Effects of smelting parameters on the slag/metal separation behaviors of Hongge vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite metallized pellets obtained from the gas-based direct reduction process

Smelting separations of Hongge vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite metallized pellets（HVTMP）prepared by gas-based direct reduction were investigated,and the effects of smelting parameters on the slag/metal separation behaviors were analyzed.Relevant mechanisms were elucidated using X-ray diffraction analysis,FACTSAGE 7.0 calculations,and scanning electron microscopy observations.The results show that,when the smelting temperature,time,and C/O ratio are increased,the recoveries of V and Cr of HVTMP in pig iron are improved,the recovery of Fe initially increases and subsequently decreases,and the recovery of Ti O_2 in slag decreases.When the smelting Ca O/Si O_2 ratio is increased,the recoveries of Fe,V,and Cr in pig iron increase and the recovery of Ti O_2 in slag initially increases and subsequently decreases.The appropriate smelting separation parameters for HVTMP are as follows：smelting temperature of 1873 K;smelting time of 30–50 min;C/O ratio of 1.25;and Ca O/Si O_2 ratio of 0.50.With these optimized parameters（smelting time：30 min）,the recoveries of Fe,V,Cr,and Ti O_2 are 99.5%,91.24%,92.41%,and 94.86%,respectively.

Multi-index analysis of the melting process of laterite metallized pellet

Herein, a multi-index analysis of the nickel content of an alloy, output rate of the alloy, nickel recovery rate, and iron recovery rate during the melting of laterite metallized pellets was performed. The thermodynamic reduction behavior of oxides such as NiO, FeO, Fe_3 O_4, and Cr_2 O_3 was studied using the FactSage software, which revealed that SiO_2 is not conducive to the reduction of iron oxides, whereas the addition of basic oxides such as CaO and MgO is beneficial for the reduction of iron oxides. On the basis of a comprehensive analysis to achieve greater nickel recovery and lower iron recovery rates, the optimum experimental parameters in the orthogonal experiment were A3 B1 C3(t = 30 min, C/O = 0.4, R = 1.2); the indicators wNi, φalloy, ηNi, and ηFe had values of 15.0 wt%, 12.1%, 44.9%, and 96.4%, respectively. In single-factor experiments, increasing basicity(R) substantially improved the separation effect in the low-basicity range 0.5 ≤ R ≤ 0.8 but not in the high-basicity range 0.8 ≤ R ≤ 1.2. Similar results were obtained for the effect of the C/O ratio. Moreover, the recovery rate of nickel increased with increasing recovery rate of iron.

高硅金属化球团冶金性能研究与分析

为了向高炉提供质量、性能稳定的高硅金属化球团,采用还原性试验、低温还原粉化性试验、熔滴试验等方法研究了高硅金属化球团各项冶金性能以及影响冶金性能的因素。研究表明:高硅金属化球团具有高金属化率、高铁品位、优良的还原性能、无低温还原粉化等优点,软熔性能随高硅金属化球团SiO_(2)含量升高而变差,而熔滴性能优于烧结矿和氧化球团矿。在高炉中配加一定比例的高硅金属化球团有利于降低焦比,从而降低高炉冶炼成本。但考虑到减小焦炭使用后影响高炉“骨架”,其配加比例待高炉进一步验证。

铁精矿氧化球团回转窑直接还原试验研究

采用新疆某地生产的铁精矿氧化球团,在Φ2.8 m×48 m回转窑中试装置开展煤基直接还原试验,研究外配碳量、投料量、还原时间、供风结构等因素对铁精矿氧化球团还原效果的影响。试验结果表明,在投料量4 t/h、外配碳比40%、还原时间266 min、采用窑背风机多点供风模式下,金属化球团的金属化率可以达到87.55%。

80 kVA交流电炉熔分铜渣选尾料金属化球团 提取铁合金

铜渣选尾料是铜冶炼炉渣经过选矿工艺处理后产出的尾料,其中赋存丰富的Fe、Ni、Cu、Cr等有价金属。以回转窑还原焙烧后得到的铜渣选尾料金属化球团为研究对象,采用80 kVA交流电炉进行熔分实验,研究了额定工况下还原剂、助熔剂、沉降时间等不同工艺条件对Fe、Ni、Cu等金属回收率的影响,以及金属化球团熔分过程主要元素的迁移规律。结果表明,经回转窑还原得到的铜渣选尾料金属化球团在1530℃、熔剂率18%、沉降时间30 min工艺条件下进行电炉熔分可有效回收铁、铜等有价金属,获得高品位铁合金产品,Fe回收率达95%以上,镍、铜回收率分别达到38%和71%。元素走向分析表明,S、Pb、As等杂质元素会不同程度进入合金。

粉末压片-X射线荧光光谱法测定富硅土壤和沉积物样品中的5种重金属元素

X射线荧光光谱法测定土壤和沉积物中的重金属具有简便、快速、准确等优点,但现有的环境行业标准方法不适用于SiO 2含量大于80%的土壤和沉积物的测定。为提高X射线荧光光谱法测定土壤和沉积物中的重金属在环境监测领域中的适用性,建立基于粉末压片-X射线荧光光谱法测定富硅土壤和沉积物中重金属的分析方法。通过选取富硅的土壤和沉积物标准物质提高校准曲线的测量范围以及优化各元素的测量条件,探讨基体效应和谱线重叠干扰、研究压片制样的最佳压力等途径,测定富硅土壤和沉积物中的Pb、Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn。结果表明,在已优化的测定条件下,通过延长校准曲线的测量上限,保证待测元素含量在校准曲线范围内,同时采用经验系数法和康普顿散射内标法校正基体效应,可进一步提高方法的准确度和精密度。方法比对结果显示,X射线荧光光谱法的测定结果与原子吸收光谱法的测定结果无显著性差异。选用2种不同的富硅标准物质进一步验证方法的精密度和准确度,Pb、Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn的测定结果与标准物质认定值的对数误差为0.002~0.08,相对标准偏差为1.0%~4.6%。方法的精密度和正确度满足土壤和水系沉积物环境监测分析的技术要求,具有良好的应用前景。

Direct Reduction Process of Pellet Containing Carbon with Addition of Zn-Pb-Bearing Iron and Steel Plant Dust

The study on direct reduction process of pellet containing carbon with the addition of Zn-Pb-bearing iron and steel plant dust shows that the reduction time and pellet basicity have obvious effect on the evaporation of lead and final metallization degree of pellet.The reduction temperature has significantl influences on the lead and zinc evaporation ratios and on final metallization degree of pellet. The optimum process parameters obtained are reduction temperature of 1 250 ℃,reduction time of 25 min and pellet basicity of 0.9.

Melting of Pre-Reduced Chromite Pellet Bearing Carbon

As the raw material for hot metal containing chromium from 20% to 40%, carbon-beared chromite pellets made from three kinds of typical chromite were reduced at 1 300 ℃ for 30 min and then kept at 1 550-1 600 ℃ for 10 min. The effect of Cr 2O 3/FeO mass ratio in pellets on chromium content in hot metal and the yield of chromium were investigated. The results indicated that the highest chromium content is in hot metal produced from South African UG2 ore, but slag volume produced with Indian chromite is the smallest. The yield of chromium is only 60% to 75%, due to short melting time, high melting point and large surface tension of the slag with high Al 2O 3 and MgO content, which influences the separation between metal and slag.

Reduction and melting behavior of carbon composite lateritic bauxite pellets

Direct reduction of low-grade lateritic bauxite was studied at high temperature to recover Fe and beneficiate AlzO3 slag. The re- sults show that a metallization rate of 97.9% and a nugget recovery rate of 85.1% can be achieved when the reducing and melting tempera- tures are 1350 and 1480℃, respectively. Moreover, a higher-grade calcium aluminate slag （A1203 = 50.52wt%） can also be obtained, which is mainly composed of ct-A1203, hercynite （FeAI：O4）, and gehlenite （Ca2A12SiO7）. In addition, high-quality iron nuggets have been produced from low-grade lateritic bauxite. The nugget is mainly composed of iron （93.82wt%） and carbon （3.86wt%）, with almost no gangue （slag）.

转底炉金属化球团滚筒冷却机传热模型研究

针对目前冶金行业转底炉工艺中圆筒冷却机无法回收球团显热的问题,本文提出采用在循环流化床锅炉中广泛应用的滚筒冷却机来冷却球团的新方案,并据此建立滚筒冷却机的传热模型,通过计算得到球团终温与冷却水出口温度及冷却机的表观传热系数。结果表明:球团的终温随滚筒转速的升高而降低,随球团流量和冷却水入口温度的升高而升高;冷却水出口温度随金属化球团流量和冷却水入口温度的增大而增大;冷却机的表观传热系数随滚筒转速、球团流量和冷却水入口温度的增大而增大,随冷却水流量的增大而减小。本文引入滚筒冷却机将球团的温度从1100℃降低至70℃,同时避免球团内部的氧化问题,符合高温球团的冷却要求,证明了将滚筒冷却机用于转底炉工艺的可行性。

中频炉熔分金属化球团探索性试验研究

本文对煤基氢冶金回转窑还原氧化球团所得金属化球团在中频炉熔分开展了探索性试验。结果表明:金属化球团在中频炉可以实现熔分,渣铁分离良好,产出了含铁率99.84%的低C、低P、低S钢水,为酒钢煤基氢冶金制钢新工艺路线的优化和产业化研究提供了技术支持。

武钢转底炉生产金属化球团矿的特点及高炉操作对策

对武钢转底炉生产金属化球团矿的特点及高炉操作对策进行了阐述。结合武钢含铁固废资源开展的全流程废料结构的摸排分类和金属化球团试验,对转底炉用生球的配料和工艺参数进行了调整优化,确保了2台转底炉顺利达产,金属化球团矿的含铁量达到61.63%,脱锌率达到84%。金属化球团矿入炉后,武钢8号高炉入炉锌负荷增加到0.230kg/t,通过采取相应操作措施,促进高炉排锌,保持了炉况稳定顺行。2022年1—6月,8号高炉共使用金属化球团矿1.62万t,实现了含铁固废的有效循环利用。

金属化球团抗压强度的影响因素分析及资源化利用

为考察不同条件对转底炉金属化球团强度的影响规律,进一步优化转底炉生产参数,明确金属化球团资源化利用方向,本文通过分析典型冶金尘泥的化学成分及粒度组成,研究转底炉直接还原工艺的不同原料配比、烘干和焙烧制度、冷却及成型方式对金属化球团抗压强度的影响,并探讨转底炉金属化球团进高炉利用的可行性。试验结果表明:原料配比是影响金属化球团抗压强度的主要因素之一;当高炉旋风灰配比为56%时,金属化球团出现空壳粉化现象,调整高炉旋风灰、炼钢一次灰、二次灰、高炉布袋灰、高炉炉前灰配比为18%、20%、10%、26%、26%时,金属化球团抗压强度可达到2815 N/P;在相同配料条件下,压球工艺焙烧后的金属化球团强度明显优于造球工艺,且其转鼓强度与烧结矿相当。

气固基作用下含碳球团还原试验研究

为探究含碳球团在不同条件下的还原特点,进一步揭示其还原反应机理,本文通过热重还原试验研究温度为800~1100℃范围内含碳球团还原过程的特点,并分析不同条件下反应速率、金属化率及抗压强度等指标对球团还原过程及还原产物的影响。结果表明,在还原气氛下发生反应时,各因素对含碳球团还原过程影响的主次顺序:还原温度、碳氧比、还原气氛;在试验过程中,含碳球团的反应速率先上升后下降;适当升高温度、调节碳氧比及还原气氛组成均可促进含碳球团的还原;升高温度,金属化率也随之上升,当金属化率达到一定程度时,温度对其作用效果减弱。当还原温度为800~1000℃时,含碳球团的抗压强度随温度的升高无明显变化,当还原温度高于1000℃时,含碳球团的抗压强度得到明显提高。

转底炉金属化球团热装热送技术研究

介绍了对宝钢股份宝山基地2号转底炉金属化球团热装热送技术。该技术的应用,解决了热取料、热料运输和热装料过程中产生的金属化球团氧化、板结及冒烟等问题,使得热态金属化球团可以不需冷却直接被作为废钢原料加入鱼雷罐中,对企业节能降碳具有积极的推动作用。

钢铁厂含锌铅粉尘配碳球团的直接还原工艺

对钢铁厂含锌铅粉尘配碳球团直接还原工艺进行了研究.结果表明：生球碱度及还原时间对球团中铅挥发率和铁的金属化率有显著影响，而还原温度则对球团中锌、铅挥发率和铁的金属化率均有显著影响.在此基础上确定的最佳工艺参数为：生球碱度～0.9，还原温度和还原时间分别为1250℃和25min.

无烟煤转底炉直接还原铜渣回收铁、锌研究

以无烟煤作还原剂,经过配料、圆盘造球、转底炉直接还原和磨矿-磁选工艺流程,从国内某铜渣中回收铁、锌,先后进行了基础实验和中试研究。所得最佳还原条件为:铜渣∶无烟煤∶石灰石∶工业纯碱=100∶21.5∶10∶1,还原温度1 280℃,还原时间38 min;转底炉排出的金属化球团的磨选条件为:一段磨矿细度-0.074 mm粒级占75.88%,磁场强度143.31 kA/m,二段磨矿细度-0.074 mm粒级占62.89%,磁场强度95.54 kA/m。基于上述条件经过转底炉直接还原流程,金属化球团磁选得到金属铁粉TFe品位92.38%,铁回收率88.39%;布袋收尘系统所得粉尘中氧化锌含量为74.25%。机理研究表明,铜渣中的硅酸铁和磁铁矿经过转底炉还原后转变为金属铁,易于通过磨矿-磁选的方法回收。

钒钛磁铁矿金属化球团熔分及TiO_2富集试验研究

在实验室条件下模拟了钒钛磁铁矿金属化球团的熔分,讨论了不同碱度、熔分温度及配碳比对熔分效果、TiO2富集效果的影响。实验结果表明,当碱度为1.4、熔分温度为1 500℃、配碳比为1.2时,金属化球团的熔分效果较好,TiO2富集效果最佳,获得了TiO2含量为49.2%的富钛渣。

处理含锌铅钢铁厂粉尘的Inmetco工艺

Ｉｎｍｅｔｃｏ工艺是处理含锌铅钢铁厂粉尘的重要方法。本文在实验的基础上，对该工艺处理我国含锌铅钢铁厂粉尘的可行性和合理性作了论述。

钒钛磁铁矿直接还原试验研究

在热力学分析的基础上研究了实验室条件下钒钛磁铁矿配煤直接还原的特点,考察了还原机理及还原温度、反应时间和配碳量对金属化率的影响.结果表明:采用直接还原可使钒钛磁铁矿中铁的氧化物优先还原为金属铁,钛仍以氧化物的形态存在;随着温度升高,球团金属化率呈上升趋势,且上升趋势随之减缓;在xC/xO=0.9∶1时,延长反应时间金属化率增加,但反应时间过长金属铁会被再氧化,反应时间控制在20 min为宜;在xC/xO=1.1∶1时,40 min内未出现再氧化现象;低配碳(xC/xO=0.8∶1)时,球团的金属化率随还原时间、还原温度的增加而增加,1 300℃下还原10 min后金属化率即达到了90%以上.