12 ± 3.825 mg/kg, Co;7.275 ± 1.700 mg/kg, and Cd;1.025 ± 0.159 /kg. The I-geo results indicate that Cu, Mn, Pb, Cr, Fe, Zn, Ni, and Co were in their background concentrations while Cd had I-geo > 3 which implies a moderately or heavily polluted environment. The EF indicates metal enrichment from anthropogenic sources for Co, Ni, Pb, Cd, Cu, and Cr while Fe and Mn predicate biogenic origin. The PLI of the heavy metals in the three sample stations of sea bed sediment was found to be generally low (<1). The Enrichment Factor and geo-accumulation index strongly suggest the Bight of Bonny sea bed sediment contamination by Cd from anthropogenic sources.

Contamination and Potential Risks of Heavy Metals in the Sediments of the Chari and Logon Rivers in N’Djamena, Chad

The pollution of sediments by inorganic pollutants requires particularly important attention because of their toxicity, their persistence in the environment and their bioaccumulation by animal and plant life. The pollution of sediments by inorganic pollutants requires particularly important attention because of their toxicity, their persistence in the environment and their bioaccumulation by animal and plant living beings. This study focuses on the pollution of sediments of the Chari and Logon rivers in the city of N’Djamena by heavy metals. The objective of this study is to evaluate the degree of contamination, the geo-accumulation index and the degree of the Pollutant Loading Index of some heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Cu, Mn and Cd) and iron in the sediments of the sampled sites. The average concentrations of heavy metals and iron in the sediments are: Pb (10.00 ± 00 μg/Kg to 126 ± 16.52 μg/Kg);Cr VI (0.13 ± 00 mg/Kg to 0.21 ± 00 mg/Kg);Cd (trace);Cu (0.08 ± 0.02 mg/kg to 3.23 ± 0.64 mg/kg);Fe (0.25 ± 0.00 mg/kg to 5.79 ± 0.00 mg/kg);and Mn (0.2 ± 0.00 mg/Kg to 1.1 ± 0.00 mg/Kg);in order of highest to lowest abundance: Fe > Mn > Cd > Cu > Cr VI > Pb for the Logon;Fe > Cu > Mn > Cd > Cr VI > Pb for the Chari and Fe > Mn > Cu > Cd > Cr VI > Pb for the Confluent. The contamination factors for all heavy metals range from no contamination to low contamination for the sediments analyzed. The geo-accumulation indices indicate that the sampled sites are not polluted. The same is true for Er and RI which confirm an absence of ecological risks in the analyzed sediments.

黔中磷矿区土壤重金属污染及其生态风险评价

为评价黔中磷矿区土壤重金属污染风险,采用梅花布点法在磷矿区周边区域和无矿区不同地层天然土壤采集24件表层土壤样品,测定Cu、Pb、Zn、As、Hg、Se、Cd、和Cr含量,并采用内梅罗综合污染指数(NPI)、地累积指数(I_(geo))以及Hankanson潜在生态危害指数(RI)对磷矿区土壤重金属的污染程度和潜在生态风险进行评价。结果表明,黔中磷矿区土壤中Hg、Se、Cd、As、Pb、Zn和Cr等元素平均含量分别为贵州土壤背景值的37.58倍、24.40倍、19.26倍、18.09倍、2.67倍、2.17倍和1.78倍,各重金属富集特征明显,Cu元素平均含量未超过贵州省土壤背景值。研究区土壤中Hg、Se、Cd、As、Pb、Zn和Cr等元素NPI平均值介于4.59~69.32之间,处于重度污染水平,而Cr和Cu元素NPI平均值分别为1.89和1.21,处于轻度污染水平。研究区Hg元素I_(geo)平均值为4.45,处于严重至极重污染;As、Se和Cd元素I_(geo)平均值介于3.35~3.65之间,处于重度污染;Pb、Zn和Cr元素I_(geo)平均值0.21~0.44之间,处于未污染至中度污染水平,而Cu元素I_(geo)平均值为-0.83,显示其未受到污染。潜在生态风险评价结果表明,研究区土壤Hg元素处于极强生态风险水平,Cd处于强生态风险水平,Ad处于中等生态风险水平,而Cu、Pb、Zn和Cr均处于轻微风险水平。黔中磷矿区土壤RI平均值为2285.50,显示出极强生态风险,Hg是最主要的生态风险元素,应引起高度重视。

贵州某煤矸石堆场重金属迁移研究

煤矸石含多种重金属,对周边耕地存在一定污染风险。以贵州某煤矸石堆场周边土壤为研究对象,通过消解法对重金属进行溶出,利用原子吸收法测定重金属含量。结果发现,Pb、Cu、Cd、Zn和Cr的质量分数(mg/kg)分别为24.735~73.22、67.2~239.28、6.40~9.97、60.96~104.70和13.33~41.67。沿着边坡海拔降低方向、下风向和山积水沟渠方向上,重金属均发生有规律迁移。最后,通过地质积累指数(I_(geo))判定:Cd为轻度污染,Cu为轻度污染到中强度污染,部分点位Pb达到重度污染和非常严重污染程度。

湛江湾海域沉积物重金属污染特征及来源研究

测定了2021年4月采集的湛江湾海域的10份沉积物样品中的7种重金属(Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、As、Pb和Zn),并对其主要来源和生态风险进行了分析和探讨。结果显示:Cu、Zn、Cr和As的含量符合一类海洋沉积物标准,而Cd超标率最高。通过地累积指数和污染负荷指数的分析,发现Cd的污染程度最为严重,其次是Hg和Pb,而Cu、As、Zn和Cr的污染程度较低。溯源分析显示,湛江湾重金属的主要来源包括船舶排放、水产养殖排污、工业排污、生活垃圾和农业源。潜在生态风险系数评价表明,湛江湾的重金属污染具有较强的生态风险,其中Cd和Hg是关键的潜在生态风险因子。

北京市昌平区南口镇土壤重金属污染风险评估及来源分析

采集昌平南口镇473件表层土壤样品,收集65件土壤样品(1970年采集的),测试土壤中砷(As)、镉(Cd)、铜(Cu)、铬(Cr)、汞(Hg)、铅(Pb)、镍(Ni)、锌(Zn)等8种重金属元素及三氧化二铝(Al_(2)O_(3))、二氧化硅(SiO_(2))和三氧化二铁(Fe_(2)O_(3))等地球化学指标。采用多种污染评价方法和统计学方法,运用Pearson相关性分析和主成分分析,评估土壤重金属污染风险,分析污染来源。结果表明:重金属Cd含量普遍较高,超筛选值点位较广,Pb、Hg、Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn存在个别点位超筛选值的情况;Cd、Hg、Pb、Zn存在轻微及以上污染点位,Pearson相关性分析和主成分分析显示Cd、Hg、Zn来源相近;Cd和Zn的人为贡献率在1970—2021年间增长明显,且平均值明显高于北京地区背景值,表明研究区可能存在一定的人为污染。

沙河底质沉积物重金属污染评价及潜在风险分析

为综合评价与分析沙河底质沉积物中的重金属污染状况及其潜在生态风险,选取了沙河6个代表性站点,通过野外调查、样品采集和实验室分析,对底泥中的重金属元素汞(Hg)、镉(Cd)、锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)、铅(Pb)和砷(As)进行了测定,并引入地质累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对污染程度和生态风险进行了评估。结果显示,沙河沉积物中重金属含量自上游至下游逐渐降低,主要污染元素为Hg、Cd和Zn。地质累积指数分析表明,Hg在上游区域为中度污染,而其他重金属元素如Cu、Pb和As未发现明显污染。潜在生态风险指数分析表明,沙河上游区域的生态风险高于下游,尤其是G1点位,其重金属的潜在生态风险指数远高于其他点位,这与Hg的高含量和高毒性有关。

Does Embankment Improve Quality of a River? A Case Study in To Lich River Inner City Hanoi, with Special Reference to Heavy Metals

To Lich River (TLR) system receives wastewaters from a population of nearly two million people and 100 manufactories of five industrial zones in inner city Hanoi, Vietnam. To improve quality of TLR, the embankment was carried out in 1998 and finished in 2002, resulted in width of 20 - 45 m, depth of 2 - 4 m, and maximum water flow capacity of 30 m3/s. Water and sediment quality indices based on heavy metal concentrations were used to evaluate current river environment compared to that of pre-embankment. Mass balance model was employed to estimate total metal loads for specific river reaches, which corresponds to various types of wastewater discharged along the river. The results indicated that currently there is about284,000 m3sediment accumulated in TLR bed, which is under high contamination of Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb with a total of 7347 tons of all concerned metals. Domestic-discharged river reaches received much lower metal loads, roughly 8% - 28% compared to river reaches of both domestic and industrial inputs. Total load of all nine concerned metals at the end of TLR is161.7 kg/day, which is finally discharged to Nhue River at South Hanoi. Water quality was improved much right after finishing embankment, then it gradually deteriorated. Meanwhile, sediment quality became even much worse after embankment. Relative river quality index as equal weight for both water and sediment quality indices indicated that quality of TLR was not much improved after the embankment. It even became worse due to the urbanization in recent years.

Soil Heavy Metal Pollution and Health Risk Assessment of Abandoned Land in Coal Mining Areas in Xingren County

Total contents of heavy metals （ Pb, Cr, Cd, Hg, As, Cu, Zn, and Ni） in 68 soil samples were determined to evaluate the contamination level of soil from five coal mine areas in Xingren County, Guizhou province. The pollution levels of heavy metals were characterized by anthro- pogenic influence multiple, and the pollution of heavy metal in soil was evaluated using geo-accumulation index. Based on the health risk models recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency （ US EPA）, the health risks of heavy metals in the soils were assessed. The results showed that the abandoned land in the five coal mining areas were contaminated by heavy metals, and the order of pollution levels of eight heavy metals was As 〉 Pb 〉 Cu 〉 Hg 〉 Ni 〉 Cr 〉 Cd 〉 Zn. The soils suffered moderate-heavy pollution from As and Pb, and the contents of As and Pb in the soils were 13.16 and 4.76 times higher than the background values of Guizhou Province, followed by Cu, Hg and Ni , while soil pollution from Cr, Cd and Zn was mild. The order of non-caminogenic risks of the heavy metals in the soils was As 〉 Pb 〉 Cr 〉 Ni 〉 Cu 〉 Hg 〉 Cd 〉 Zn, and the non-carcinogenic dsk value of As was higher than that its threshold value 1, which indicated that As had a high potential health risk to adults and children. The order of carcinogen risks of the four heavy metals was As 〉 Cd 〉 Cr 〉 Ni, and the carcinogenic risk value of As was higher than its threshold value, indicating that As had a high carcinogenic risk to adults and children. The carcinogenic risk values of other three heavy metals （ Cd, Cr and Ni） were lower than the threshold value, so they had no carcinogenic risk to human health. Moreover, children were more sensitively affect- ed by heavy metals from the abandoned land. Therefore, the health of children in such areas should be paid more attention to. The HI value of the eight heavy metals to children was seven times higher than that to adults. The contribution rate of HQAs to HI was about 88%, and the contribution rate of CRA, to TCR was about 98%, so As was the most crucial factor influencing non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic dsk in the abandoned soils.

The Geochemistry of Heavy Metals in the Mudflat of Salinas de San Pedro Lagoon, California, USA

Sediment core samples were collected from the Salinas de San Pedro to assess the pollutant deposition processes in response to extensive human activities. Analysis of the sediment samples for heavy metals and some trace elements was conducted with ICP-OES for 20 sites showing enrichment for some of trace and heavy metals. The results demonstrated that heavy metal concentrations in mud varied greatly for each metal, with concentration values (mg/g) ranging from 1.05 - 4.8 (Al);0.003 - 0.011(As);0.001 - 0.005 (Cd);0.02 to 0.82 (Cr);0.085 - 0.47 (Cu);5.98 - 14.22 (Fe);0.06 - 0.19 (Mn);0.03 - 0.67 (Ni);0.05 - 0.38 (Pb);- 0.069 (Se);0.18 - 0.63 (Ti);0.040 - 0.091 (V) and 0.149 - 0.336 (Zn). The Index of Geo-accumulation factor showed highest values for Pb, Mn, As, and Cu. Enrichment factors >1for these elements suggest anthropogenic inputs for most metals. The bioavailability of metals in lagoon sediments has the potential to be highly dynamic with local waste and natural H2S discharge from existing fault line.

海南万宁海域海洋生物重金属分析与评价

海洋经济生物体内重金属含量直接影响到人类健康。根据2020年12月对万宁海域12个调查站、10种生物(鱼类7种、软体类1种、甲壳类2种)体内的7种重金属(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、As、Hg)含量监测结果,分析了重金属的含量特征,并分别利用单因子污染指数法和重金属富集系数对重金属污染水平和它在生物体内的富集情况进行了评价。结果表明:(1)各类生物体内重金属含量的高低顺序不一致,但三类生物体内锌和铜的含量均相对较高。生物对必需元素锌和铜的富集明显高于对非必需元素铅、镉和总汞的,主动吸收能力明显。(2)不同类生物同种重金属的含量存在一定差异,甲壳类的高于鱼类和软体类的。万宁海域鱼类和软体类生物重金属单因子污染指数均小于1,部分甲壳类生物的铬单因子污染指数大于1,超标率为41.7%。铬是万宁海域海洋生物的主要污染因子,影响其含量的原因可能是周围的围填海工程,以及所研究物种的生理特性。(3)万宁海域甲壳类生物体内总汞已呈轻污染状态,铬呈重污染状态。(4)甲壳类生物对重金属的富集能力强于鱼类和软体类的,各类生物对Cu的富集能力最高,对As的富集能力最低,且对重金属Cu、Cd和Zn有潜在的严重积累,在发展养殖产业中需引起注意。

Assessment of Heavy Metals Pollution in Sediments from Ologe Lagoon, Agbara, Lagos, Nigeria

This study was carried out to assess the level of heavy metals pollution in Ologe Lagoon, Agbara, Lagos, Nigeria. The Lagoon receives effluents from industries in the Agbara Industrial Estate. Cored Soft sediments were retrieved from six random sampling points within the Lagoon and labeled (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 and S6). Subsamples of the sediments were prepared and analyzed for heavy metal concentration. The result from the heavy metal analysis of the sediments shows that average concentration of Mn, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cr, Ni, Co, Cu and Pb in the samples was 278.1 ppm, 21.7 ppm, 14.2 ppm, 6.6 ppm, 6.4 ppm, 6.4 ppm and 4.4 ppm, respectively. The correlation between the heavy metals varies from 0.71 to 0.98 shows that they have a strongly positive degree of association which suggests that they are from the same source. The geo-accumulation values for Cu in all stations ranged between (1 - 2.8 ppm) and it can be deduced that the sediments are moderately to strongly polluted. Pb varies between 1 and 2.1 suggesting that the sediments are moderately polluted. Zn exhibits strong pollution levels with a range from 2.5 and 3.5 ppm. Co is moderately polluted with 1.5 - 2.4 while Mn shows the highest level of pollution in all stations with Igeo values ranging between 4.1 and 5.8. This study showed that the Lagoon accumulates heavy metals as a result of anthropogenic activities evident in the dumping of municipal, sewage, industrial waste in the environment and domestic activities such as auto mobile transportation and mechanic repair workshop. Based on sediment quality guidelines, the Ologe Lagoon level of pollution ranged from Cu > Pb > Zn > Ni > Co > Mn > Cr > Al with Mn having the highest level of pollution.

Application of Pollution Indices in the Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination of Surface Sediments of River Bonsa, Ghana

Heavy metal contamination of sediments is a major risk to ecological systems and human health. Not only do sediments influence the quality of the water column, but can be transferred to micro biota and fishes, ultimately ending up at higher trophic levels in the food chain though biomagnification. This study was carried out to assess the contamination levels of heavy metals in the sediments of river Bonsa. Ten sediment samples were taken along the river and analyzed for Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Cobalt (Co), and Nickel (Ni) using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Data analysis was accomplished by comparing the measured heavy metal concentrations to Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council (ANZECC) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) fresh water sediment quality guidelines and by the computation of geo-accumulation indices and enrichment factors. The results show that apart from Ni which had two of its sample concentrations (at BS1 21.167 mg/kg and at BS2 29.374 mg/kg) exceeding the ANZECC lower limit (21 mg/kg) guideline for fresh water sediment, all other heavy metals recorded concentrations below the lower limits of their respective ANZECC standards. Out of the 10 samples analyzed, 7 recorded Mn concentrations above the NOAA ARC TEL. A one-sample t-test also showed that the mean concentrations of Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni, and Cr were significantly lower than their respective ANZECC threshold values and Fe concentration was also significantly lower than the NOAA threshold;however, there was no significant difference between Mn mean value and the corresponding NOAA guideline value. The assessment of heavy metal pollution was derived using the Enrichment Factor (EF) and geo-accumulation indices (I-geo). The computed enrichment factors indicated that all the heavy metals except Ni are from natural sources (i.e., EF < 1.5) signifying a degree of heavy metal depletion rather than enrichment. The sources of Ni were attributed to domestic waste disposal into the river at sampling points BS1 and BS2 as well as run offs from a nearby auto mechanic workshop. All the metals had I-geo values between 0 and 1 (0 < I-geo < 1) denoting unpolluted to moderately polluted sediments. Thus, in terms of heavy metals, the river is unpolluted. These findings are very important as it shows that river Bonsa has not yet been impacted as far as heavy metals are concerned and the data gathered may serve as baseline for future studies.

延河底泥的重金属分布特征和生态风险评价

为了评估延河底泥的重金属分布特征和污染风险,以延河为研究对象,采集底泥样品,测定延河流域9个代表性断面中Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn、Ni、As、Cd和Hg等8种重金属的含量。运用潜在生态风险指数法和地累积指数法计算延河底泥重金属的生态风险,并通过Pearson相关系数甄别底泥中重金属的来源。结果表明:延河底泥中Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn、Ni、As、Cd和Hg平均含量分别为124.56、98.21、66.00、46.20、22.64、4.45、0.14、0.11 mg·kg^(-1),其中Pb、Hg、Cu、Cr、Cd分别超过陕西省环境背景值5.8、4.4、3.2、1.8、1.4倍,Ni、As和Zn低于陕西省环境背景值;延河底泥重金属的潜在生态风险指数平均值为303.14,从高到低依次为S8>S1>S5>S7>S2>S3>S6>S9>S4,中等生态风险和强生态风险为11.1%和88.9%,主要由Hg导致;同时,底泥中的Cr、Pb、Hg和Cu的地累积指数大于0,属于轻度-中度污染,Cd的地累积指数在-0.37~0.11之间,属于无-轻度污染,Ni、Zn和As的地累积指数小于0,属于无污染;延河底泥Ni、Cd和Cu呈现高度相似性,产业布局、道路交通和地质活动是其主要污染源。

某废弃矿山重金属污染土壤治理约束优化研究

矿产开采过程中容易造成土壤重金属污染,治理土壤重金属污染有利于土壤的修复和二次利用。提出废弃矿山重金属污染土壤治理约束优化研究方法,首先介绍了研究土壤重金属污染所用的试剂和仪器,以及土壤采样和实验过程。其次,在SPPSS19.0软件中输入实验数据,分析土壤中重金属元素的空间分布特征,建立扰动指数函数,分析土壤重金属污染受人类活动的影响,通过地累积指数法获取重金属对矿区土壤产生的污染程度。最后,根据上述分析结果提出土壤治理约束优化策略。

重庆稻田土壤重金属污染特征分析及风险评价

【目的】探究重庆稻田土壤重金属元素的含量特征并对其进行风险评价,为土壤重金属污染防控及耕地土壤保护提供参考依据。【方法】采集重庆市7个典型水稻主产区的稻田土壤样品230个,分析测定土壤样品的pH及Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cr等5种重金属元素含量,利用内梅罗污染指数评价法与地累积指数评价法进行污染程度分析,并与重庆土壤重金属背景值和农用地土壤风险筛选值进行比对,分析评估重庆稻田土壤重金属污染特征,再通过皮尔逊相关性分析和聚类分析探究土壤重金属污染可能来源。【结果】研究区土壤中Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Hg等5种重金属元素的平均含量分别为25.4、0.312、66.8、4.71、0.0827 mg/kg。通过单因子污染指数与内梅罗污染指数评价法分析,研究区稻田土壤有19.57%的点位处于Cd元素轻污染状态,0.43%的点位处于Hg元素中污染状态,其余点位处于无污染状态。地累积指数分析发现,稻田土壤中Cd处于轻污染水平,其余重金属元素属于无污染水平,但存在极少部分土壤的Hg元素地累积指数极高(4.03,属于强-极强污染等级)。与重庆市土壤背景值比对发现,Cd、Hg元素含量均超过了重庆土壤背景值,分别是背景值的2.84倍、1.38倍,有累积效应;Pb、Cr、As元素含量略低于重庆土壤背景值,基本无富集。通过与农用地土壤风险筛选值比对,所调查的稻田土壤重金属含量均值均小于对应的农用地土壤风险筛选值。相关性及聚类分析发现,重金属污染主要源于成土过程及人为因素。【结论】重庆稻田土壤总体处于清洁状态,但存在Cd、Hg元素的污染风险。

鄱阳湖生态经济区污水处理厂污泥重金属污染特征、来源及潜在生态风险评价

鄱阳湖生态经济区是我国南部市场经济最活跃区域之一,为了解该区域城市污水处理厂污泥重金属的来源及污染情况,为污泥处理和资源化开发再利用提供科学依据,收集环鄱阳湖生态经济区主要城市污水处理厂脱水污泥,得到污泥中8种主要重金属含量,并分析重金属污染特征、来源和风险评价。结果表明:①研究区域污泥重金属含量高低依次为Zn、Cu、Pb、Cr、Ni、As、Cd和Hg,其中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd和Cr变异程度较高,属于强变异。②主成分分析结果显示,研究区域污泥中重金属主要来源有2个,其中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr和As来源主要为生活清洁和工业部门,Ni和Hg来源主要为电镀化工行业和医疗。③内梅罗综合污染指数为1.615,污泥重金属为轻度污染。④Cd元素地累积指数平均值最高,污染达强-极强污染级别。⑤Cd、Hg生态风险为严重风险,且Cd元素对研究区域生态风险影响最大,研究区域综合生态风险指数为467.43,区域潜在生态风险程度属于重风险。研究显示,鄱阳湖生态经济区污水处理厂脱水污泥中重金属污染程度中等,但Cd元素潜在生态风险值得关注。