OBJECTIVE: To study the sonographic features and patterns of cystic renal carcinomas. METHODS: Thirteen cases of cystic renal carcinoma confirmed by operation and pathology were examined by ultrasonography, and the cy...OBJECTIVE: To study the sonographic features and patterns of cystic renal carcinomas. METHODS: Thirteen cases of cystic renal carcinoma confirmed by operation and pathology were examined by ultrasonography, and the cystic walls, septa and solid mural nodules were studied. RESULTS: Solid mural nodules of some cases and irregular thickening of the cystic walls and septa were characteristic findings for the ultrasonic diagnosis of cystic renal carcinomas. According to their pathologic mechanisms and sonographic features, cystic renal carcinomas were classified into 3 patterns: unilocular cystic mass, multiloculated cystic mass and cystic-solid mass. CONCLUSIONS: Typical cystic renal carcinomas can be well diagnosed, while atypical cases may be misdiagnosed as benign renal cysts by ultrasonography. Color Doppler ultrasonography and needle aspiration guided by ultrasonography are helpful in the diagnosis of these atypical cases.展开更多
In recent years,there were two reported outbreaks of food borne illness associated with melamine.The presence of melamine and its related compounds in milk,feed,and other foods has resulted in the need for reliable me...In recent years,there were two reported outbreaks of food borne illness associated with melamine.The presence of melamine and its related compounds in milk,feed,and other foods has resulted in the need for reliable methods for the detection and accurate quantification of this class of contaminants.The sample pretreatment for melamine in a complex matrix usually involves a liquid extraction by a polar solvent,followed by a further clean-up with solid phase extraction.Analyses of melamine and related compounds are commonly carried out by liquid or gas chromatographic methods conjugated with mass spectrometry.Other innovative screening methods,which use antibodies,molecularly imprinted polymers,capillary electrophoresis,and gold nanoparticles,are also used to develop assays and biosensors to melamine.However,many of these methods have been hindered by matrix effects,the solubility of melamine-cyanuric acid complex,and background contamination.This article reviews recent developments for detecting melamine and discusses future directions.展开更多
文摘OBJECTIVE: To study the sonographic features and patterns of cystic renal carcinomas. METHODS: Thirteen cases of cystic renal carcinoma confirmed by operation and pathology were examined by ultrasonography, and the cystic walls, septa and solid mural nodules were studied. RESULTS: Solid mural nodules of some cases and irregular thickening of the cystic walls and septa were characteristic findings for the ultrasonic diagnosis of cystic renal carcinomas. According to their pathologic mechanisms and sonographic features, cystic renal carcinomas were classified into 3 patterns: unilocular cystic mass, multiloculated cystic mass and cystic-solid mass. CONCLUSIONS: Typical cystic renal carcinomas can be well diagnosed, while atypical cases may be misdiagnosed as benign renal cysts by ultrasonography. Color Doppler ultrasonography and needle aspiration guided by ultrasonography are helpful in the diagnosis of these atypical cases.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30871658)the"948"Project of the Ministry of Agriculture of China(Nos.2011-Z46 and 2011-G5-7)
文摘In recent years,there were two reported outbreaks of food borne illness associated with melamine.The presence of melamine and its related compounds in milk,feed,and other foods has resulted in the need for reliable methods for the detection and accurate quantification of this class of contaminants.The sample pretreatment for melamine in a complex matrix usually involves a liquid extraction by a polar solvent,followed by a further clean-up with solid phase extraction.Analyses of melamine and related compounds are commonly carried out by liquid or gas chromatographic methods conjugated with mass spectrometry.Other innovative screening methods,which use antibodies,molecularly imprinted polymers,capillary electrophoresis,and gold nanoparticles,are also used to develop assays and biosensors to melamine.However,many of these methods have been hindered by matrix effects,the solubility of melamine-cyanuric acid complex,and background contamination.This article reviews recent developments for detecting melamine and discusses future directions.
