Analysis on the Features of Abnormal Meteorological Elements before Chongqing Earthquakes

The situations of four major earthquakes occurred in Chongqing in modern times were analyzed in this paper.According to the study of the relationship between drought and earthquake and the study on five abnormal indices of meteorological elements,the pre-earthquake abnormal meteorological elements of these earthquakes occurred in Tongjing Town of Yubei,Chongqing in 1989,Xuxi of Rongchang in Chongqing in 1997,Rongchang County of Chongqing in 1999 respectively were systemically tested.Finally,the assumption of establishing an earthquake warning system of abnormal meteorological elements in the whole nation,especially in some high-risk earthquake areas was proposed.

Analysis of Meteorological Elements and Distribution Characters of Surface Solar Radiation in Guangxi

[Objective] The aim was to study the relation between solar radiation distribution and meteorological elements in Guangxi. [Method] Based on the observed data of solar radiation in Guangxi from 1995 to 2009, the total radiation, solar distribution and interannual changes in Guangxi were analyzed. By dint of observed data in Nanning station, the annual, seasonal and monthly changes of net radiation in Nanning and the linear relation between total radiation, solar distribution characteristics and interannual changes were discussed. [Result] The global radiation of surface solar radiation in the low latitude was higher tan the high latitude, as Beihai>Nanning>Guilin. The solar radiation changes and the seasonal changes in different places varied, as summer>autumn>spring>winter. The total radiation and solar radiation hours were consistent. The total solar radiation and the low cloud was in negative relation, but was in positive relation with sunny weather. The total solar radiation was in positive relation with ground temperature, except in winter. [Conclusion] The study provided effective theoretical basis and data reference to the study of climate and development of solar energy.

Discussion on Relationship between Meteorological Elements and Animal Husbandry Production or Animal Disease Prevention and Control

Based on knowledge of meteorology, pastoral meteorology and medical meteorology, the paper discusses relationship between various meteorological elements and animal husbandry production or animal disease prevention and control.

MEDIUM-RANGE OSCILLATION OF METEOROLOGICAL ELEMENTS AT GREAT WALL STATION,ANTARCTICA

A method of multi-spectral analysis is used to study the spectral characteristics of surface and upper-level meteorological elements over the Great Wall Station (62°12'S, 58°57'W), Antarctica and their phasecorrelation, propagation of mean oscillation at 500hPa level in the Southern Hemisphere and their corresponding synoptic sense. the results are summed up as follows: 1. Over the sub-Antatctic zone, as in the Northern Hemisphere there generally exist quasi-weekly oscillation and quasi-biweekly oscillation. In different seasons the oscillations of meteorological elements are different: in winter season quasi-biweekly oscillation is dominant, while in summer season quasi-weekly oscillation is dominant. 2. From the Earth's surface to the lower stratosphere there is a distinct quasi-weekly oscillation at each isobaric surface, but the most intense oscillation appears at 200-300hPa, and the oscillations of height and temperature are propagated downward. 3. Both in winter and summer seasons the quasi-biweekly oscillation are propagated from west to east, and the mean velocity of its propagation is about 7-17 longtitude / day. 4. The quasi-biweekly oscillation and the quasi-weekly oscillation over the sub - Antarctic zone are closely related to the activity and intensity variation of polar vortex at 500hPa, while at 1000hPa they reflect an interaction between the circumpolar depression and the sub-tropical high. The quasi-biweekly oscillation may be a reflection of inherent oscillation of the polar vortex, where as the quasi-weekly oscillation is a result of forced oscillation by external disturbance.A large number of calculations and analysis made reveals the features of medium-range oscillation over the sub-Antarctic zone. The results are of significance for understanding the behaviour of synoptic dynamics and making the weather forecast.This work is supported by National Committee for Antarctic Research.

Daily Changes of Spatial Patterns of Meteorological Elements over Pearl River Delta Based on GIS and MM5

The spatial distribution of meteorological elements is important for understanding the regional meteorology and climate changes. However, previous studies rarely focused on the daily changes of the spatial patterns of meteorological elements due to the limitation of remote sensing （RS） techniques and traditional meteorological methods. In this paper, the regional meteorological elements were simulated by the fifth-generation non-hydrostatic Mesoscale Model （MM5）, and the spatial patterns of meteorological elements and their diurnal variations were analyzed in landscape level over the Pearl （Zhujiang） River Delta （PRD）, China. The results showed that there were several centers of urban heat islands, cold islands, dry islands, wet islands, high wind over the PRD at noon. The diurnal changes of Moran I of meteorological elements were obvious and they reached the extremum at noon and 2-3 hours after the sunrise. The landscape indices of meteorological elements, such as area-weighted mean Fractal Dimension Index （FRAC_AM）, Landscape Shape lndex （LSI）, Shannon＇s Diversity Index （SHDI） and Contagion lndex （CONTAG）, were more variable at about the sunrise, noon and sunset. The occurrence of wave crests and vales of landscape indices was affected by the surface net radiation, turbulence and local circumfluence. The spatial patterns of meteorological elements correlated well with the land surface, thermal exchanges and local circumfluence. A new approach combining GIS, RS and numerical simulations technologies and the landscape ecology method was presented to analyze spatial patterns of meteorological elements, which may be useful for studying global and regional climate changes.

Meteorological elements in the design technology of intelligent and energy-efficient buildings

The climate of a building consists of two parts,the external climate and the internal climate.The external climate elements,as factors influencing the construction of the building,include terrain and adjacent installation,radiation and wind conditions,the organization of space,the construction of the building structure,the choice of the mechanical system and the coordination of energy sources.Based on the external climate factors and the intelligent and energy-efficient design concept,the overall effect of this design technology is the interior building’s climate comfort.Therefore,it is necessary to analyze these meteorological elements when discussing intelligent and energy-efficient building design technologies.

Analysis of Near-Surface Layer Meteorological Elements for a Summer Fog in Ninglang Airport

Based on hourly observation data from 2016 to 2019 and hourly automatic meteorological observation data from 2018 to 2019, we analyzed the annual, monthly and daily variation characteristics of fog days in Ninglang Airport, and diagnosed a case of summer fog. The results show that the average annual fog days in Ninglang Airport are 128 days and the annual characteristic of fog days is bimodal. Analyzed on fog cases in 2019, it was a summer fog process lasting more than 20 hours and visibility less than 500 m. The data from the automatic observational stations around Ninglang airport can describe the near-surface layer features of fog and illustrate the progress of fog. The meteorological elements of automatic observational stations changed suddenly 2 hours before fog, so the data of the automatic observational stations can be used to forscast fog.

Analysis of Essential Meteorological Elements Surrounding Typhoon Sinlaku by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

In this paper, a successful flight with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) surrounded Typhoon Sinlaku on 15 Sept., 2008 and the preliminary analysis of all the collected data during the observation period has been presented. It is the first time to adopt surrounding method to observe typhoon in mainland of China. During the 3 h field campaign, the flight altitude is about 500 m to observe the essential meteorological elements in boundary layer of typhoon. The average temperature is 22.57&#176C and ranged from 21.50&#176C to 25.80&#176C, while about the relative humidity, the maximum is 100%, the minimum is 80.60% and the average is 97.98%. As for the wind, the average wind speed is 19.68 m/s and the maximum is 30.03 m/s. The typhoon center is a warm structure, the closer to the center, the higher the temperature is and the lower the wind speed is. In conclusion, the mini-UAV has the capability to observe the boundary layer of typhoon.

Analysis of Acid Rain Characteristics and Related Meteorological Conditions in Dalian

The variation characteristics of acid rain and the relationship between the formation of acid rain and meteorological conditions were analyzed based on the observation data and meteorological records collected from acid rain observation station in Dalian over 2006-2009.The results showed that Dalian was one of the regions with strong acid rain in northern China,with the frequency of 66% and pH value of 3.49.The acidity was the strongest in fall and weakest in spring;and the maximum and minimum frequencies were in summer and in winter respectively.Frequency of acid rain was inversely proportional to wind speed and concentration of inhalable particles in Dalian;acid rain occurred easily in foggy weather due to the steady stratification and abundant moisture;continuous precipitation did not mean the reduction of acidic material in the air,and the rainfall with increased acidity in the second day accounted for 42% in continuous precipitation cases.

Characteristics of Micrometeorology in the Surface Layer in the Tibetan Plateau

The data of the meteorological elements in the surface layer have been analyzed which were obtained during the IOP of TIPEX from May to July 1998 inGěrzě, Damxung and Qamdo. The characteristics of the diurnal variations and the vertical profiles of the wind velocity, temperature and humidity in the surface layer have been investigated. Some interesting results have been obtained. The moisture inversion phenomena occured during the daytime in the surface layer have also been discussed.

江西省土壤温度变化特征及其与气象要素的关系

掌握江西省土壤温度的影响因素、深度变化、季节变化及区域差异,可以为土壤理化性质、土壤生物的分布及生长发育提供研究基础,并对农业种植和生态建设提供科学参考。本研究根据2005—2020年地面气象资料中月均各层土壤温度、气温、降水、日照、相对湿度等数据,分析江西省各层土壤温度的季节变化、土壤温度随深度的变化关系及其区域差异特征,并总结各气象要素对各层土壤温度的影响。结果表明,江西各层土壤温度的季节变化非常明显,且土壤温度变化的滞后性随土壤深度增加而更加明显。春、夏两季的土壤温度随土壤深度的增加而降低,温度变化减小;秋冬两季土壤温度随土壤深度加深呈增加的趋势,温度变化较大。土壤温度的季节变化在不同地区之间存在差异,土壤温度与土壤深度呈二次线性关系。不同地区中土壤温度与各气象要素的相关性存在差异,单个气象要素对土壤温度影响较小,多个气象要素相互作用对土壤温度影响更明显。

“航海气象与海洋学”课程思政建设探索

课程思政建设是落实立德树人根本任务的战略举措。本文以“航海气象与海洋学”课程“海流”一节作为教学实案,探索航海类专业课程的课程思政建设,以贯彻落实教育部关于课程思政建设的要求和学校对于人才培养的要求。首先综合考虑专业培养目标、课程教学目标和《指导纲要》明确的课程思政建设目标要求和内容重点,设定“航海气象与海洋学”课程的思政目标,确定了课程思政的实施原则。在教学实案中,根据讲授知识,进一步确定了思政要素和融入点,并详细介绍了思政要素融入教学的过程。课后反馈表明思政要素有机地融入了专业知识,而且课堂效果也得到了提升。最后分享了关于课程思政建设的几点认识。本次课程思政教学实践表明:根植于专业知识的思政要素,通过合理的教学组织,可以同思想政治教育形成协同效应,达到更好的教学和育人效果。

库布齐沙漠光伏电站气象特征观测及降尘微量元素分布规律

2023年3月对位于库布齐沙漠中的光伏电站开展环境和气象综合观测实验,分析光伏面板降尘中微量元素含量,定量阐述光伏电站对当地气候环境的影响,阐明降尘微量元素的分布规律.结果表明,上午电站内空气温度高于电站外,下午相反.下层平均气温站内为4.43℃,比站外降低了0.82℃.电站内底层空气湿度明显高于高层,最大差异达10%以上,并显著高于站外底层.电站内风速显著低于电站外,站内底层风速较站外降低了59.8%.光伏电站内降尘量为1.70 g/m^(2),比站外低170.27 g/m^(2),光伏电站防风固沙效果显著.不同类型光伏面板上降尘量不同,固定可调型光伏面板上降尘量为0.45 g/m^(2),比追踪型光伏面板降尘量低0.6 g/m^(2).光伏电站内降尘中元素Fe含量最高,其次是Mn、Mo.光伏电站场地中央w(V)、w(Cr)、w(Zn)、w(Ni)、w(Cu)、w(Pb)和w(As)分别为1.67×10^(-7)、1.19×10^(-7)、1.70×10^(-7)、1.70×10^(-8)、6.90×10^(-8)、2.20×10^(-8)和5.00×10^(-9),显著低于电站边缘和沙漠边缘,光伏电站有助于降低有毒重金属元素的富集.

2019-2022年甘肃瓜州极旱荒漠生态系统碳水通量观测数据集

极旱荒漠生态系统通常位于干旱地区,降水量较低并伴有高温现象,其原生植被具有较高适应性,是极端环境条件下的特殊生态系统类型。极旱荒漠生态系统在帮助保持土壤稳定性、防止土壤侵蚀、维持独特生物多样性等方面发挥着一定作用,在全球生态系统中具有独特而重要的地位。了解中国西北极旱荒漠生态系统碳水通量特征对于研究极旱荒漠生态系统在全球碳水循环中的作用具有重要意义。本数据集为甘肃瓜州极旱荒漠生态系统野外科学观测研究站(以下简称瓜州站)所收集的2019年1月1日至2022年12月31日的日尺度碳水通量观测数据集。采用涡动相关通量观测技术对该生态系统碳水通量进行野外观测,使用ChinaFLUX数据处理技术标准对原始数据进行校正、质量控制和数据插补最终形成日尺度数据集。本数据集包括净生态系统碳交换量(NEE)、生态系统总初级生产力(GPP)、生态系统呼吸(ER)、水通量(FH2O)、土壤热通量(SHF)、蒸散发(ET)、显热通量(H)、潜热通量(LE)和太阳辐射(R_(g))、气温(T_(air))、露点温度(T_(dew))、土壤含水量(SWC)、光量子通量密度(PPFD)、相对湿度(RH)、饱和水汽压差(VPD)、降水(P)等关键气象环境观测数据。本数据集可为深入研究极旱荒漠生态系统在全球碳水循环中的作用与地位提供宝贵的数据基础。

1960—2020年南水北调区域极端气象要素变化分析

南水北调工程会引起所涉区域极端气候发生变化,同时极端气候事件对调水工程运行也存在影响。研究以1960—2020年气象观测数据为基础构建极端气象要素指标体系,采用变化范围法(RVA)与集对分析法(SPA)对南水北调影响区极端气象要素的改变程度进行量化计算,揭示了经济发展、气候变化与南水北调工程影响下区域极端气象要素的演变规律。结果表明:在经济发展与气候变化影响下,1960—2020年南水北调影响区极端气象要素指标综合改变度总体为上升趋势,并出现了明显的区域差异性,中线地区极端气候改变度显著大于东线,而两线水源区变化程度低于输水区和受水区;调水前后对比分析表明,工程调水对中线的影响大于东线,且受水区极端气象要素变化程度更为明显;对极端气象要素分析发现,极端蒸发受气候变化与经济发展影响显著,极端气温受调水工程影响变化较大,极端降水受外界扰动变化不明显。

秦巴山区东部近5年大气污染物的气象影响因素及潜在来源分析

为明确秦巴山区东部大气污染物的气象影响以及潜在来源,对安康市2016—2020年的逐日大气及气象监测数据进行分析,结果表明:冬季在连续2~3个小时最大风速维持在3~3.5m/s以上,会有利于污染物的扩散;在有降水发生时,若小时最大风速超过2.8m/s时,且0.3mm以上的小时降水量持续3个小时以上,对污染物具有明显的沉降清洁效果;若小时最大风速小于2m/s,小时降水量达到0.5~0.8mm以上,对污染物也有较明显的沉降和清除作用。通过对输送大气污染物的轨迹分析发现,安康市的大气污染物主要来源于四川省、河南省以及湖北省的偏南和偏东方向轨迹输送,同时安康市冬季PM_(2.5)浓度的贡献最大的区域在2019年后存在明显南移。

气象要素与潜在林火风险关联性研究

为探究川西南地区复杂气候与森林火灾之间的关联性,以四川省凉山彝族自治州木里藏族自治县(以下简称“四川省凉山州木里县”)为例,通过局部规模的气象异常值变化,分析了各气象要素与森林火灾的潜在联系性。再通过FWI与FFDI,分析木里县历史火险变化,验证了其与木里县森林火灾的关联性。结果表明:森林火灾发生前后气压、气温、湿度、风速、蒸发量出现不同周期的连续增加(或衰减)。同时,木里县森林火险指数FWI与FFDI呈现出年际震荡且逐渐增大的趋势,且木里县林火频数与FWI的年均相关系数(46.9%)、月均相关系数(80.7%)均大于FFDI(年相关系数38.7%、月相关系数53.1%)。此外,林火风险值出现极端异常还与同期(或同年)发生的气候事件密切相关。因此,气候异常事件所导致的持续高温、低湿、多风的气象条件是森林火险等级快速升高或重大森林火灾事故的本质原因之一。

大柴旦矿区生态环境影响要素变化特征

气象要素变化对矿区生态环境的影响极为重要,尤其是在我国青藏高原寒旱区,全面系统地了解历史气象要素变化特征对高寒矿区生态环境保护具有指导作用。本研究首先基于青藏高原大柴旦矿区1956-2022年的逐月降水、气温、蒸发数据,采用线性倾向估计法、集合经验模态分解(EEMD)、Morlet小波变换等方法对大柴旦地区的降水、气温、蒸发等气象要素的变化趋势进行了全面分析研究;然后选取三期空间分辨率为30 m的Landsat卫星数据,从卫星图像中计算了归一化差异植被指数(I_(NDV))。结果表明:大柴旦矿区气候呈现暖湿化态势,在此因素驱动下,降水量呈现轻微增加趋势,气温呈现明显增高趋势,蒸发量呈明显减小趋势;降水量和气温序列没有突变点,而蒸发量在1979年存在突变,在1956-1979年蒸发量缓慢增加,在1979-2022年缓慢减小;降水量在2000-2016年具有显著12个月的震荡周期,气温和蒸发量在整个时间尺度上都具有12个月的震荡周期;植被多集中分布在水体附近,研究区内整体呈现覆盖增加、生长活动增强趋势。预测大柴旦矿区未来几年降水量仍处于增加状态,温度处于增高阶段,年蒸发量将处于偏少期,植被生长活动整体呈增强趋势。

基于EMD-GRU的港口堆场煤炭含水率智能预测与实验研究

针对煤炭港口堆场洒水抑尘需求,提出了基于EMD-GRU的煤炭含水率预测模型并进行了实验验证。通过建立煤炭堆场含水率预测模型,利用实时数据驱动预测煤炭堆垛含水率变化,根据气象数据与含水率变化情况判断煤炭堆垛未来起尘情况并制定相应的洒水策略。实验结果表明,EMD-GRU模型的均方根误差、平均绝对误差、平均绝对百分比误差和决定系数分别为0.768、0.566、9.52%、0.944,与SVR、DTR、RNN、LSTM、GRU等预测模型相比,EMD-GRU预测模型的各误差值均最低,决定系数为最高,且预测精度与拟合效果最好。

柴达木盆地气溶胶光学厚度时空分布特征及气象要素影响分析

基于MODIS MCD19A2气溶胶数据集,利用线性趋势、Spearman相关性分析及?ngstr?m指数内插法,探究柴达木盆地2001-2021年大气气溶胶光学厚度的时空分布特征及气象因子影响。结果表明:在年际尺度上,柴达木盆地AOD波动上升,年增幅为3.74%,年均值为0.110±0.002;在季节尺度上,AOD季节性变化明显,其值由高到低分别为春季、夏季、秋季、冬季,其中,春夏季AOD呈波动变化,秋冬季AOD无明显变化;月尺度上,AOD呈单峰型,峰值为4月。在空间上,AOD高值区位于柴达木盆地腹部,呈现中间高四周低的分布特征,低值区位于昆仑山脉和祁连山脉等高海拔地区及植被覆盖率较高的区域。气象要素对AOD都有着一定影响,其中风速、温度、相对湿度、云量和降水都与AOD呈正相关,风速和温度对AOD的影响最大。