Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal phylogenetic groups differ in affecting host plants along heavy metal levels

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi（AMF） are important components of soil microbial communities,and play important role in plant growth. However, the effects of AMF phylogenetic groups（Glomeraceae and non-Glomeraceae） on host plant under various heavy metal levels are not clear. Here we conducted a meta-analysis to compare symbiotic relationship between AMF phylogenetic groups（Glomeraceae and non-Glomeraceae） and host plant functional groups（herbs vs. trees, and non-legumes vs. legumes） at three heavy metal levels. In the meta-analysis, we calculate the effect size（ln（RR）） by taking the natural logarithm of the response ratio of inoculated to non-inoculated shoot biomass from each study. We found that the effect size of Glomeraceae increased, but the effect size of non-Glomeraceae decreased under high level of heavy metal compared to low level. According to the effect size, both Glomeraceae and non-Glomeraceae promoted host plant growth, but had different effects under various heavy metal levels. Glomeraceae provided more benefit to host plants than non-Glomeraceae did under heavy metal condition, while non-Glomeraceae provided more benefit to host plants than Glomeraceae did under no heavy metal. AMF phylogenetic groups also differed in promoting plant functional groups under various heavy metal levels.Interacting with Glomeraceae, herbs and legumes grew better than trees and non-legumes did under high heavy metal level, while trees and legumes grew better than herbs and non-legumes did under medium heavy metal level. Interacting with non-Glomeraceae, herbs and legumes grew better than trees and non-legumes did under no heavy metal. We suggested that the combination of legume with Glomeraceae could be a useful way in the remediation of heavy metal polluted environment.

Assessment of pollution levels and human health risk of heavy metals in dust deposited on Yerevan＇s tree leaves (Armenia)

The total concentrations of Cd,As,Pb,Cr,Ni,Co,Zn,Cu,Ag,Hg,and Mo were determined in the atmospheric dust of the city of Yerevan by atomic absorption spectrometry(AAnalyst PE 800).Heavy metal pollution levels were evaluated by calculating geo-accumulation(I_(geo)) and summary pollution(Z_c) indices.Potential human health risk was assessed using the United States Environmental Protection agency's human health risk assessment model.The results show that mean contents of all elements tested except Ni and Cr were substantially higher than local geochemical background values.According to the I_(geo),Yerevan territory is strongly-to-extremely polluted by As,Ag,Hg,Mo,and Cd.The Z_c assessment indicated that very high pollution was detected in 36%of samples,high in 32%,average in 12%,and low in 20%.The health risk assessment revealed a noncarcinogenic risk(HI >1) for children at 13 samplings sites and for adults at one sampling site.For children the risk was due to elevated levels of Mo,Cd,Co,and As,while for adults,only Mo.Carcinogenic risk(>1:1,000,000) of As and Cr via ingestion pathway was observed in 25 and 14 samples,respectively.This study,therefore,is the base for further detailed investigations to organize problematic site remediation and risk reduction measures.

Horizontal distribution and levels of heavy metals in the biggest snowstorm in a century in Shenyang,China

The horizontal distribution and levels of heavy metals in the biggest snowstorm in Shenyang since 1904 were investigated by analyzing 4 metals (As,Cd,Pb,and Cu) in a series of ultraclean samples collected from 17 sites distributed in different regions of the Shenyang area,China.The results showed that the concentrations of all the 4 heavy metals in snow from the industrial regions were high,up to 7.3 (As),2.2 (Cd),850.0 (Pb),and 0.197-20.2 (Cu)μg/kg,respectively.In the suburb,in contrast,their concentration...

Levels of Heavy Metals in Fishes (Cheilinus trilobatus) from the Gulf of Aqaba, Jordan

Heavy metal concentrations of Ni, Mg, Co, Cr, Cd and Cu were investigatedusing flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) in the liver, kidney, muscle, scale, gonad, gill and stomach of Cheilinus trilobatus fish species from the northern Gulf of Aqaba. Cheilinus trilobatus fish species were collected during the period May to August 2013. The results indicated significant differences between different organs of Cheilinus trilobatus for Ni (p = 0.0002), Fe (p = 0.0213), Co (p p Cheilinus trilobatus and its length. The levels of metal concentration of the present study were generally lower or within the ranges of those found in the fish of the Red Sea. After all, Cheilinus trilobatus fish species was found to be safe for consumption and do not pose a significant threat to the health of human consumers.

长江下游干流沉积物重金属特征及生态风险评价

【研究目的】长江下游干流沿岸分布众多取水口,为保障用水安全和生态环境健康,亟需了解近岸沉积物中重金属相关现状。【研究方法】调查过程中自上而下分左右岸共采集沉积物样品85组,利用描述统计分析重金属含量特征,综合相关性分析和主成分分析探讨重金属来源,采用地累积指数法、污染负荷法分析重金属污染程度,并评估其潜在生态风险。【研究结果】平均含量由高至低为Zn>Cr>Cu>Ni>Pb>As>Cd;上游至下游,Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni呈小幅波动增加趋势,As、Pb呈小幅波动下降趋势,Cd呈较大波动下降趋势;Cd的污染程度最重,主要来源于农业生产等人类活动,1~4级污染分别占比1.18%、1.18%、18.82%和34.12%,Cr和Ni为无污染,主要是工业生产源和地球化学自然源;中等污染程度(1≤PLI_(point)<2)的样点占比34.18%,潜在生态风险指数(RI)为19.48~388.62,轻微潜在生态风险、中等潜在生态风险、强潜在生态风险和极强潜在生态风险占比分别为38.82%、42.35%、17.65%和1.18%。【结论】长江下游干流沉积物中重金属含量较低,流域整体处于轻微—中等风险的无污染状态(PLI_(area)<1),右岸重金属平均含量、污染程度和潜在生态风险均普遍高于左岸。

Heavy Metals in Soils Associated with Fertilizers in Trinidad

Heavy metals in agricultural soil pose human health risks through food consumption. In a novel study for Trinidad, concentration and pollution index levels of heavy metals were assessed from 18 agricultural farms using the X-Ray fluorescence technique, then to evaluate the Geo-accumulation and Nemerow’s Integrated Pollution indexes. Toxic elements Pb and As were present but soil quality due to anthropogenic input was found as unpolluted. Overall heavy metal pollution was classified at a precautionary level for 33% of farms, slightly polluted for 61% and moderately polluted for 6% of the farms assessed, thus, regular monitoring and mitigation measures are important for food safety and human health in Trinidad.

Level of Contamination of Fishponds Water in Pesticide Residues and Metallic Trace Elements (Pb, Cd, As, Hg): Case of Fishponds of ZEPREGUHE (Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire)

Fishponds waters intended to satisfy the nutritional needs of the populations in terms of supply of fish resources are strongly and unfortunately exposed to the mobility and dispersion of metallic trace elements (TMEs) or to the persistence in the environment and in the form of pesticide residues from human activities. The objective of this work is to evaluate, on the one hand, the levels of identified pesticide residues and, on the other hand, those of researched TMEs (lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic) in the waters of ponds used for fish farming in Zépréguhé, a locality located 9 km from the town of Daloa in the centre-west of C&ocirc;te d’Ivoire. The dosage of the samples carried out by means of a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC/MS) made it possible to detect nine (9) pesticide molecules, including eight (8) organochlorines and a single molecule from the pyrethroid family, obtained from the detection limit of 0.006 μg/L and the quantification limit of 0.018 μg/L. The maximum average concentration was obtained with α-endosulfan for a content reaching 0.8038 μg/L and well above the maximum admissible concentration of 0.1 μg/L. The TMEs were quantified using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Arsenic is the most abundant metal with an average concentration of 9.497 μg/L. With the exception of lead, these measured levels are above the acceptable limit values for freshwater. This study showed that human activities such as the use of fertilisers and plant protection products in plantations, sand extraction and road traffic have a negative impact on the quality of the water in ponds used for fish breeding.

2023年常德市鲜湿米粉中5种重金属污染状况及暴露风险评估

目的:调查2023年常德市本地产鲜湿米粉中铅、镉、总铬、总砷和总汞5种重金属元素污染状况,并评估其膳食暴露的健康风险。方法:随机采集常德市各区县市本地产鲜湿米粉共92份,按照国标方法测定5种重金属元素含量,采用点评估方法对米粉中5种重金属元素的膳食暴露风险进行评估。结果:92份样品中5种重金属元素的检出率为30.4%~100.0%,含量均低于标准限量值;米粉中重金属综合污染指数平均值为0.149,属于安全级别,总目标风险系数为0.691,总体处于安全范围。结论:2023年常德市鲜湿米粉中铅、镉、总铬、总砷和总汞5种重金属元素总体污染程度较轻,对消费人群健康影响有限。

山东省胶东半岛养殖刺参中金属元素含量水平分析及健康风险评估

为探讨山东省胶东半岛养殖刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)中铅、镉、汞等11种金属及无机砷含量水平、分布特征及对人体健康的潜在风险,2018—2020年在山东省龙口、莱州、荣城随机采集低播养殖的体质量47.5~98.3 g的刺参样品130份,采用ICP-MS法测定样品中铅、镉、砷等10种元素,原子荧光法测定汞,HPLC-ICP-MS联用法测定无机砷,采用目标危险系数评估样品中金属对人体存在的潜在健康风险,为我国制订鲜海参卫生标准提供参考和数据支撑。结果表明,11种金属元素平均浓度依次递减为Al、Zn、Mn、Cu、As、Cr、Ni、Pb、Cd、Sn、Hg,无机砷含量均小于检出限。单个元素风险顺序为Cd>Cr>Pb>Cu>Al>Zn>Mn>Ni>Hg。单一元素的目标危险系数THQ与多种金属的复合目标危险系数TTHQ均小于1。结果证明:食用山东省胶东半岛养殖刺参目前对人体健康不具有危险性。其中对人体健康危害最大的元素为镉,贡献率达25.6%,应关注海参中镉元素含量对人体健康造成的潜在威胁。

地铁站办公区细颗粒物之金属特性分析及工作人员健康暴露水平分析

为了研究地铁站办公区PM_(2.5)的特征和工作人员的暴露水平,选择3种不同类型的地铁站进行采样和分析。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry,ICP MS)分析PM_(2.5)样本中的22种元素,利用微环境模型对地铁站工作人员的PM_(2.5)及元素质量浓度暴露水平进行评估,并与普通室内工作人员进行对比。结果显示,办公区PM_(2.5)质量浓度普遍高于室外,超过了世界卫生组织给出的指导值。办公区PM_(2.5)金属元素富集明显,地铁工作人员每天暴露于Fe、Mn、Cu、Ni、Cr、Co等金属元素的日暴露剂量明显高于普通室内工作人员,地铁站办公区的空气质量应引起关注。

飞灰粒径对金属波导内飞灰含碳量测量影响

微波衰减法是近年来在线测量粉煤灰含碳量的常见方法之一。然而,由于飞灰的取样位置及取样装置的差异,飞灰的粒径大小存在较大的不确定性,从而造成飞灰含碳量测量的误差较大。现有的含碳量拟合模型均以飞灰对特征频率信号的衰减与飞灰含碳量的关系为基础,存在着误差大、适应性差等问题。为了解决含碳量拟合模型误差大和适应性差等问题,提出使用信号的时域主峰衰减来代替信号在特征频率处的衰减作为飞灰含碳量在线拟合的优化方法。为了修正飞灰粒径不确定性引起的误差,在研究灰位和含碳量测量的基础上,比较了不同粒径范围的飞灰对灰位和飞灰含碳量测量的影响。结果表明:采用信号的时域峰值衰减来计算含碳量,其结果与实际值吻合良好;对于波导中相同质量的灰样,飞灰的粒径大小对灰位的测量精度没有显著的影响;当使用微波法测量波导内飞灰含碳量时,对于相同质量的灰样,随着飞灰粒径的减小,波导内飞灰对微波信号的衰减逐渐减小,从而使含碳量的测量值随着飞灰粒径的减小而增加。

基于Ventsim的超深部多中段同时开采通风系统优化

矿井通风系统与井下各作业点相联合,对全矿井的通风安全状况具有全局性的影响,长期以来矿井通风系统优化是地下深部开采面临的重要难题。某大型地下超深部开采铜矿生产过程中存在矿体走向短、倾角大,多中段同时开采导致采区工作面分散,通风系统风路复杂的难题。基于此,利用Ventsim软件建立该矿井三维通风系统仿真模型,以矿井需风量为出发点,提出针对三、四、五采区的通风系统优化方案,模拟-300~-700 m深度内9个通风最不利中段同时开采情况,并进行通风系统网络解算。结果表明:矿井最不利通风条件下总风量为405.3 m^(3)/s,满足计算的矿井需风量395.5 m^(3)/s的要求。研究成果对矿山安全高效生产,提高矿山经济效益具有重要参考价值。

某尾矿库土壤重金属污染情况检测与环境风险评价

本研究基于电感耦合等离子体质谱检测技术,探究不同样品前处理方法对土壤中重金属定量的影响,建立了一种准确快速的土壤重金属污染筛查方法。该法采用硝酸-盐酸提取法以盐酸:硝酸=3:1溶液浸提重金属,能够稳定提取易挥发性的砷(回收率95%~105%)。采用该筛查方法对某尾矿库场地不同空间位点土壤样品中的铜、铅、镍、砷、镉5种重金属元素进行定量检测,以评估该尾矿库重金属分布情况及污染风险。结果表明该尾矿库内存在不同程度的Pb、As和Cd污染,并且单因子污染指数和内梅罗综合指数均指示存在As的重度污染。其次污染情况还表现出水平和垂直方向上的分布趋势,尾矿库入口和中段污染程度较高而末段污染程度低;土壤表层(0~0.5m)重金属检出值较低而深层(0.5~4.0m)检出值较高。以上结果说明该尾矿库存在严重的重金属污染,并且污染可能在降雨等因素作用下扩大范围和深度,提高治理难度,因此因及时采取措施对已污染区域进行整治。

青浦区白鹤镇村级河道底泥重金属污染调查与分析

为分析青浦区白鹤镇村级河道底泥污染特征及对环境的危害程度,本文选取镇内36条村级河道对底泥进行定点采样和研究分析,并利用潜在生态风险指数法、Pearson相关性和R型聚类分析法对底泥重金属进行污染风险评价和来源探讨。结果表明,各种重金属潜在生态风险指数(Eir)均值大小依次为Hg>Cr>As>Cu>Ni>Pb>Cd>Zn;Pearson相关性和R型聚类分析表明,底泥中重金属Cu、Cd、Zn、Cr、Hg主要与农药或化肥使用有关,Pb和As主要与道路交通污染有关,Ni主要与工业生产有关。通过分析河道底泥污染特征,可为底泥妥善处置及河道精准治理提供数据支撑。

园林景观设计中土壤重金属污染风险治理方法研究

在园林景观设计建设过程中,易造成土壤的重金属污染,从而影响生态环境,对人类的生存及健康造成重大威胁,为此提出园林景观设计中土壤重金属污染风险治理方法。首先介绍了研究区域概况、样本采集方法和样本数据分析方法;其次获取民法典主题公园设计施工前后十个采样点的土壤重金属含量数据,并分析重金属单因子污染指数、综合污染指数,划分污染等级。实验结果表明,园林景观设计建设会降低园林土壤中的重金属含量,减轻原有土壤的重金属污染等级,所提出的治理方法可以促进生态环境的改善。

农耕表层土壤重金属污染生态风险预警研究

重金属污染是造成生态环境污染的主要因素,为此研究农耕表层土壤重金属污染生态风险预警方法,旨在提高生态环境和农产品的质量安全。以济宁市某农耕区域为预警评估对象,对其实施采样、处理和样品分析。根据重金属元素含量统计分布,利用综合污染指数法(Pi)与潜在生态风险评价法(RI)划分各重金属元素污染等级和潜在生态风险指数。通过生态风险指数法(I_(ER))实现农耕表层土壤重金属生态风险预警评估。通过对研究区测试,得出所提方法能够准确实现农耕表层土壤重金属污染生态风险预警。

Heavy Metal Pollution Along the Yangtze River Stretches of Urban Area in Major Cities

Since the 1970s, Water Environment Monitoring Center of Yangtze valley has been carrying out the monitoring and research work on deposit material in the main stream of Yangtze and finished significant monitoring and research work on the deposit materials in river sections of urban districts for 21 main cities, such as Panzhihua, Chongqing, Wuhan, Shanghai etc. Based on the monitoring and research results, this paper describes the basic characteristics of deposit materials, the content, distribution and existing state, transfer and transformation characteristics of heavy metal pollutants. The results demonstrate that the heavy metal content in suspended load is higher than that in deposited material for main stream of the Yangtze, the alongshore water zone has been polluted in different degree. Among the 21 main cities on the Yangtze river, the river water pollution along the six cities,i.e. Panzhihua, Yichang, Nanjing, Wuhan, Shanghai, Chongqing, is more serious.

Quantitative assessment of heavy metals in some tea marketed in Nigeria ——Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in tea

Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in tea marketed in Nigeria was investigated. Four major and most consumed brand of tea were selected for the present study. Both aqueous and dry methods were used. Total contents of metal were determined by digesting 1g of each brand using a mixture (3:1) concentrated nitric acid (NNO3) and hypochlorous acid (HCLO4). The second method involved hot water extract of tea samples. After boiling and filtration, the residue was evaporated to near dryness and digested with concentrated HNO3 and HCLO4 as described above. Results indicate that Zn, Cd, Cu, and Pb were present in lowest concentrations in ascending order for which there were two significant differences between the four sources of samples. The general characteristics of heavy metal concentrations in aqueous extract showed high level of Fe and Mg in a descending order. Going by the correlation study of our result indicates that there is no significant relationship between the two elements of Fe and Mg, though, the numerical values of the two elements varied widely among the samples. These differences may have major impact on human health. However, the beneficial effects of tea are in a fairly narrow concentration range between the essential and the toxic level. In conclusion, the variations in heavy metals content of tea brands may be due to geographical, seasonal changes and the chemical characteristics of the growing regions.

Organochlorine pesticide and heavy metal residues in some edible biota collected from Quanzhou Bay and Xinghua Bay,Southeast China

In order to assess the contamination of edible marine organisms in Quanzhou and Xinghua Bays, Fujian Province, China, concentrations of organochlorine pesticides （hexachlorocyclohexane isomers or HCHs and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane isomers/derivatives or DDTs） and heavy metals （Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Cr, Cd, Ni and Hg） in 13 species collected from different sites in the hays were analyzed by GC-ECD and ICP-MS. The concentration of the sum of DDTs exceeded that the sum of HCHs in the samples. Most of the organisms showed higher levels of DDTs than the first level criterion （10 ng/g） for marine biological quality in China （GB 18421-2001） but conformed to the first level criterion （20 ng/g） for HCHs. The estimated mean daily uptake of pesticides was below the level for minimal risk to the consumers. The levels of Cd, As and Pb in most organisms from both bays were markedly elevated and above the recommended legal limits for human consumption. Our results showed the need for routine monitoring of marine species contamination to ensure public and environmental health.

Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Muscle with Relation to the Growth of Two Marine Fish Species

Heavy metal concentrations in muscle and their relation to thegrowth of two marine fish species,including tonguefish( Cynoglossus arel) and mullet( Mugil cephalus),were studied. The samples were collected in Bach Dang estuary andconcentrations of heavy metals( As,Cd,Co,Mn,Cu,Zn,Pb,and V) in muscle of the fisheswere determined. The result showed that the accumulated trend of heavy metal is different between fish species. The concentration of As,Zn,Mn,V,Cu,Pb,Co and Cd in tonguefish were 73. 7 ± 30. 6,22. 82 ± 4.87,3. 44 ± 2. 13,1. 61 ± 0. 15,0. 71 ± 0. 13,0. 45 ± 0. 24,0. 03 ± 0. 02 and 0. 02 ± 0. 02 mg·g-1,respectively. Meanwhile the concentration of Zn,As,V,Mn,Cu,Pb,Co and Cd in mullet were 83. 41 ±19. 68,9. 78 ± 1. 92,1. 36 ± 0. 54,1. 29 ± 0. 51,0. 65 ± 0. 12,0. 42 ± 0. 20,0. 06 ± 0. 03 and0. 03 ± 0. 01mg·g-1,respectively. Comparison of metal levels among thesespecies indicated that the concentrations of As and Mn in tonguefish were significantly higher than those in mullet,whereas Zn levels in mullet were found to be higher than that in tonguefish. There is no significant differences of Cd,Co,Cu,Pb and V levels in muscle between two species. Significant inversed relationshipsbetween concentration levels of metals and lengths of tonguefish were found for Mn,Cu and Zn,butnot for As,Cd,Pb,and V. There were no significant relationships between the heavy metal concentrations and the length of mullet. In general,decreasesof the heavy metal concentrations corresponded to the increases of fish body lengths,particularly for As,Co,Cu,Mn and V and the exception for Cd. Terefore reduced risks were associated with consuming biggermullet fish,and increased risks of As and Cd were associated with consuming bigger tonguefish in Bach Dang river mouth.