Optimal edge-cloud collaboration based strategies for minimizing valid latency of railway environment monitoring system

Response speed is vital for the railway environment monitoring system,especially for the sudden-onset disasters.The edge-cloud collaboration scheme is proved efficient to reduce the latency.However,the data characteristics and communication demand of the tasks in the railway environment monitoring system are all different and changeable,and the latency contribution of each task to the system is discrepant.Hence,two valid latency minimization strategies based on the edge-cloud collaboration scheme is developed in this paper.First,the processing resources are allocated to the tasks based on the priorities,and the tasks are processed parallly with the allocated resources to minimize the system valid latency.Furthermore,considering the differences in the data volume of the tasks,which will induce the waste of the resources for the tasks finished in advance.Thus,the tasks with similar priorities are graded into the same group,and the serial and parallel processing strategies are performed intra-group and inter-group simultaneously.Compared with the other four strategies in four railway monitoring scenarios,the proposed strategies proved latency efficiency to the high-priority tasks,and the system valid latency is reduced synchronously.The performance of the railway environment monitoring system in security and efficiency will be promoted greatly with the proposed scheme and strategies.

A Preliminary Study on Taking Rana cancrivora as Indicator Species for Mangrove Environment Monitoring

[Objective] The aim was to study on the feasibility to take Rana cancrivora, the only amphibian inhabiting mangrove, as indicator species for environment monitoring of mangrove. [Methods] Rana cancrivorae were collected in July and August of 2009 from two different microhabitats, including the pier and the core mangrove area of National Dongzhai Harbor Mangrove Reserve in Hainan Province. In addition, examination and analysis were conducted on activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT）, acetylcholine esterase （AChE）, and inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS）, and content of malonaldehyde （MDA） in its liver and muscle. Furthermore, indices of hepar/body, kidney/body and spleen/body were measured to make a comprehensive evaluation on Rana cancrivora stress from environment and mangrove quality in different microhabitats. [Result] In mangrove habitat, indices of hepar/body, kidney/body and spleen/body of Rana cancrivora were all lower than that in pier and only index of kidney/body differed significantly （P0.05）; the four enzyme activities were all higher than that in pier and activities of SOD and CAT differed significantly （P0.05）. In addition, MDA content was lower than that in pier significantly （P0.05）. The result indicated that antioxidant enzyme activity of Rana cancrivora in mangrove habitat was higher than that in pier individually, lipid peroxidation and the stress were lower correspondingly. [Conclusion] Because of human intervention and travelling development, quality of pier habitat was lower than that in mangrove core area, and stress for Rana cancrivora by environment was smaller than that in pier, correspondingly. Therefore, Rana cancrivora can be the indicator species for environment monitoring of mangrove.

A Cost-Efficient Environment Monitoring Robotic Vehicle for Smart Industries

Environmental monitoring is essential for accessing and avoiding the undesirable situations in industries along with ensuring the safety of workers.Moreover,inspecting and monitoring of environmental parameters by humans lead to various health concerns,which in turn brings to the requirement of monitoring the environment by robotics.In this paper,we have designed and implemented a cost-efficient robotic vehicle for the computation of various environmental parameters such as temperature,radiation,smoke,and pressure with the help of sensors.Furthermore,the robotic vehicle is designed in such a way that it can be dually controlled by using the remote control along with the distant computer.In addition,contrary to the existing researches,the GSM modules are used to achieve the two-way long distance communication between the robotic vehicle and the distant computer.On the distant computer,the above-mentioned environmental parameters can be monitored along with controlling the robotic vehicle with the help of Graphical User Interface(GUI).In order to fulfill the given tasks,we have proposed two algorithms implemented at the robotic vehicle and the distant computer respectively in this paper.The final results validate the proposed algorithms where the above-mentioned environmental parameters can be monitored along with the smooth-running operation of the robotic vehicle.

Design and Implementation of Environment Monitoring and Alarm System for Broiler Breeding Based on Internet of Things

Environment plays a vital role in the breeding process of broilers. In order to effectively monitor and control the breeding environment of broilers, a broiler breeding environment monitoring and alarm system based on internet of things is studied and established. The system adopts the narrow band internet of things communication technology, and can transmit the temperature, humidity, illumination and ammonia and other environ-mental data in the chicken house remotely through terminal collection unified interface device. Meantime, it realizes the control of fans, wet cur-tains, small windows and illumination in the chicken house by threshold method. The system software is designed and implemented by C#, SQL Server, WeX5 and other development tools, including platform terminal and enterprise terminal. Since its operation, the system is featured by stable state, reliable data and timely alarm, which solves the problem of unified control of different sensors and realizes the effective control of house envi-ronment.

Marine Meteorology Research Progress of China from 2003 to 2006

The progress in marine meteorology research achieved by scientists in China during the four-year period from 2003 to 2006 is summarized under four categories： marine disaster study, typhoon over the ocean, ocean-atmosphere monitoring technology, and ocean-atmosphere forecasting technology. Compared to the previous four years, many more first-hand datasets have been obtained and more scientific issues have been addressed. In particular, many contributions have been made by young scientists. A brief statement on the research strategy of marine meteorology in China for the coming years is given at the end.

About Some Aspects of Use of Optical Sensors for Monitoring the Aquatic Environment

Multi-channel polarization optical technology is increasingly used for prompt monitoring of water systems.Optical devices during the assessment of water quality determine the intensity of light through the studied aquatic environment.Spectrophotometric devices measure the spectrum of weakening of light through the aquatic environment.Spectroellipsometric devices receive spectra in vertical and horizontal polarizations.The presented article develops an adaptive optical hardware and image system for monitoring water bodies.The system is combined.It consists of 2 parts:1)automated spectrophotometer-refractometer,and 2)adaptive spectroellipsometer.The system is equipped with a corresponding algorithmic and software,including algorithms for identifying spectral curves,databases and knowledge of spectral curves algorithms for solving reverse problems.The presented system is original since it differs from modern foreign systems by a new method of spectrophotometric and spectroellipsometric measurements,an original elemental base of polarization optics and a comprehensive mathematical approach to assessing the quality of a water body.There are no rotating polarization elements in the system.Therefore,this makes it possible to increase the signal-to-noise ratio and,as a result,improve measurement stability and simplify multichannel spectrophotometers and spectroellipsometers.The proposed system can be used in various water systems where it is necessary to assess water quality or identify the presence of a certain set of chemical elements.

Atmospheric environment monitoring technology and equipment in China:A review and outlook

Accurate monitoring of the atmospheric environment and its evolution are important for understanding the sources,chemical mechanisms,and transport processes of air pollution and carbon emissions in China,and for regulatory and control purposes.This study gives an overview of atmospheric environment monitoring technology and equipment in China and summarizes the major achievements obtained in recent years.China has made great progress in the development of atmospheric environment monitoring technology and equipment with decades of effort.The manufacturing level of atmospheric environment monitoring equipment and the quality of products have steadily improved,and a technical&production system that can meet the requirements of routine monitoring activities has been initiated.It is expected that domestic atmospheric environment monitoring technology and equipment will be able to meet future demands for routine monitoring activities in China and provide scientific assistance for addressing air pollution problems.

Embedded Remote Monitoring System of Agricultural Environment Based on DSP

Agricultural environmental remote monitoring,data collection and network transmission are the development directions of modern agriculture.The embedded video remote monitoring system is designed with DSP processor DM642,which can collect the video signal of agricultural environment and biological information,as well as complete the extraction of video signal and network transmission.This system can be applied to the agro-ecological and environmental resources monitoring,agricultural disaster monitoring and warning and other digital agricultures.

Current status and prospects of research on safety situation awareness of high speed railway operation environment

Purpose–The safety of high-speed rail operation environments is an important guarantee for the safe operation of high-speed rail.The operating environment of the high-speed rail is complex,and the main factors affecting the safety of high-speed rail operating environment include meteorological disasters,perimeter intrusion and external environmental hazards.The purpose of the paper is to elaborate on the current research status and team research progress on the perception of safety situation in high-speed rail operation environment and to propose directions for further research in the future.Design/methodology/approach–In terms of the mechanism and spatio-temporal evolution law of the main influencing factors on the safety of high-speed rail operation environments,the research status is elaborated,and the latest research progress and achievements of the team are introduced.This paper elaborates on the research status and introduces the latest research progress and achievements of the team in terms of meteorological,perimeter and external environmental situation perception methods for high-speed rail operation.Findings–Based on the technical route of“situational awareness evaluation warning active control,”a technical system for monitoring the safety of high-speed train operation environments has been formed.Relevant theoretical and technical research and application have been carried out around the impact of meteorological disasters,perimeter intrusion and the external environment on high-speed rail safety.These works strongly support the improvement of China’s railway environmental safety guarantee technology.Originality/value–With the operation of CR450 high-speed trains with a speed of 400 kmper hour and the application of high-speed train autonomous driving technology in the future,new and higher requirements have been put forward for the safety of high-speed rail operation environments.The following five aspects of work are urgently needed:(1)Research the single factor disaster mechanism of wind,rain,snow,lightning,etc.for high-speed railways with a speed of 400 kms per hour,and based on this,study the evolution characteristics of multiple safety factors and the correlation between the high-speed driving safety environment,revealing the coupling disastermechanism ofmultiple influencing factors;(2)Research covers multi-source data fusion methods and associated features such as disaster monitoring data,meteorological information,route characteristics and terrain and landforms,studying the spatio-temporal evolution laws of meteorological disasters,perimeter intrusions and external environmental hazards;(3)In terms of meteorological disaster situation awareness,research high-precision prediction methods for meteorological information time series along high-speed rail lines and study the realization of small-scale real-time dynamic and accurate prediction of meteorological disasters along high-speed rail lines;(4)In terms of perimeter intrusion,research amulti-modal fusion perception method for typical scenarios of high-speed rail operation in all time,all weather and all coverage and combine artificial intelligence technology to achieve comprehensive and accurate perception of perimeter security risks along the high-speed rail line and(5)In terms of external environment,based on the existing general network framework for change detection,we will carry out research on change detection and algorithms in the surrounding environment of highspeed rail.

Implications of Dynamic Interactions between Meteorological Patterns and Surface Water Quality on Environmental Health—A Case Study of the Nairobi River

Urban areas face significant challenges in maintaining water quality amidst increasing urbanization and changing climatic patterns. This study investigates the complex interplay between meteorological variables and water quality parameters in Nairobi City, focusing on the impacts of rainfall and temperature on surface water quality. Data from multiple sources, including the Water Resources Authority, Nairobi Water and Sewerage Company, and the World Bank’s Climate Change Knowledge Portal, were analyzed to assess the relationships between meteorological variables (rainfall and temperature) and water quality parameters (such as electroconductivity, biochemical oxygen demand, chloride, and pH). The analysis reveals varying impacts of rainfall and temperature on different water quality parameters. While parameters like iron and pH show strong relationships with both rainfall and temperature, others such as ammonia and nitrate exhibit moderate relationships. Additionally, the study highlights the influence of runoff, urbanization, and industrial activities on water quality, emphasizing the need for holistic management approaches. Recommendations encompass the establishment of annual publications on Nairobi River water quality, online accessibility of water quality data, development of hydrological models, spatial analysis, and fostering cross-disciplinary research collaborations. Implementing these recommendations can enhance water quality management practices, mitigate risks, and safeguard environmental integrity in Nairobi City.

Environmental Monitoring of Ambient Outdoor, Indoor Air Quality Pollutants, PM 10 and PM 2.5 Conducted to Evaluate Its Impact Analysis and Quantification in Industrial Area of Dammam, KSA

The core objective of this study is to conduct precise and real-time monitoring of the industrial area Dammam located in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) which consists of a number of various chemicals, minerals and petrochemicals along with administrative blocks. The objective of this study is to monitor possible outdoor and indoor air pollutant in the industry working environment. This study shall help us to enable decision to be made on appropriate control measures as may be required to protect the health of employee and occupant who may be exposed to air contamination at workplace. Air pollution monitoring in ambient air environment finding shall be compared with national ambient air quality environmental standard while parameters monitoring in indoor air environment is compared with international standards such as occupational health and safety administration (OSHA), National institute for occupational safety and health (NIOSH) and Australian national health and medical research council (NHMRC). This environment review study for ensuring industry regulatory compliance for the facility and general authority of meteorology and environmental protection (GAMEP) previously known as presidency of meteorology environment (PME). This study shall be comprehensive in nature and cover two major types of monitoring and assessment such as ambient air quality monitoring and indoor air quality monitoring.

Strengthened Monitoring of H5 Avian Influenza Viruses in External Environment in Hubei, 2018

The contamination status of H5 avian influenza viruses and distribution of subtypes of H5N1 and H5N6 in poultry-related environment of Hubei areas were investigated.Urban and rural live poultry markets,poultry farms,intensive livestock farms and other monitoring types of 103 counties in 17 cities were selected in Hubei.Wiping samples from cage surface,wiping samples from chopping board,fecal specimens and other environmental samples were collected and tested by real-time RT-PCR using primers and probes of influenza A,avian influenza of H5,N1 and N6 from December 2017 to March 2018.The avian influenza virus positive rate was compared among different monitoring sites,samples,time and regions.Totally,7132 environmental samples were collected in 1634 monitoring points with a positive rate of 2.24%.The positive rate of H5 avian influenza virus was the highest in urban and rural live poultry markets(3.44%,x^2=61.329,P<0.05)in 6 monitoring sites and wiping samples from chopping board(5.46%,x^2=67.072,P<0.05)in 6 sample types.H5N6 avian influenza viruses were detected more in eastern than western Hubei,and H5N6 avian influenza viruses were detected only in Xiangyang city of western Hubei.There were important high-risk places of human infection with H5 avian influenza virus in urban and rural live poultry markets and the poultry slaughtering plants.H5N6 has been the predominant subtype of H5 avian influenza viruses in the eastern and western Hubei and H5N6 avian influenza viruses were still present in a few areas of Hubei.Outbreaks of human H5N1 and H5N6 avian influenza remain at risk in Hubei province.

Research on Distribution of Electromagnetic Environment around Substations and Optimization Layout of On-line Monitoring

The characteristics and distribution law of electromagnetic environment around substations with different levels of voltage were studied,and the main influencing factors were discussed. Meanwhile,a scheme for locating monitoring points suitable for an on-line monitoring system of electromagnetic environment was proposed.

A Multi-Agent System for Environmental Monitoring Using Boolean Networks and Reinforcement Learning

Distributed wireless sensor networks have been shown to be effective for environmental monitoring tasks,in which multiple sensors are deployed in a wide range of the environments to collect information or monitor a particular event,Wireless sensor networks,consisting of a large number of interacting sensors,have been successful in a variety of applications where they are able to share information using different transmission protocols through the communication network.However,the irregular and dynamic environment requires traditional wireless sensor networks to have frequent communications to exchange the most recent information,which can easily generate high communication cost through the collaborative data collection and data transmission.High frequency communication also has high probability of failure because of long distance data transmission.In this paper,we developed a novel approach to multi-sensor environment monitoring network using the idea of distributed system.Its communication network can overcome the difficulties of high communication cost and Single Point of Failure(SPOF)through the decentralized approach,which performs in-network computation.Our approach makes use of Boolean networks that allows for a non-complex method of corroboration and retains meaningful information regarding the dynamics of the communication network.Our approach also reduces the complexity of data aggregation process and employee a reinforcement learning algorithm to predict future event inside the environment through the pattern recognition.

A Design of Modern Greenhouse Environmental Monitoring System

Based on the problems in the current greenhouse environmental monitoring system such as difficult connection layout,low flexibility and high costs,this paper builds the greenhouse environmental monitoring system based on wireless sensor network,and designs the sensor nodes and gateway nodes. The sensor nodes of this system are responsible for collecting environmental parameters and sending the data to gateway nodes via wireless sensor network. And the gateway nodes transmit the data to the remote monitoring platform. The microprocessor module of node hardware uses MSP430F149 microprocessor for data processing and control; wireless communication module consists of nRF905 RF chip and peripheral circuit,responsible for transmitting and receiving data; sensor module uses AM2301 sensor for data measurement; the power supply module uses the circuit consisting of LT1129-3. 3,LT1129-5 and Max660 to provide 3. 3 and ± 5V power. The C language development is employed for wireless routing protocol of node and time synchronization algorithm,to achieve node data acquisition and processing,rule forwarding and remote transmission. Remote monitoring software uses NET. ASP,HTML and C# development to provide visual WEB mode remote data management platform for users. The system goes through networking testing in greenhouse in Xining City,and test results show that the system operation is stable and reliable,and the average network packet loss rate is 2. 4%,effectively solving the problems in greenhouse environmental monitoring system and meeting the application requirements of greenhouse cultivation environmental monitoring.

Radioactivity monitoring in environmental water and air around QNPP

Results of environmental radioactivity monitoring around Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant (QNPP) are reported in this paper. From 1992 to 2005, concentrations of 90Sr, 137Cs and 3H in terrestrial freshwater are (4.4±1.7) mBq·L-1, (0.3±0.1) mBq·L-1 and (1.6±0.5) Bq·L-1, respectively, and (2.8±2.4) Bq·L-1 of 3H in rainwater. Concentrations of 90Sr, 137Cs and 3H in the seawater samples collected from sea area nearby QNPP are (5.4±4.1) mBq·L-1, (0.7±0.2) mBq·L-1 and (1.0±0.5) Bq·L-1, respectively. Concentrations of 90Sr, 137Cs and 3H in the total waste water discharged from NPP-I are (4.0±1.8) m Bq·L-1, (1.0±0.5) mBq·L-1 and (2.8±2.2) Bq·L-1, respectively, and (1.4±0.4) Bq·L-1 of 3H in seawater sampled from No.1 outlet. Atomspheric 3H concentration in 1993～2005 at two monitoring sites is (78.9±96.3) and (64.2±40.2) mBq·m-3, respectively, with an increasing trend after 2003. Atmospheric 14C concentrations at the two sites are in the same levels as the background and data of the reference site.

Thoughts on Integrated Monitoring of Ecological Environment at Provincial Level

The Law of Soil and Water Conservation entitles the administrations of water resources at various level to monitor ecological environment and to proclaim status of soil erosion periodically.Monitoring units of soil and water conservation approved by local governments are obliged to undertake this work.How to develop a monitoring program needs an overall and long-term concept.Particularity and objectives of ecological environment monitoring was discussed. Monitoring at provincial level may be divided into two levels:province-wide and at project level. Those indicators meaningful,sensitive to any disturbances,and simple to measure may be selected to test status of ecosystem stability and health.It makes sense to have an integrated sampling design,to set up permanent observation plots and to collect data, so that to have a relative timely,accurate understanding of ecosystems in the province.A program regarding sampling design,field methods, data analysis,documentation and implementation was detailed.

Research Progress of On-line Monitoring Technology for Electromagnetic Environment of Power Transmission and Transformation Projects

Based on the collection of relevant literature and cases,the research and application status of on-line monitoring technology for electromagnetic environment of power transmission and transformation projects at home and abroad were introduced.Moreover,the problems existing in the on-line monitoring of electromagnetic environment were expounded,and the development prospect was forecasted.

An SNN Ontology Based Environment Monitoring Method for Intelligent Irrigation System

In order to realize high precision of environment parameters detection in irrigation applications,a sensor and sensor network(SSN) ontology based data fusion method is proposed.An SSN sub-ontology for soilstate monitoring is revised,which includes the sensing devices hierarchies and measurement properties selection according to the detection feature interests.As for sensor data processing,a tuning data method by data pool filtering and clustering is adopted,as well as a useful data fusion method for multi-sensor system.The testing results show that both the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method are higher after related filtering and clustering process,which enables a thorough monitoring for intelligent irrigation systems and can be extended into environment monitoring and control applications.

Research on transmission performance of a surface acoustic wave sensing system used in manufacturing environment monitoring

Surface acoustic wave （SAW） sensors show great promise in monitoring fast-rotating or moving machinery in manufacturing environments, and have several advantages in the measurement of temperature, torque, pressure, and strain because of their passive and wireless capability. However, very few studies have systematically attempted to evaluate the characteristics of SAW sensors in a metal environment and rotating structures, both of which are common in machine tools. Simulation of the influence of the metal using CST software and a series of experiments with an SAW temperature sensor in real environments were designed to investigate the factors that affect transmission pertbrmance, including antenna angles, orientations, rotation speeds, and a metallic plate, along with the interrogator antenna-SAW sensor antenna separation distance. Our experimental measure- ments show that the sensor＇s optimal placement in manufacturing environments should take into account all these factors in order to maintain system measurement and data transmission capability. As the first attempt to systematically investigate the transmis- sion characteristics of the SAW sensor used in manufacturing environment, this study aims to guide users of SAW sensor appli- cations and encourage more research in the field of wireless passive SAW sensors in monitoring applications.