Despite the growing demand for transparent conductive films in smart and wearable electronics for electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding,achieving a flexible EMI shielding film,while maintaining a high transmittan...Despite the growing demand for transparent conductive films in smart and wearable electronics for electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding,achieving a flexible EMI shielding film,while maintaining a high transmittance remains a significant challenge.Herein,a flexible,transparent,and conductive copper(Cu)metal mesh film for EMI shielding is fabricated by self-forming crackle template method and electroplating technique.The Cu mesh film shows an ultra-low sheet resistance(0.18Ω□^(-1)),high transmittance(85.8%@550 nm),and ultra-high figure of merit(>13,000).It also has satisfactory stretchability and mechanical stability,with a resistance increases of only 1.3%after 1,000 bending cycles.As a stretchable heater(ε>30%),the saturation temperature of the film can reach over 110°C within 60 s at 1.00 V applied voltage.Moreover,the metal mesh film exhibits outstanding average EMI shielding effectiveness of 40.4 dB in the X-band at the thickness of 2.5μm.As a demonstration,it is used as a transparent window for shielding the wireless communication electromagnetic waves.Therefore,the flexible and transparent conductive Cu mesh film proposed in this work provides a promising candidate for the next-generation EMI shielding applications.展开更多
The study for the interface of as-grown diamond and metallic film surrounding diamond is an attractive way for understanding diamond growth mechanism at high temperature and high pressure (HTHP), because it is that th...The study for the interface of as-grown diamond and metallic film surrounding diamond is an attractive way for understanding diamond growth mechanism at high temperature and high pressure (HTHP), because it is that through the interface carbon atom groups from the molten film are transported to growing diamond surface. It is of great interest to perform atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiment; which provides a unique technique different from that of normal optical and electron microscopy studies, to observe the interface morphology. In the present paper, we report first that the morphologies obtained by AFM on the film are similar to those of corresponding diamond surface, and they are the remaining traces after the carbon groups moving from the film to growing diamond. The fine particles and a terrace structure with homogeneous average step height are respectively found on the diamond (100) and (111) surface. Diamond growth conditions show that its growth rates and the temperature gradients in the boundary layer of the molten film at HTHP result in the differences of surface morphologies on diamond planes, being rough on (100) plane and even on the (111) plane. The diamond growth on the (100) surface at HPHT could be considered as a process of unification of these diamond fine particles or of carbon atom groups recombination on the growing diamond crystal surface. Successive growth layer steps directly suggest the layer growth mechanism of the diamond (111) plane. The sources of the layer steps might be two-dimensional nuclei and dislocations.展开更多
Incorporation of metallic fibers into the adhesive layer can significantly improve the mechanical behavior of the adhesive joint. This paper aims to assess the fracture behavior of an epoxy adhesive reinforced by long...Incorporation of metallic fibers into the adhesive layer can significantly improve the mechanical behavior of the adhesive joint. This paper aims to assess the fracture behavior of an epoxy adhesive reinforced by longitudinal and lateral metallic fibers. Double cantilever beam(DCB) specimens were used to obtain the fracture energy of both non-reinforced and reinforced adhesives under mode I loading condition. In addition to the fiber orientation, the distance between the metal fibers was considered as the second key parameter in the experiments. It was concluded that although incorporation of metallic fibers in the adhesive layer improves the fracture behavior of neat adhesive, however, higher improvements were observed for the adhesive reinforced with longitudinal fibers. Furthermore, reducing the fiber distances resulted in higher values of fracture energy.展开更多
Despite the presence of Li F components in the solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)formed on the graphite anode surface by conventional electrolyte,these Li F components primarily exist in an amorphous state,rendering th...Despite the presence of Li F components in the solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)formed on the graphite anode surface by conventional electrolyte,these Li F components primarily exist in an amorphous state,rendering them incapable of effectively inhibiting the exchange reaction between lithium ions and transition metal ions in the electrolyte.Consequently,nearly all lithium ions within the SEI film are replaced by transition metal ions,resulting in an increase in interphacial impedance and a decrease in stability.Herein,we demonstrate that the SEI film,constructed by fluoroethylene carbonate(FEC)additive rich in crystalline Li F,effectively inhibits the undesired Li^(+)/Co^(2+)ion exchange reaction,thereby suppressing the deposition of cobalt compounds and metallic cobalt.Furthermore,the deposited cobalt compounds exhibit enhanced structural stability and reduced catalytic activity with minimal impact on the interphacial stability of the graphite anode.Our findings reveal the crucial influence of SEI film composition and structure on the deposition and hazards associated with transition metal ions,providing valuable guidance for designing next-generation electrolytes.展开更多
icrostructures of two Yba_2Cu_3O_(7-y) (YBCO) film deposited on metal substrate (HastelloyC) with yttriastabilized zirconia (YSZ) buffer layer were studied comparatively. Relation of microstructure with deposition con...icrostructures of two Yba_2Cu_3O_(7-y) (YBCO) film deposited on metal substrate (HastelloyC) with yttriastabilized zirconia (YSZ) buffer layer were studied comparatively. Relation of microstructure with deposition condition was also been discussed. The YSZ buffer layer with a low depositing rate is dense, even, textured and wellbonded to the substrate. On the contrary, the YSZ layer deposited with a high rate is loose and bonded badly to the substrate. Property and surface grain size of YBCO film are related to the substrate temperature (Ts) in the deposition process.展开更多
Aluminum-doped ZnO(AZO) thin films with thin film metallic glass of Zr(50)Cu(50) as buffer are prepared on glass substrates by the pulsed laser deposition. The influence of buffer thickness and substrate temperature o...Aluminum-doped ZnO(AZO) thin films with thin film metallic glass of Zr(50)Cu(50) as buffer are prepared on glass substrates by the pulsed laser deposition. The influence of buffer thickness and substrate temperature on structural, optical, and electrical properties of AZO thin film are investigated. Increasing the thickness of buffer layer and substrate temperature can both promote the transformation of AZO from amorphous to crystalline structure, while they show(100)and(002) unique preferential orientations, respectively. After inserting Zr(50)Cu(50) layer between the glass substrate and AZO film, the sheet resistance and visible transmittance decrease, but the infrared transmittance increases. With substrate temperature increasing from 25℃ to 520℃, the sheet resistance of AZO(100 nm)/Zr(50)Cu(50)(4 nm) film first increases and then decreases, and the infrared transmittance is improved. The AZO(100 nm)/Zr(50)Cu(50)(4 nm) film deposited at a substrate temperature of 360℃ exhibits a low sheet resistance of 26.7 ?/, high transmittance of 82.1% in the visible light region, 81.6% in near-infrared region, and low surface roughness of 0.85 nm, which are useful properties for their potential applications in tandem solar cell and infrared technology.展开更多
In light of the nanostructured surface model, where half-spherical nanoparticles grow out symmetrically from a plane metallic film, the mathematical model for the partial electrical potential around nanospheres is dev...In light of the nanostructured surface model, where half-spherical nanoparticles grow out symmetrically from a plane metallic film, the mathematical model for the partial electrical potential around nanospheres is developed when a uniform external electric field is applied. On the basis of these models, the three-dimensional spatial distribution of the partial electrical potential is obtained and given in the form of a curved surface using a numerical computation method. Our results show that the electrical potential distribution around the nanospheres exhibits an obvious geometrical symmetry. These results could serve as a reference for investigating many abnormal phenomena such as abnormal infrared effects, which are found when CO molecules are adsorbed on the surface of nanostructured transition metals.展开更多
Taking into account the quantum size effect and the spin dependence of the electronic band structure,and including the spin dependence of the scattering from bulk impurities and two different sets of surface roughness...Taking into account the quantum size effect and the spin dependence of the electronic band structure,and including the spin dependence of the scattering from bulk impurities and two different sets of surface roughness,wepresent a theory on the electronic transport in magnetic film,in which the average autocorrelation function (ACF) forsurface roughness is described by a Gaussion model.Our result shows that the conductivity is a sensitive function ofsurface roughness and exchange energy.It is also found that in the thin film limit and in the lower-order approximationof the surface scattering,the total conductivity is given by a sum of conductivities of all the subbands and the two spinchannels,for each subband and each spin channel the scattering rates due to the impurities and two surfaces are additive.展开更多
Microstructures of surface layer (near diamond) of the metallic film from Fe Ni C system are composed of (Fe,Ni) 3C, (Fe,Ni) 23 C 6 and γ (Fe,Ni), from which it can be assumed that graphite isnt directly catalyzed ...Microstructures of surface layer (near diamond) of the metallic film from Fe Ni C system are composed of (Fe,Ni) 3C, (Fe,Ni) 23 C 6 and γ (Fe,Ni), from which it can be assumed that graphite isnt directly catalyzed into diamond through the film and there exists a transition phase (Fe,Ni) 3C that can decompose into diamond structure. AFM morphologies on the film/diamond interface are traces preserved after carbon groups moving from the film to diamond. The morphologies on the as grown diamond are similar to those on corresponding films, being spherical on (100) face and sawtooth like steps on (111) face. Diamond growth rates and temperature gradients in boundary layer of the molten film at HPHT result in morphology differences.展开更多
As electrodes and electrical interconnects in flexible electronic devices,metal films are one of the weakest components in the system against mechanical deformation in daily use.Fatigue reliability at nanoscale become...As electrodes and electrical interconnects in flexible electronic devices,metal films are one of the weakest components in the system against mechanical deformation in daily use.Fatigue reliability at nanoscale becomes a practical concern for these flexible electronic devices.This review introduces state-of-the-art fatigue testing techniques and evaluation methods for thin metal films and conductive interconnect materials constrained by a substrate.Then,experimental results about fatigue damage behaviors,fatigue properties and fatigue life prediction are summarized.Furthermore,fundamental insights into fatigue mechanisms of metals at the nanoscale and the size effects on fatigue properties are elucidated.Finally,the perspectives of studies on fatigue of thin metal films constrained by a substrate are proposed.展开更多
A dispersion compensation method is introduced to correct the distorted image passing through an ultrathin metal film.An LCD-CCD system is modeled by the back propagation network and used to evaluate the transmittance...A dispersion compensation method is introduced to correct the distorted image passing through an ultrathin metal film.An LCD-CCD system is modeled by the back propagation network and used to evaluate the transmittance of the ultrathin metal film.Training samples for the network come from 729 images captured by shooting test patches,in which the RGB values are uniformity distributed between 0 and 255.The RGB value of the original image that will be distorted by the dispersion is first transformed by mapping from the LCD to the CCD,multiplied by the inverse matrix of the transmittance matrix,and finally transformed by mapping from the CCD to the LCD,then the corrected image is obtained.In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method,ultrathin aluminum films with different thicknesses are evaporated on glass substrates and laid between the CCD and LCD.Experimental results show that the proposed method compensates for the dispersion successfully.展开更多
We fabricate a series of periodic arrays of subwavelength square and rectangular air holes on gold films, and measure the transmission spectra of these metallic nanostructures. By changing some geometrical and physica...We fabricate a series of periodic arrays of subwavelength square and rectangular air holes on gold films, and measure the transmission spectra of these metallic nanostructures. By changing some geometrical and physical parameters, such as array period, air hole size and shape, and the incident light polarization, we verify that both global surface plasmon resonance and localized waveguide mode resonance are influential on enhancing the transmission of light through nanostructured metal films. These two resonances induce different behaviours of transmission peak shift. The transmission through the rectangular air-hole structures exhibits an obvious polarization effect dependent on the morphology. Numerical simulations are also made by a plane-wave transfer-matrix method and in good consistency with the experimental results.展开更多
The Ni(OH) 2 film electrodes doped respectively with alkali-earth metal aluminum, lead, partial transition metal and some rare-earth metal(altogether 17 kinds of metals) ions were prepared by cathode electrodeposition...The Ni(OH) 2 film electrodes doped respectively with alkali-earth metal aluminum, lead, partial transition metal and some rare-earth metal(altogether 17 kinds of metals) ions were prepared by cathode electrodeposition. The electrode reaction reversibility, the difficult extent of oxygen evolution, the proton diffusion coefficient, the discharge potential of middle value and the active material utilization of the Ni(OH) 2 film electrode were compared with those of the ones doped with the metal ions by means of cyclic voltammetry, potential step and constant current charge-discharge experiments. It was found that Ca 2+ , Co 2+ , Cd 2+ , Al 3+ etc. have obviously positive effect.展开更多
Stability of liquid metal film flow under gradient magnetic field is investigated. Three dimensional numerical simulations on magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) effect of free surface film flow were carried out, with emphas...Stability of liquid metal film flow under gradient magnetic field is investigated. Three dimensional numerical simulations on magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) effect of free surface film flow were carried out, with emphasis on the film thickness variation and its surface stability. Three different MHD phenomena of film flow were observed in the experiment, namely, retardant, rivulet and flat film flow. From our experiment and numerical simulation it can be concluded that flat film flow is a good choice for plasma-facing components (PFCs)展开更多
The deposition of metal oxide films using Spray Pyrolysis Technique (SPT) is investigated through mathematical and physical modeling. A comprehensive model is developed in the processes including atomization, spray, e...The deposition of metal oxide films using Spray Pyrolysis Technique (SPT) is investigated through mathematical and physical modeling. A comprehensive model is developed in the processes including atomization, spray, evaporation, chemical reaction and deposition. The predicted results including particle size and film thickness are compared with the experimental data obtained in a complementary study. The predicted film thickness is in a good agreement with the measurements when the temperature is high enough for the chemical reaction to proceed. The model also adequately predicts the size distribution when the nanocrystals are well-structured at controlled temperature and concentration.展开更多
Dual-phase metallic glasses(DP-MGs),a special member of the MGs family,often reveal unusual strength and ductility,yet,their corrosion behaviors are not understood.Here,we developed a nanostructured Mg_(57)Zn_(36)Ca_(...Dual-phase metallic glasses(DP-MGs),a special member of the MGs family,often reveal unusual strength and ductility,yet,their corrosion behaviors are not understood.Here,we developed a nanostructured Mg_(57)Zn_(36)Ca_(7)(at.%)DP-MG and uncovered its corrosion mechanism in simulated body fluid(SBF)at the near-atomic scale utilizing transmission electron microscope(TEM)and atom probe tomography(APT).The 10-nm-wide Ca-rich amorphous phases allow oxygen propagation into the DP-MG,resulting in a micrometer thick hydroxides/oxides layer.This dense corrosion layer protects the DP-MG from further corrosion,enabling a corrosion rate that is 77%lower than that of Mg(99.99%purity).展开更多
A squeeze film damper (SFD) with metal rubber (MR) ring installed on the end and the radial direction of rotor are implemented in this paper. Based on the hypothesis of π film, the description of the new SFD/MR flux ...A squeeze film damper (SFD) with metal rubber (MR) ring installed on the end and the radial direction of rotor are implemented in this paper. Based on the hypothesis of π film, the description of the new SFD/MR flux and nonlinear oil film damping force is derived according to the Reynolds Eq. and Darcy’s law. It proves that the SFD/MR has better damping characteristics than the traditional SFD after comparatively analyzing characteristics of oil film between the traditional short SFD and the SFD/MR.展开更多
Numerical and experimental investigation results on the magnetohydrodynamics(MHD) film flows along flat and curved bottom surfaces are summarized in this study. A simplified modeling has been developed to study the ...Numerical and experimental investigation results on the magnetohydrodynamics(MHD) film flows along flat and curved bottom surfaces are summarized in this study. A simplified modeling has been developed to study the liquid metal MHD film state, which has been validated by the existing experimental results. Numerical results on how the inlet velocity(V), the chute width(W) and the inlet film thickness(d0) affect the MHD film flow state are obtained. MHD stability analysis results are also provided in this study. The results show that strong magnetic fields make the stable V decrease several times compared to the case with no magnetic field,especially small radial magnetic fields(Bn) will have a significant impact on the MHD film flow state. Based on the above numerical and MHD stability analysis results flow control methods are proposed for flat and curved MHD film flows. For curved film flow we firstly proposed a new multi-layers MHD film flow system with a solid metal mesh to get the stable MHD film flows along the curved bottom surface. Experiments on flat and curved MHD film flows are also carried out and some firstly observed results are achieved.展开更多
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.523712475,2072415 and 62101352)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(RCBS20210706092343016).
文摘Despite the growing demand for transparent conductive films in smart and wearable electronics for electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding,achieving a flexible EMI shielding film,while maintaining a high transmittance remains a significant challenge.Herein,a flexible,transparent,and conductive copper(Cu)metal mesh film for EMI shielding is fabricated by self-forming crackle template method and electroplating technique.The Cu mesh film shows an ultra-low sheet resistance(0.18Ω□^(-1)),high transmittance(85.8%@550 nm),and ultra-high figure of merit(>13,000).It also has satisfactory stretchability and mechanical stability,with a resistance increases of only 1.3%after 1,000 bending cycles.As a stretchable heater(ε>30%),the saturation temperature of the film can reach over 110°C within 60 s at 1.00 V applied voltage.Moreover,the metal mesh film exhibits outstanding average EMI shielding effectiveness of 40.4 dB in the X-band at the thickness of 2.5μm.As a demonstration,it is used as a transparent window for shielding the wireless communication electromagnetic waves.Therefore,the flexible and transparent conductive Cu mesh film proposed in this work provides a promising candidate for the next-generation EMI shielding applications.
基金This work was co-supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province in China (Grant No.Y2002F06), and Education Ministry Foundation of China (Grant No.20020422035).
文摘The study for the interface of as-grown diamond and metallic film surrounding diamond is an attractive way for understanding diamond growth mechanism at high temperature and high pressure (HTHP), because it is that through the interface carbon atom groups from the molten film are transported to growing diamond surface. It is of great interest to perform atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiment; which provides a unique technique different from that of normal optical and electron microscopy studies, to observe the interface morphology. In the present paper, we report first that the morphologies obtained by AFM on the film are similar to those of corresponding diamond surface, and they are the remaining traces after the carbon groups moving from the film to growing diamond. The fine particles and a terrace structure with homogeneous average step height are respectively found on the diamond (100) and (111) surface. Diamond growth conditions show that its growth rates and the temperature gradients in the boundary layer of the molten film at HTHP result in the differences of surface morphologies on diamond planes, being rough on (100) plane and even on the (111) plane. The diamond growth on the (100) surface at HPHT could be considered as a process of unification of these diamond fine particles or of carbon atom groups recombination on the growing diamond crystal surface. Successive growth layer steps directly suggest the layer growth mechanism of the diamond (111) plane. The sources of the layer steps might be two-dimensional nuclei and dislocations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51165038)the Doctoral Startup Fund of Nanchang Hangkong University (No.EA201103238)the Korean Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy through the project entitled as "The Development of Structural Metallic Materials and Parts with Super Strength and High Performance"
文摘Incorporation of metallic fibers into the adhesive layer can significantly improve the mechanical behavior of the adhesive joint. This paper aims to assess the fracture behavior of an epoxy adhesive reinforced by longitudinal and lateral metallic fibers. Double cantilever beam(DCB) specimens were used to obtain the fracture energy of both non-reinforced and reinforced adhesives under mode I loading condition. In addition to the fiber orientation, the distance between the metal fibers was considered as the second key parameter in the experiments. It was concluded that although incorporation of metallic fibers in the adhesive layer improves the fracture behavior of neat adhesive, however, higher improvements were observed for the adhesive reinforced with longitudinal fibers. Furthermore, reducing the fiber distances resulted in higher values of fracture energy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21972049,21573080)。
文摘Despite the presence of Li F components in the solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)formed on the graphite anode surface by conventional electrolyte,these Li F components primarily exist in an amorphous state,rendering them incapable of effectively inhibiting the exchange reaction between lithium ions and transition metal ions in the electrolyte.Consequently,nearly all lithium ions within the SEI film are replaced by transition metal ions,resulting in an increase in interphacial impedance and a decrease in stability.Herein,we demonstrate that the SEI film,constructed by fluoroethylene carbonate(FEC)additive rich in crystalline Li F,effectively inhibits the undesired Li^(+)/Co^(2+)ion exchange reaction,thereby suppressing the deposition of cobalt compounds and metallic cobalt.Furthermore,the deposited cobalt compounds exhibit enhanced structural stability and reduced catalytic activity with minimal impact on the interphacial stability of the graphite anode.Our findings reveal the crucial influence of SEI film composition and structure on the deposition and hazards associated with transition metal ions,providing valuable guidance for designing next-generation electrolytes.
文摘icrostructures of two Yba_2Cu_3O_(7-y) (YBCO) film deposited on metal substrate (HastelloyC) with yttriastabilized zirconia (YSZ) buffer layer were studied comparatively. Relation of microstructure with deposition condition was also been discussed. The YSZ buffer layer with a low depositing rate is dense, even, textured and wellbonded to the substrate. On the contrary, the YSZ layer deposited with a high rate is loose and bonded badly to the substrate. Property and surface grain size of YBCO film are related to the substrate temperature (Ts) in the deposition process.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51571085)the Key Science and Technology Program of Henan Province,China(Grant No.19212210210)+1 种基金the Foundation of Henan Educational Committee,China(Grant No.13B430019)the Henan Postdoctoral Science Foundation,China。
文摘Aluminum-doped ZnO(AZO) thin films with thin film metallic glass of Zr(50)Cu(50) as buffer are prepared on glass substrates by the pulsed laser deposition. The influence of buffer thickness and substrate temperature on structural, optical, and electrical properties of AZO thin film are investigated. Increasing the thickness of buffer layer and substrate temperature can both promote the transformation of AZO from amorphous to crystalline structure, while they show(100)and(002) unique preferential orientations, respectively. After inserting Zr(50)Cu(50) layer between the glass substrate and AZO film, the sheet resistance and visible transmittance decrease, but the infrared transmittance increases. With substrate temperature increasing from 25℃ to 520℃, the sheet resistance of AZO(100 nm)/Zr(50)Cu(50)(4 nm) film first increases and then decreases, and the infrared transmittance is improved. The AZO(100 nm)/Zr(50)Cu(50)(4 nm) film deposited at a substrate temperature of 360℃ exhibits a low sheet resistance of 26.7 ?/, high transmittance of 82.1% in the visible light region, 81.6% in near-infrared region, and low surface roughness of 0.85 nm, which are useful properties for their potential applications in tandem solar cell and infrared technology.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China(Grant No.2010J01210)
文摘In light of the nanostructured surface model, where half-spherical nanoparticles grow out symmetrically from a plane metallic film, the mathematical model for the partial electrical potential around nanospheres is developed when a uniform external electric field is applied. On the basis of these models, the three-dimensional spatial distribution of the partial electrical potential is obtained and given in the form of a curved surface using a numerical computation method. Our results show that the electrical potential distribution around the nanospheres exhibits an obvious geometrical symmetry. These results could serve as a reference for investigating many abnormal phenomena such as abnormal infrared effects, which are found when CO molecules are adsorbed on the surface of nanostructured transition metals.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Education Bureau of Jiangsu Province of China under Grant No.05KJB140008the"333"Project Funds of Jiangsu Province of China
文摘Taking into account the quantum size effect and the spin dependence of the electronic band structure,and including the spin dependence of the scattering from bulk impurities and two different sets of surface roughness,wepresent a theory on the electronic transport in magnetic film,in which the average autocorrelation function (ACF) forsurface roughness is described by a Gaussion model.Our result shows that the conductivity is a sensitive function ofsurface roughness and exchange energy.It is also found that in the thin film limit and in the lower-order approximationof the surface scattering,the total conductivity is given by a sum of conductivities of all the subbands and the two spinchannels,for each subband and each spin channel the scattering rates due to the impurities and two surfaces are additive.
文摘Microstructures of surface layer (near diamond) of the metallic film from Fe Ni C system are composed of (Fe,Ni) 3C, (Fe,Ni) 23 C 6 and γ (Fe,Ni), from which it can be assumed that graphite isnt directly catalyzed into diamond through the film and there exists a transition phase (Fe,Ni) 3C that can decompose into diamond structure. AFM morphologies on the film/diamond interface are traces preserved after carbon groups moving from the film to diamond. The morphologies on the as grown diamond are similar to those on corresponding films, being spherical on (100) face and sawtooth like steps on (111) face. Diamond growth rates and temperature gradients in boundary layer of the molten film at HPHT result in morphology differences.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, Grant Nos. 51601198, 51671050 and 51571199)
文摘As electrodes and electrical interconnects in flexible electronic devices,metal films are one of the weakest components in the system against mechanical deformation in daily use.Fatigue reliability at nanoscale becomes a practical concern for these flexible electronic devices.This review introduces state-of-the-art fatigue testing techniques and evaluation methods for thin metal films and conductive interconnect materials constrained by a substrate.Then,experimental results about fatigue damage behaviors,fatigue properties and fatigue life prediction are summarized.Furthermore,fundamental insights into fatigue mechanisms of metals at the nanoscale and the size effects on fatigue properties are elucidated.Finally,the perspectives of studies on fatigue of thin metal films constrained by a substrate are proposed.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China( No.2 0 0 2 5 312,2 9992 5 90 - 3) and the Major State BasicResearch Development Program( No.G2 0 0 0 0 7810 3)
基金Project supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2009AA044001)the Open Funds of the State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems (HIT),China (Grant No. SKLRS-2010-MS-01)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China
文摘A dispersion compensation method is introduced to correct the distorted image passing through an ultrathin metal film.An LCD-CCD system is modeled by the back propagation network and used to evaluate the transmittance of the ultrathin metal film.Training samples for the network come from 729 images captured by shooting test patches,in which the RGB values are uniformity distributed between 0 and 255.The RGB value of the original image that will be distorted by the dispersion is first transformed by mapping from the LCD to the CCD,multiplied by the inverse matrix of the transmittance matrix,and finally transformed by mapping from the CCD to the LCD,then the corrected image is obtained.In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method,ultrathin aluminum films with different thicknesses are evaporated on glass substrates and laid between the CCD and LCD.Experimental results show that the proposed method compensates for the dispersion successfully.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10525419,60736041 and 10874238)the National Key Basic Research Special Foundation of China (Grant No. 2006CB302901)
文摘We fabricate a series of periodic arrays of subwavelength square and rectangular air holes on gold films, and measure the transmission spectra of these metallic nanostructures. By changing some geometrical and physical parameters, such as array period, air hole size and shape, and the incident light polarization, we verify that both global surface plasmon resonance and localized waveguide mode resonance are influential on enhancing the transmission of light through nanostructured metal films. These two resonances induce different behaviours of transmission peak shift. The transmission through the rectangular air-hole structures exhibits an obvious polarization effect dependent on the morphology. Numerical simulations are also made by a plane-wave transfer-matrix method and in good consistency with the experimental results.
基金Supported by the Science Foundation of Jilin Province( No.980 5 6 2
文摘The Ni(OH) 2 film electrodes doped respectively with alkali-earth metal aluminum, lead, partial transition metal and some rare-earth metal(altogether 17 kinds of metals) ions were prepared by cathode electrodeposition. The electrode reaction reversibility, the difficult extent of oxygen evolution, the proton diffusion coefficient, the discharge potential of middle value and the active material utilization of the Ni(OH) 2 film electrode were compared with those of the ones doped with the metal ions by means of cyclic voltammetry, potential step and constant current charge-discharge experiments. It was found that Ca 2+ , Co 2+ , Cd 2+ , Al 3+ etc. have obviously positive effect.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.B10275019)
文摘Stability of liquid metal film flow under gradient magnetic field is investigated. Three dimensional numerical simulations on magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) effect of free surface film flow were carried out, with emphasis on the film thickness variation and its surface stability. Three different MHD phenomena of film flow were observed in the experiment, namely, retardant, rivulet and flat film flow. From our experiment and numerical simulation it can be concluded that flat film flow is a good choice for plasma-facing components (PFCs)
文摘The deposition of metal oxide films using Spray Pyrolysis Technique (SPT) is investigated through mathematical and physical modeling. A comprehensive model is developed in the processes including atomization, spray, evaporation, chemical reaction and deposition. The predicted results including particle size and film thickness are compared with the experimental data obtained in a complementary study. The predicted film thickness is in a good agreement with the measurements when the temperature is high enough for the chemical reaction to proceed. The model also adequately predicts the size distribution when the nanocrystals are well-structured at controlled temperature and concentration.
基金partially supported by Shenzhen-Hong Kong Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Zone Shenzhen Park Project:HZQB-KCZYB-2020030Hong Kong Research Grants Council Collaborative Research Fund(Ref.C4026-17 W)+2 种基金Theme-based Research Scheme(Ref.T13402/17-N)funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 958457supported by the City U grant 9360161 and CRF grant C1027-14E。
文摘Dual-phase metallic glasses(DP-MGs),a special member of the MGs family,often reveal unusual strength and ductility,yet,their corrosion behaviors are not understood.Here,we developed a nanostructured Mg_(57)Zn_(36)Ca_(7)(at.%)DP-MG and uncovered its corrosion mechanism in simulated body fluid(SBF)at the near-atomic scale utilizing transmission electron microscope(TEM)and atom probe tomography(APT).The 10-nm-wide Ca-rich amorphous phases allow oxygen propagation into the DP-MG,resulting in a micrometer thick hydroxides/oxides layer.This dense corrosion layer protects the DP-MG from further corrosion,enabling a corrosion rate that is 77%lower than that of Mg(99.99%purity).
文摘A squeeze film damper (SFD) with metal rubber (MR) ring installed on the end and the radial direction of rotor are implemented in this paper. Based on the hypothesis of π film, the description of the new SFD/MR flux and nonlinear oil film damping force is derived according to the Reynolds Eq. and Darcy’s law. It proves that the SFD/MR has better damping characteristics than the traditional SFD after comparatively analyzing characteristics of oil film between the traditional short SFD and the SFD/MR.
基金supported by the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Science Program of China(Nos.2014GB125003 and 2013GB114002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11105044)
文摘Numerical and experimental investigation results on the magnetohydrodynamics(MHD) film flows along flat and curved bottom surfaces are summarized in this study. A simplified modeling has been developed to study the liquid metal MHD film state, which has been validated by the existing experimental results. Numerical results on how the inlet velocity(V), the chute width(W) and the inlet film thickness(d0) affect the MHD film flow state are obtained. MHD stability analysis results are also provided in this study. The results show that strong magnetic fields make the stable V decrease several times compared to the case with no magnetic field,especially small radial magnetic fields(Bn) will have a significant impact on the MHD film flow state. Based on the above numerical and MHD stability analysis results flow control methods are proposed for flat and curved MHD film flows. For curved film flow we firstly proposed a new multi-layers MHD film flow system with a solid metal mesh to get the stable MHD film flows along the curved bottom surface. Experiments on flat and curved MHD film flows are also carried out and some firstly observed results are achieved.