Fuzzy Inventory Model under Selling Price Dependent Demand and Variable Deterioration with Fully Backlogged Shortages

The objective is to develop a model considering demand dependent on selling price and deterioration occurs after a certain period of time, which follows two-parameter Weibull distribution. Shortages are allowed and fully backlogged. Fuzzy optimal solution is obtained by considering hexagonal fuzzy numbers and for defuzzification Graded Mean Integration Representation Method. A numerical example is provided for the illustration of crisp and fuzzy, both models. To observe the effect of changes in parameters, sensitivity analysis is carried out.

A simplified two-dimensional boundary element method with arbitrary uniform mean flow

To reduce computational costs, an improved form of the frequency domain boundary element method（BEM） is proposed for two-dimensional radiation and propagation acoustic problems in a subsonic uniform flow with arbitrary orientation. The boundary integral equation（BIE） representation solves the two-dimensional convected Helmholtz equation（CHE） and its fundamental solution, which must satisfy a new Sommerfeld radiation condition（SRC） in the physical space. In order to facilitate conventional formulations, the variables of the advanced form are expressed only in terms of the acoustic pressure as well as its normal and tangential derivatives, and their multiplication operators are based on the convected Green＇s kernel and its modified derivative. The proposed approach significantly reduces the CPU times of classical computational codes for modeling acoustic domains with arbitrary mean flow. It is validated by a comparison with the analytical solutions for the sound radiation problems of monopole,dipole and quadrupole sources in the presence of a subsonic uniform flow with arbitrary orientation.

意义学习与教学方式的联系——当代国际教学设计专家梅耶研究透视

认知建构学习理论考察了学习过程中信息加工的三种运作,分别是选择、组织和整合,机械学习与意义学习的分野就是在于心理运作有没有到位。建构主义作为一种学习理论有其独特价值,但是这并不能作为教学处方的依据。依据认知负荷理论的研究,多媒体讲解教学是一种最佳的选择,其中促进主动学习是关键。

体育文化的心理词汇研究

目的:在大学生群体中收集表征体育文化的形容词,构建体育文化的形容词词汇库.方法:采用心理词汇法,对136名大学生施测"体育文化载体调查";115名大学生对体育文化载体形容词做自由联想;121名大学生评定所获形容词的意义度.结果:(1)收集到表征体育文化人、事和物3个层面的典型载体;(2)通过对表征体育文化载体的自由联想,获得694个形容词;经过同义词归类和频数整理,获得91个词汇;(3)91个形容词意义度呈负偏态分布,删除意义度较低的4个形容词.结论:建立了表征体育文化的87个形容词词汇表,为下一步确认体育文化的结构提供了基础.

社会学方法在文本研究中转换的广阔空间——以戈德曼的文学社会学方法为个案

确认社会学研究方法在文学文本分析中具有转换的广阔空间,探讨如何转换,是文学批评抵达文学性的重要一环。以戈德曼的发生结构主义的文学研究方法为个案,发现在解释文学的社会、文化语境等因素方面,戈德曼的理论是有其价值的。但是,这种方法不能完全充分地揭示文学性产生的原因。当戈德曼的发生结构主义研究方法将研究者引到文本层面之后,可以与走向对人物心理世界的分析相会合、与象征系统中的隐喻意义解读等方法相会合。在文本分析层面,我们与戈德曼的文学社会学研究方法会合还有极为广阔的空间。

借鉴北美英语教法的EDA技术教学探讨

探讨了北美英语教法对EDA技术教学的借鉴意义.针对EDA技术课程实践性强的特点,论述了将北美英语教法强调的原则贯穿于EDA技术教学过程的可行性,并提出了具体的教学实施过程.结果显示,与传统教学方法相比,这种借鉴可以更好地激发学生的学习兴趣,取得良好的教学效果.

从奥苏贝尔有意义言语学习理论 重新认识教学中的讲授法

讲授法是现代班级授课制运用最多的策略,也是引起争议较多的教学法。本文试从奥苏贝尔的有意义言语学习理论出发,对讲授法的理论内核及其特点作重新的审视,以便进一步正确认识讲授法。

知识意义的建构与创造性发挥

知识意义的建构是在整体学习状态下的建构,涉及到复杂脑区和神经通路的参与。学生的学习生活经验(知识背景)对新知识经验的获得起到很重要的作用,情绪状态则强烈地影响学生的学习记忆功效和创造性发挥。在教学实践中,教师应充分利用各种教学资源,采取多种教学方式,密切联系学生的学习生活实际,丰富学生的学习生活经验,增强学习材料的意义和情绪联结,从而促使学生创造性地学习,并顺利完成新知识的意义建构。但是,当遇到一些很难从学生的经验中找到相应的成分来建立意义或关联时的学习内容,可以引导学生采取适合自身的记忆术方式来增强学习记忆。

Artificial Sun synchronous frozen orbit control scheme design based on J_2 perturbation

Sun synchronous orbit and frozen orbit formed due to J 2 perturbation have very strict constraints on orbital parameters,which have restricted the application a lot.In this paper,several control strategies were illustrated to realize Sun synchronous frozen orbit with arbitrary orbital elements using continuous low-thrust.Firstly,according to mean element method,the averaged rate of change of the orbital elements,originating from disturbing constant accelerations over one orbital period,was derived from Gauss＇ variation of parameters equations.Then,we proposed that binormal acceleration could be used to realize Sun synchronous orbit,and radial or transverse acceleration could be adopted to eliminate the rotation of the argument of the perigee.Finally,amending methods on the control strategies mentioned above were presented to eliminate the residual secular growth.Simulation results showed that the control strategies illustrated in this paper could realize Sun synchronous frozen orbit with arbitrary orbital elements,and can save much more energy than the schemes presented in previous studies,and have no side effect on other orbital parameters＇ secular motion.

FAST IMAGE ENCODING ALGORITHM BASED ON MEAN-MATCH CORRELATION VECTOR QUANTIZATION

A mean-match correlation vector quantizer (MMCVQ) was presented for fast image encoding. In this algorithm, a sorted codebook is generated regarding the mean values of all codewords. During the encoding stage, high correlation of the adjacent image blocks is utilized, and a searching range is obtained in the sorted codebook according to the mean value of the current processing vector. In order to gain good performance, proper THd and NS are predefined on the basis of experimental experiences and additional distortion limitation. The expermental results show that the MMCVQ algorithm is much faster than the full-search VQ algorithm, and the encoding quality degradation of the proposed algorithm is only 0.3～0.4 dB compared to the full-search VQ.

A Local Sparse Screening Identification Algorithm with Applications

Extracting nonlinear governing equations from noisy data is a central challenge in the analysis of complicated nonlinear behaviors.Despite researchers follow the sparse identification nonlinear dynamics algorithm(SINDy)rule to restore nonlinear equations,there also exist obstacles.One is the excessive dependence on empirical parameters,which increases the difficulty of data pre-processing.Another one is the coexistence of multiple coefficient vectors,which causes the optimal solution to be drowned in multiple solutions.The third one is the composition of basic function,which is exclusively applicable to specific equations.In this article,a local sparse screening identification algorithm(LSSI)is proposed to identify nonlinear systems.First,we present the k-neighbor parameter to replace all empirical parameters in data filtering.Second,we combine the mean error screening method with the SINDy algorithm to select the optimal one from multiple solutions.Third,the time variable t is introduced to expand the scope of the SINDy algorithm.Finally,the LSSI algorithm is applied to recover a classic ODE and a bi-stable energy harvester system.The results show that the new algorithm improves the ability of noise immunity and optimal parameters identification provides a desired foundation for nonlinear analyses.

Assessment of Comprehensive Carrying Capacity of Land Resources Based on Land Functions

Based on relevant research results,from the perspective of land use functions,an evaluation indicator system of carrying capacity of land resources composed of three second-grade indicators( production,living and ecological carrying capacity) including 24 third-grade indicators was established,and the carrying capacity of land resources in ten cities of Shaanxi Province in 2013 was assessed and analyzed by using mean square error analysis method and hierarchical clustering method. The results showed that the three types of carrying capacity in most cities of Shaanxi Province are shown as follows: ecological carrying capacity > living carrying capacity > production carrying capacity,and the differences between various regions in a single type of carrying capacity basically accorded with the actual situation of development in each city; there were obvious differences between various cities in the comprehensive carrying capacity of land resources,which was basically consistent with regional economic and social development.

Influence of Inclusion Shape on Thermoelasto-Plastic Optimun Design of Ceramic Metal Functionally Graded Materials

A nonlinear finite element method is applied to observe how inclusion shape influence the thermal response of a ceramic-metal functionally graded material (FGM). The elastic and plastic behaviors of the layers which are two-phase isotropic composites consisting of randomly oriented elastic spheroidal Inclusions and a ductile matrix are predicted by cc mean field method. The prediction results show that inclusion shape has remarkable influence on the overall behavior of the composite. The consequences of the thermal response analysis of the FGM are that the response is dependent on inclusion shape and its composition profile cooperatively and that the plastic behavior of each layer should be taken into account in optimum design of a ceramic-metal FGM.

An Alternative Approach to the Solution of Multi-Objective Geometric Programming Problems

The aim of this study is to present an alternative approach for solving the multi-objective posynomial geometric programming problems. The proposed approach minimizes the weighted objective function comes from multi-objective geometric programming problem subject to constraints which constructed by using Kuhn-Tucker Conditions. A new nonlinear problem formed by this approach is solved iteratively. The solution of this approach gives the Pareto optimal solution for the multi-objective posynomial geometric programming problem. To demonstrate the performance of this approach, a problem which was solved with a weighted mean method by Ojha and Biswal (2010) is used. The comparison of solutions between two methods shows that similar results are obtained. In this manner, the proposed approach can be used as an alternative of weighted mean method.

Demodulation method combining virtual reference interferometry and minimum mean square error for fiber-optic Fabry–Perot sensors

We propose a cavity length demodulation method that combines virtual reference interferometry（VRI） and minimum mean square error（MMSE） algorithm for fiber-optic Fabry–Perot（F-P） sensors. In contrast to the conventional demodulating method that uses fast Fourier transform（FFT） for cavity length estimation,our method employs the VRI technique to obtain a raw cavity length, which is further refined by the MMSE algorithm. As an experimental demonstration, a fiber-optic F-P sensor based on a sapphire wafer is fabricated for temperature sensing. The VRI-MMSE method is employed to interrogate cavity lengths of the sensor under different temperatures ranging from 28°C to 1000°C. It eliminates the ＂mode jumping＂ problem in the FFT-MMSE method and obtains a precision of 4.8 nm, corresponding to a temperature resolution of 2.0°C over a range of 1000°C. The experimental results reveal that the proposed method provides a promising, high precision alternative for demodulating fiber-optic F-P sensors.

Option Pricing by Mean Correcting Method for Non-Gaussian Lvy Processes

For a non-Gaussian Levy model, it is shown that if the model exists a trivial arbitrage-free interval, option pricing by mean correcting method is always arbitrage-free, and if the arbitrage-free interval is non-trivial, this pricing method may lead to arbitrage in some cases. In the latter case, some necessary and sufficient conditions under which option price is arbitrage-free are obtained.

A NUMERICAL METHOD FOR SECOND ORDER MEAN FORCES AND SLOWLY VARYING FORCES ON A FLOATING STRUCTURE

Existing far field expressions of second order potentials are by no means complete.Hence there has been no exact far field expression of second order potentials.In this paper the far field expression for Φ_d^((2)) is purposely avoided in deducing the formulae of second order forces and a series of functions Φ_(dRn)^((?)) are used.The far field expression of is given,which for (x,U,z)∈Σ,φ_(dRn)^((2))(?) φ_d^((2)).Using these properties formulae for calculating second order diffraction forces are obtained.To calculate the integral ∫∫_(?)1/g f_(?)Ψ_(?)ds it is divided into two parts.One is the integral over a finite domain and the function under the integral is continuous,so the usual approximate integration formulae may be used. The other is the integral over an infinite domain.Using the far field expression of first order potentials,formulae for calculating the integral to meet given accuracies are given. The mooring force in surge direction is used for comparison between numerical predictions and experimental measurements.The predicted results are checked against the measured value in a specially designed test.In the low frequency domain of interest,the mooring forces in surge,for calculated and experimental spectra are in good consistency so long as the damping coefficients is choosen appropriately.

Artificial frozen orbit control scheme based on J_2 perturbation

Since the inclination of frozen orbit with non-rotation of the perigee that occurs due to J2 perturbation must be equal to the critical inclination, this regulation has restricted the application of frozen orbit a lot. In this paper, we propose two control strategies to eliminate the secular growth of the argument of the perigee for orbits that are not at the critical inclination. One control strategy is using transverse continuous low-thrust, and the other is using both the transverse and the radial continuous low-thrusts. Fuel optimization in the second control strategy is addressed to make sure that the fuel consumption is the minimum. Both strategies have no effect on other orbital parameters’ secular motion. It is proved that the strategy with transverse control could save more energy than the one with radial control. Simulations show that the second control strategy could save 54.6% and 86% of energy, respectively, compared with the two methods presented in the references.

Decomposition and decoupling analysis of carbon dioxide emissions in African countries during 1984–2014

The potential for mitigating climate change is growing worldwide,with an increasing emphasis on reducing CO_(2)emissions and minimising the impact on the environment.African continent is faced with the unique challenge of climate change whilst coping with extreme poverty,explosive population growth and economic difficulties.CO_(2)emission patterns in Africa are analysed in this study to understand primary CO_(2)sources and underlying driving forces further.Data are examined using gravity model,logarithmic mean divisia index and Tapio's decoupling indicator of CO_(2)emissions from economic development in 20 selected African countries during 1984-2014.Results reveal that CO_(2)emissions increased by 2.11%(453.73 million ton)over the research period.Gravity centre for African CO_(2)emissions had shifted towards the northeast direction.Population and economic growth were primary driving forces of CO_(2)emissions.Industrial structure and emission efficiency effects partially offset the growth of CO_(2)emissions.The economic growth effect was an offset factor in central African countries and Zimbabwe due to political instability and economic mismanagement.Industrial structure and emission efficiency were insufficient to decouple economic development from CO_(2)emissions and relieve the pressure of population explosion on CO_(2)emissions in Africa.Thus,future efforts in reducing CO_(2)emissions should focus on scaleup energy-efficient technologies,renewable energy update,emission pricing and long-term green development towards sustainable development goals by 2030.

Evaluation of regional water security using water poverty index

Water security is a widely concerned issue in the world nowadays.A new method,water poverty index(WPI),was applied to evaluate the regional water security.Twelve state farms in Heilongjiang Province,Northeastern China were selected to evaluate water security status based on the data of 2006 using WPI and mean deviation grading method.The method of WPI includes five key indices:resources(R),access(A),capacity(C),utilization(U)and environment(E).Each key index further consists of several sub-indices.According to the results of WPI,the grade of each farm was calculated by using the method of mean deviation grading.Thus,the radar images can be protracted of each farm.From the radar images,the conclusions can be drawn that the WPI values of Farm 853 and Hongqiling are under very safe status,while that of Farm Raohe is under safe status,those of Farms Youyi,597,852,291 and Jiangchuan are under moderate safe status,that of Farm Beixing is under low safe status and those of Farm Shuangyashan,Shuguang and Baoshan are under unsafe status.The results from this study can provide basic information for decision making on rational utilization of water resources and regulations for regional water safety guarantee system.