Energy dissipation of a ring-like metal rubber isolator

Metal rubber （MR） is a kind of homogeneous poroelastic damping material made of metal wire. In this paper, by ana- lyzing the forces on the MR isolator and the MR element, the hysteresis loops of the force and deformation are studied and verified by experiments. The results show that the force and displacement hysteresis loop of the MR isolator is described by the force and deformation hysteresis loops of the MR elements. In addition, the relationship between the energy dissipation coefficient of the MR element and that of the MR isolator is derived. The energy dissipation coefficient is programmed and calculated by MATLAB using experimental data, and the results are compared with the theoretical value. It is the basis for the design and applied research of the MR isolator in a future study.

Damping characteristics analysis of squeeze film damper with metal rubber

A squeeze film damper (SFD) with metal rubber (MR) ring installed on the end and the radial direction of rotor are implemented in this paper. Based on the hypothesis of π film, the description of the new SFD/MR flux and nonlinear oil film damping force is derived according to the Reynolds Eq. and Darcy’s law. It proves that the SFD/MR has better damping characteristics than the traditional SFD after comparatively analyzing characteristics of oil film between the traditional short SFD and the SFD/MR.

CALCULATION OF ELASTIC DAMPING CHARACTERISTICS OF ROTOR SUPPORT MADE OF METAL RUBBER MATERIAL UNDER VARIABLE LOADS

A metal rubber（MR） dry friction damper was designed based on the load supported by the rotor. An experimental apparatus for obtaining hysteresis loops of support under the precession load was designed. The elastic-damping characteristics of the ring-shaped MR damper used as a rotor support under variable loads were presented by studying the hysteresis loops of the damper. The vibration rigidity and the energy dissipation coefficient were calculated from the hysteresis loops, based on the description of the deformation process of the MR element with simple structure in a dimensionless coordinating system. The calculation results showed that the energy dissipation coefficient in the inner of MR element and on the boundary between the damper and the frame of the rotor support were approximately equal. The comparison of the hysteresis loops for a precession load and a one-axial load indicated a large difference when the coefficient of the energy dissipation and the stiffness of the MR damper were concerned.

Lifetime of metal rubber isolator with different vibration amplitudes

The lifetime of metal rubber isolator and its characteristics during lifetime experiment were studied. The stepped-up test principle was adopted to study the lifetime of resonant frequency, the breakage form of metal rubber isolator was obtained, and the relation between the energy dissipation, resonant frequency and stiffness was obtained in (available) lifetime of the isolator. Furthermore, the reason for the changes of properties of metal rubber isolator was analyzed with contact model of metal rubber material. The results show that if the resonant amplitude is large, the stiffness of metal rubber isolator will be kept steadily for a long time, its resonant frequency will be stable and the effective working time in the protecting area will be long. The lifetime of metal rubber isolator is more than 1376 h in the experiment. The main failure forms of metal rubber isolator are accumulative wear and breaking of metal wires and spirals. In protecting area the metal rubber isolator can work effectively for a long time, and the effective working time depends on the concrete working condition.

3D Modeling of the preparation process of metal rubber material

Based on the analysis of the preparation of metal rubber （MR） and two pivotal hypotheses, the uniform distribution and the unaltered topological structure of wires in the radial direction of columns in the punch process, a 3D parametrical model was established based on four approaches： helix-making, planar roughcast-weaving, planar roughcast-rolling, and 3D roughcast punching. In the modeling process, 5 lattice types of weave patterns in planar roughcast were put forward, and 10 quantificational modeling parameters were picked up to exclusively define the column MR component structure. The wire distribution was visualized by CAD techniques. The important performance parameter of column MR components （relative density ρ^- ） can be forecasted by modeling computing, which provides the necessary foundation for the design and optimization of MR materials.

Analyses toward factors influencing sealing clearance of a metal rubber seal and derivation of a calculation formula

Sealing clearance is a key factor for a metal rubber seal＇s sealability. The expansion coef- ficient and expansion deformation in the radial direction of metal rubber have been obtained through a thermal expansion experiment of metal rubber. The influence of the elastic modulus to the sealing clearance has been analyzed theoretically. By combining the temperature and elasticity factors of metal rubber with the elastic mechanics theory, the calculation formula of the sealing clearance has been derived, and the values of the sealing clearance and the leakage rate in certain working conditions have been calculated. Experimental results are consistent with calculation results in a high degree. The calculation formula of the sealing clearance can explain the influences of the temperature and elastic modulus factors of metal rubber on the sealing clearance. It can pro- vide guidance for the study of sealing mechanism of metal rubber seals.

Potential Application of Entangled Porous Titanium Alloy Metal Rubber in Artificial Lumbar Disc Prostheses

Entangled Porous Titanium Alloy Metal Rubber(EPTA-MR)was used as a nucleus pulposus material in the design of non-fusion intervertebral disc prosthesis for the first time.A novel artificial lumbar intervertebral disc prosthesis was designed by reconstructing the lumbar model with reverse engineering technology,and the biomechanical behavior of the prosthesis was simulated under varied working conditions.The nucleus pulposus size was determined by the actual size of human prosthesis.EPTA-MR samples with different densities were prepared by medical titanium alloy wire experimental studies were conducted on static stiffness,damping energy consumption,and fatigue life.The results indicated that the static stiffness of EPTA-MR could reach approximately 1500 N mm and its loss factor remained higher than 0.2,and the variation range was relatively small,with excellent vibration damping capacity and bearing capacity.Among them,the overall performance of EPTA-MR with a density of 2.5 g em 3 was closer to that of the physiologic intervertebral disc.A macro experiment of five million fatigue vibration tests combined with microstructure observation exhibited a wear rate of only 0.9396 g-MC with no noticeable change in the internal micro-morphology.Therefore,the EPTA-MR has a broad application prospect as the nucleus pulposus material of artificial intervertebral disc prosthesis.

Dry friction damping mechanism of flexible microporous metal rubber based on cell group energy dissipation mechanism

Flexible microporous metal rubber (FMP-MR) is a high-damping material that dissipates energy by dry friction through internal spiral metal wires in contact with each other. However, the FMP-MR energy dissipation mechanism is not fully understood owing to its disordered grid interpenetrating structure. In this work, computer-aided preparation technology is used to accurately reconstruct the complex spiral network structure of FMP-MR multipoint random contact, and a cell group model with an energy dissipation mechanism is proposed to obtain the dynamic energy distribution of the contact friction in both space and time dimensions. By judging the effective contact point, a global displacement ablation phenomenon of hooked staggered porous materials is induced. The macro- and micro-equivalent frictions are introduced to effectively explain the characteristics of the strong energy dissipation in FMP-MR under fretting excitation. A real and effective damping hysteresis constitutive model is then constructed to dynamically capture the mapping relationship between the complex nonlinear topological structure effect of the materials and spatial random contact dry friction in real time. The results indicate that the contact behavior between turns of the FMP-MR wire follows a clear quasi-Gaussian distribution under an external load, forcing the topological results to change. The energy dissipation of the materials revealed peak energy consumption lagging behind the loading limit for a certain distance, which can be determined by the effective contact point and contact dry friction slip. The consistency between the quasi-static compression tests and constitutive curves of the model was quantitatively verified through residual analysis. The data demonstrated the differential behavior of the FMP-MR meso-structure to follow a phased growth law during loading with different action mechanisms in the guiding, main growth, and relaxation stages of the energy consumption displacement curve. In summary, these findings provide an acceptable theoretical basis for the damping energy consumption mechanism and lifetime prediction of FMP-MR.

Calculation of resonant sound absorption parameters for performance evaluation of metal rubber material

The first resonant(anti-resonant)frequency and sound absorption coefficient of metal rubber(MR) material are theoretically studied with hard backed samples and with air layer.The equations of the first resonant and anti-resonant frequencies of MR are deduced from the undamped propagation characteristics of porous material.The first resonant and anti-resonance sound absorption coefficients are induced according to the theoretical formula for the acoustic characteristic parameters of MR,and the former is modified while the energy consumption at resonance is taken into consideration.The good agreement between the calculation results of these resonant sound absorption parameters and the experimental results verifies the effectiveness of this calculation method for the performance evaluation of MR as a sound absorption material.

Dynamics Analysis of Nonlinear Energy Sink for Metal-Rubber Vibration Absorber

Recent advances in the application of the nonlinear energy sink under a sinusoidal excitation make it possible to investigate metal-rubber vibration absorber. To provide such a vibration absorber for the integrated spacecraft platform,we analyze the targeted energy transfer of the simplified model with nonlinear energy sink using the complex-variables averaging method. Theoretical study shows two quasi-periodic responses that are essentially different in this nonlinear system. The steady-state response which is one of two quasi-periodic responses is caused by the linear instability of system,and another one appears as a result of the nonlinear normal modes between the linear and nonlinear oscillators,resulting from the energy transfer of different oscillators,and it can be used to vibration absorber. Secondly,this paper also discusses the performance of the proposed nonlinear absorber by using the phase portraits. All conclusion derived by the analytic model is verified numerically and the results are consistent with numerical simulations.

ANALYSIS ON INFILTRATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF DEFORMABLE POROUS MATAL RUBBER MATERIAL AND PARAMATERS IDENTIFICATION

The effect of deformation of porous material on infiltrative performance is investigated. Based on Darcy theory and Boit principle, the Reynolds equation and mathematical expression of deformable metal rubber （MR） material under laminar flow are obtained according to the change of porosity of metal rubber. It is shown that the throttle of MR material is dependent on its porosity and diameter of metal wires. It will be of great value for the application of MR in throttle field.

金属橡胶复合隔振器的动静态性能

设计一种对称式金属橡胶与线弹簧复合的隔振器,基于整体隔振,考虑安装板的柔性因素,建立相应的等效线性动力学模型.通过准静态力学试验,分析线弹簧刚度、金属橡胶密度和加载位移对金属橡胶复合隔振器准静态性能的影响.同时,进行随机振动试验,研究金属橡胶复合隔振器在整体隔振中的隔振性能.试验结果表明,复合样件的刚度特性趋向于线性效果.金属橡胶复合隔振器在谐振点处的峰值衰减是线弹簧隔振器的5倍以上,且系统的随机振动响应在频段0.12~2.00 kHz内都有较大程度的衰减.

新型三明治夹芯金属橡胶毡垫本构模型研究

对新型三明治夹芯金属橡胶毡垫的本构模型开展了预测研究.在分别考虑由上、下金属丝表层与不同丝材和丝径相互混压而成的多层夹芯结构形式的基础上,基于微弹簧单元理论和串/并联刚度分析法,创建了新型三明治夹芯金属橡胶毡垫的本构模型.定义了未接触、滑移接触和挤压接触3种接触状态,在推导获得不同接触状态下该毡垫的加载和卸载刚度后,实现了应力-应变曲线的预测.最后,对由铜丝和不锈钢丝构成的多款三明治夹芯金属橡胶毡垫样件开展了准静态压缩测试.实验结果表明,所建立的本构模型的最大刚度预测误差为9.1%,最大损耗因子预测误差为10.7%,具有较好的预测能力,且新型金属橡胶毡垫相比于传统金属橡胶毡垫具有更好的减振能力.相关研究成果可为新型金属橡胶毡垫构成的结构系统的关键力学参数计算与分析,提供重要的模型工具.

基于金属橡胶的轻质波纹型夹层结构静态力学性能

利用金属橡胶制备一种波纹夹芯板,通过试验和有限元分别研究结构的宏观及微观力学特性,为加快计算速率,构建有限元等效模型研究不同材料参数对结构力学性能的影响,并进行试验验证。结果表明,金属橡胶波纹夹芯板受载条件下会存在两个阶段:平台阶段与致密阶段,相较于传统波纹夹芯板,其平台阶段加长且吸能效果提高。结合试验和有限元发现导致这两个阶段的原因是,结构在受载条件下会存在极限载荷致使夹芯层屈曲变形从而使结构内部空隙减少,结构进一步受载达到致密阶段。通过两者的对比验证了研究结果的有效性,为金属橡胶波纹夹层板的未来设计和应用提供了指导。

二级柔性减振系统设计及力学性能分析

为解决二级减振引起个别仪器振动的局部放大、使得力学环境不能满足运行要求的问题,首先,针对金属橡胶双层减振系统,充分考虑安装板的柔性刚度,建立了刚柔复合的二级减振系统模型;其次,基于目标频率对二级减振的频率响应函数进行系统的刚度解耦,实现了减振器刚度的求解,并应用有限元进行随机振动分析,验证了刚柔复合二级减振系统理论模型的可行性;最后,利用振动台进行了试验验证。结果表明,当二级减振系统满足工程刚度需求,其一阶固有频率低于40 Hz时,减振效率可达到70%以上,试验与仿真结果基本一致。

用于电梯曳引机减振的MR-SRC减振器设计与分析

针对现有曳引机减振常采用的高分子减振垫因环境因素而引发性能大幅退化问题,以电梯曳引机减振器的工程应用需求为导向,确定减振器所需阻尼元件的刚度后,采用真空渗流技术将硅橡胶填充入金属橡胶孔隙并形成包覆,研制出一款耐环境影响的高性能金属橡胶/硅橡胶连续互穿相复合减振材料(metal rubber-silicone rubber continuous interwoven phase composite damping material, MR-SRC)。然后基于实际结构建立电梯曳引机的有限元数值模型。对加装MR-SRC减振器前后的电梯曳引机进行了模态分析,确定了整体结构的固有频率和振型。对MR-SRC减振器进行冲击响应分析,对比不同MR-SRC材料和冲击载荷对响应的影响,校核减振器的强度。接着,基于MR-SRC的近似等效,对减振器系统的冲击响应进行了理论计算,得出金属橡胶密度为1.8 g/cm^(3)的MR-SRC减振器对减振效果最佳。最后将所制备的MR-SRC减振器安装于实际电梯曳引机,按照电梯减振国标要求,测试电梯在运行过程中的加速度和速度变化,计算并校核电梯运行的相关特性参数。该文章提出的减振器为电梯安全可靠运行提供了一种新途径。

橡皮圈联合金属夹的内牵引技术在内镜黏膜下剥离术中的临床应用

目的分析橡皮圈联合金属夹的内牵引技术在内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)中的应用效果。方法选取2022年1月至12月赣州市人民医院收治的行ESD治疗的60例患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组与观察组,各30例。对照组采用传统ESD治疗,观察组采用橡皮圈联合金属夹的内牵引技术辅助ESD治疗。比较两组的手术情况、并发症、随访情况。结果两组的病灶面积、一次性完整切除病变率、并发症发生率及复发率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组单位时间切除率高于对照组,黏膜暴露到完整剥离时间、手术时间、住院时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);随访3个月,两组均无原发病灶残留,内镜复查显示手术创面均愈合良好;均未出现复发。结论橡皮圈联合金属夹的内牵引技术在ESD中作用明显,可充分暴露创面视野,有助于提高剥离精准度,缩短手术时间,能够减少ESD手术并发症及麻醉发生风险,促进恢复,临床应用价值较高,值得临床行大力地推广与应用。

微波消解—电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪测定天然橡胶中六种重金属元素

建立了微波消解—电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪(ICP—OES)对天然橡胶中六种重金属元素(Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Zn)同时进行测定的方法,旨在为天然橡胶多元素的测定提供参考。天然橡胶样品经微波消解处理,消解后的溶液经ICP—OES测定。结果表明,该方法检出限较低,对六种重金属元素在0.1~2.0 mg/L质量浓度范围内均能够表现出良好的线性关系,相关系数在0.9999以上,检出限在0.05~0.5 mg/kg,加标回收率在87.2%~94.2%。微波消解法操作简便、消解时间短,可应用于大批量样品的检验分析。该方法可用于天然橡胶中重金属含量的测定,并为天然橡胶质量标准体系的完善提供可靠依据。

高速冲击下金属橡胶动态力学特性研究

为探讨金属橡胶在高速冲击环境下的动态力学性能,制备了圆柱实心金属橡胶试件,使用分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)开展了金属橡胶的动态压缩试验。分析了金属橡胶动态应力-应变规律,探讨应变速率和弹簧卷外径对金属橡胶的动态弹性模量、动态峰值应力、能量吸收和理想能量吸收效率的影响规律。结果表明,动态应力-应变曲线分为弹性形变阶段、局部塑性变形阶段和破坏阶段,动态弹性模量和动态峰值应力均表现出典型的应变速率效应,且均随弹簧卷外径的增大而减小。此外,随着应变增大,能量吸收性能随应变速率增大而逐渐变好,随弹簧卷外径的减小而逐渐变好。理想吸能效率受应变速率影响很小,但随应变增大而逐渐增高并趋于饱和,其饱和值均大于0.75,弹簧卷外径为3 mm时,金属橡胶的理想吸能效率最优,其饱和值达到0.88,表明金属橡胶材料在高速冲击下有良好的吸能抗冲击作用。

Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen in Open Graded Wearing Course of Flexible Pavement

Rapid road infrastructure development due to an increasing demand of car users resulted in an increase in paved areas including road sites and suppression of green spaces. An integrated solution that can support a country’s economic development without compromising water pollution is becoming inevitable. Recycling tyres in the form of crumb rubber tyres and mixing it into bituminous paving mixture can increase the recycling rate and minimize cost of incineration process. In dry mixing process, five (5) different variations of Open Graded Wearing (OGW) course road samples were made to make up 1.15 kg in each sample. Each OGW mix contained 4% - 6% bitumen Pen 60/ 70 and fixed 1% of crumb rubber tyres, making the percentage of crumb rubber tyres 14% - 20% of bituminous samples. Bitumen Pen 60/70 mixed with 20% crumb rubber tyres content met the PG 76 bitumen properties. Physical properties of OGW made from crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB) were better than standard bitumen only. In a separate water leachate test using ICP-OES equipment, heavy metal leachate of Cu(II), Pb(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) were present in all OGW CRMB samples at increasing surrounding water temperature from 25℃ to 60℃. However all the heavy metal concentration was very low below the allowable limit of trade effluent standards into water course.