Research Progress of Detection Methods for Microplastics

Microplastics are plastic particles or fibers with a diameter of less than 5 mm,and they widely exist in the environment and pose potential risks to the ecosystem and human health.Microplastics detection can provide basic data for formulating effective environmental protection strategies.In this paper,the physical,chemical and biological detection methods of microplastics are reviewed,and the advantages and disadvantages of different methods are analyzed.The problems and challenges encountered in microplastics detection are analyzed,and the future research is discussed.

Research and Practice of the Blended Teaching Model of BOPPPS Teaching Method Under the Background of Digital Education: Taking Operations Research Course as an Example

The rapid development of digital education provides new opportunities and challenges for teaching model innovation.This study aims to explore the application of the BOPPPS(Bridge-in,Objective,Pre-assessment,Participatory learning,Post-assessment,Summary)teaching method in the development of a blended teaching model for the Operations Research course under the background of digital education.In response to the characteristics of the course and the needs of the student group,the teaching design is reconstructed with a student-centered approach,increasing practical teaching links,improving the assessment and evaluation system,and effectively implementing it in conjunction with digital educational technology.This teaching model has shown significant effectiveness in the context of digital education,providing valuable experience and insights for the innovation of the Operations Research course.

Research and Application of Bedside Rhetorical Teaching Method in Teaching Nursing Interns

Objective:To observe and analyze the application of the bedside rhetorical teaching method in teaching nursing interns.Methods:A total of 64 nursing interns in the gastroenterology department of our hospital from July 2022 to May 2023 were randomly divided into two groups,32 cases in the control group and 32 cases in the intervention group.The control group was given conventional teaching methods,and the intervention group was given the bedside rhetorical teaching method on the basis of the conventional teaching.The differences in the methods of teaching between the two groups were compared after the end of the internship,and there was a statistically significant difference with P<0.05.Results:The scores of the interns in the intervention group were significantly better than those of the control group in theoretical knowledge,communication skills,and case analysis items(P<0.05).Conclusion:The bedside rhetorical teaching method transforms classroom education into bedside teaching,which enables the interns to apply the theoretical knowledge to clinical practice,and has a higher improvement in the three aspects of disease knowledge,communication skills,and case analysis,cultivates the interns’comprehensive clinical skills,and lays a good foundation for the future entry into the nursing field.

Research Progress and Identification Method of Apple Stress Resistance

In the research, changes of apple chemistry, and molecule, under stresses, are n terms of morphology, physiology, bio- illustrated and research and identifica- tion methods of apple resistance are explored involving drought-resistance, flood-re- sistance, salt-stress resistance, cold-hardiness and heat-resistance. In addition prospects of apple resistance research are proposed, as well.

Research Progress in Occupational Health Risk Assessment Methods in China

Traditional occupational disease control and prevention has remained prevalent in China over recent decades. There are appropriately 30,000 new case reports of occupational diseases annually. Although China has already established a series of occupational disease prevention programs, occupational health risk assessment （OHRA） strategies continue to be a limitation.

Effective point kinetic parameters calculation in Tehran research reactor using deterministic and probabilistic methods

The exact calculation of point kinetic parameters is very important in nuclear reactor safety assessment, and most sophisticated safety codes such as RELAP5, PARCS,DYN3D, and PARET are using these parameters in their dynamic models. These parameters include effective delayed neutron fractions as well as mean generation time.These parameters are adjoint-weighted, and adjoint flux is employed as a weighting function in their evaluation.Adjoint flux calculation is an easy task for most of deterministic codes, but its evaluation is cumbersome for Monte Carlo codes. However, in recent years, some sophisticated techniques have been proposed for Monte Carlo-based point kinetic parameters calculation without any need of adjoint flux. The most straightforward scheme is known as the ‘‘prompt method'' and has been used widely in literature. The main objective of this article is dedicated to point kinetic parameters calculation in Tehran research reactor(TRR) using deterministic as well as probabilistic techniques. WIMS-D5B and CITATION codes have been used in deterministic calculation of forward and adjoint fluxes in the TRR core. On the other hand, the MCNP Monte Carlo code has been employed in the ‘‘prompt method''scheme for effective delayed neutron fraction evaluation.Deterministic results have been cross-checked with probabilistic ones and validated with SAR and experimental data. In comparison with experimental results, the relativedifferences of deterministic as well as probabilistic methods are 7.6 and 3.2%, respectively. These quantities are10.7 and 6.4%, respectively, in comparison with SAR report.

Plant Root Research Methods and Trends

The root system is an important organ that plants absorb nutrients from the soil, and can synthesize the vital substances necessary for the plant. However, the study on root system is burdened with great challenges due to its underground roots. In order to further explore the research methods and techniques of plant roots, the research mainly reviewed the research methods of root system, and summarized the methods of conventional root research, such as digging method, core drilling method, container method and isotope method. The progress of CT scan method, ground penetrating radar, special environmental culture method, nucle- ar magnetic resonance method and CCD three-dimensional imaging method were reviewed. Prospects for plant root research were made according to the trends of root research methods usincl hiqh-end technolo.qy at home and abroad.

Delphi methodology in healthcare research:How to decide its appropriateness

The Delphi technique is a systematic process of forecasting using the collective opinion of panel members.The structured method of developing consensus among panel members using Delphi methodology has gained acceptance in diverse fields of medicine.The Delphi methods assumed a pivotal role in the last few decades to develop best practice guidance using collective intelligence where research is limited,ethically/logistically difficult or evidence is conflicting.However,the attempts to assess the quality standard of Delphi studies have reported significant variance,and details of the process followed are usually unclear.We recommend systematic quality tools for evaluation of Delphi methodology;identification of problem area of research,selection of panel,anonymity of panelists,controlled feedback,iterative Delphi rounds,consensus criteria,analysis of consensus,closing criteria,and stability of the results.Based on these nine qualitative evaluation points,we assessed the quality of Delphi studies in the medical field related to coronavirus disease 2019.There was inconsistency in reporting vital elements of Delphi methods such as identification of panel members,defining consensus,closing criteria for rounds,and presenting the results.We propose our evaluation points for researchers,medical journal editorial boards,and reviewers to evaluate the quality of the Delphi methods in healthcare research.

Interview-One of the Key Methods in Social Research

Interviewing is one of the most common and most powerful research methods in sociology. To provide an overview of interviewing in social research, the preliminaries and some tactics applied in interviewing are illustrated firstly. Secondly, various forms of interviewing employed in social research are analyzed specifically. Finally, the issues of interviewing are critically examined.

On Analysis of English Language Education in China from the Research Questions and Research Methods

The present paper first reviewed the major concepts and practices involves in research. A small study was conducted to survey on the prevailing research questions and methods in ELT studies in China, showing a major paradigm shift from qualitative studies to quantitative research and mixed methods, with little critical research identified.

Quantitative comparison of cranial approaches in the anatomy laboratory: A neuronavigation based research method

AIMTo describe the development and validation of a novel neuronavigation-based method, which allows the quan-tification of the anatomical features that define anapproach, as well as real-time visualization of the surgicapyramid. METHODSThe method was initially developed with commercially-available hardware for coordinate collection （a digitizerand a frameless navigation system） and software forvolume rendering; dedicated neuronavigation software （ApproachViewer, part of GTx-UHN） was then developed. The accuracy of measurements and the possibility of volumetric rendering of surgical approaches simulated in a phantom were compared among three different methods and commercially-available radiological software. In the anatomy laboratory, ApproachViewer was applied to the comparative quantitative analysis of multiple neurosurgical approaches and was used by many surgeons who were untrained for the research method.RESULTSThe accuracy of ApproachViewer is comparable to com-mercially-available radiological software. In the anatomy laboratory, the method appears versatile. The system can be easily used after brief training. ApproachViewer allows for real-time evaluation and comparison of surgical approaches, as well as post-dissection analyses of collected data. The accuracy of the method depends on the navigation registration： with a 1-2 mm registration error, it is adequate for evaluation and comparison of most neurosurgical approaches.CONCLUSIONThis new research method and software allows semi-automated visualization, quantifcation, and comparison of neurosurgical approaches in the anatomy laboratory.

A Review of Research Directions and Research Methods of Farmland Weeds

Farmland weeds are an important part of farmland ecosystems.Research on farmland weeds is one of the major research fields in agricultural ecology.It is of great significance for achieving high yield,high quality and high efficiency in agriculture.In recent years,research on farmland weeds has focused on investigation of weed communities,research on weed seed banks,and research on weed control.These three research directions complement each other.Among them,the investigation work of weed communities and the research of weed seed banks are helpful for us to grasp the occurrence of farmland weeds more accurately and provide references for the control of farmland weeds.This article summarizes the research directions of farmland weeds in recent years(weed community investigation,weed seed bank,weed control)and the research methods used,provide reference value for the follow-up research work of farmland weeds,and provide theoretical support for promoting the development of rural ecological industry and building beautiful villages.

Telephone Interview-One of the Key Research Methods in Education

Telephone interviewing is a crucial but not well-documented qualitative research method in sociology.Such aspects as how to conduct a telephone interview and by whom such a method is best used,are illustrated specifically.More importantly,the advantages and disadvantages of telephone interviews are critically exploited.As a relatively cheap,flexible and reliable means of gathering data,telephone interview deserves more attention.Moreover,due to such obstacles as sampling,establishing rapport and recognizing the limitations of data generated,it is best to use telephone interviewing for educational research in conjunction with other data collection methods.

The theory and method research on the double evaluation of land and space:A survey

By reviewing the theories and methods of resource and environmental carrying capacity evaluation and suitability evaluation of land and space development,it provides theoretical and technical support for rational layout and optimization of land and space development pattern.From the aspects of resource carrying capacity,environmental carrying capacity,the importance of ecological protection,the suitability of agricultural production,and the suitability of urban construction,we sort out domestic and foreign documents.The evaluation of resource carrying capacity has changed from single-factor evaluation to multi-factor comprehensive evaluation.At present,the optimization of land use pattern based on the“three-generation”space is still under exploration,it is not enough to systematize and summarize the thought of optimizing the spatial pattern of the national territory.The theoretical framework,model,method and index of“dual evaluation”of territorial space need to be improved continuously,it also needs the scientific analysis and cognition from the natural direction to the human location direction and the spatial equilibrium state as the new driving force.

URBAN TOURISM RESEARCH METHODOLOGY——A Case Study of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Area

This paper tries to apply a new and more comprehensive method to urban tourism research in an expanded field instead of only partially, unilaterally and separately focusing on the city itself. Taking the urban tourism of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao as an example, it aims at presenting a new spatial system of urban tourism research and pointing out the new orientation of urban tourism research in combination of macro level and micro level, from description to explanation. The meanings of the spatial framework construction for urban tourism study are to make clear how urban tourism studies vary with the changes of dimensions of time and space. This is a meaningful discussion because it will bring great changes to the using of literatures, the opening of research perspectives on urban tourism and the upgrading of theories, so as to create a new stage for urban tourism study.

Review on Quantitative Research Methods of Regional Sustainable Development in China

Since the 1990s, with the in-depth study and understanding of sustainable development, quantitative study of regional sustainable development (RSD) was increasingly hot in China. Based on quantitative study of RSD from Core Periodical in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (1992–2008), statistical analysis on the annual distribution, periodicals distribution and changes of the distribution were made. And from perspectives of social–economic, ecological, systematic and emerging methods, the course, problems and trends of the quantitative study methods on RSD were examined and analyzed to get a clear summary. By the review, the context on the quantitative study of RSD was to be clarified. The study also showed that, primarily, fields involving quantitative study are expanding; second, big progresses and constant development have been made on the systematic method gradually sophisticated, the flourishing ecological method and emerging new methods in the context of cross and integration which has made complex integrated systems a more satisfactory solution; third, the method system has been more multi-angled, and the clues of independent innovation have been observed despite the fact that the introduction of imported method is the main trend. Although many problems exist, multi-scale study, dynamic timeseries study and inter-regional comparative study will be further exploited and increasingly carried out with the progress of spatial information technology, which would boost the development and application of new methods in RSD study.

Research method of psoriasis based on HaCaT cells

Psoriasis is a chronic,refractory,inflammatory skin disease that occurs in young adults.The traditional animal model cannot simulate the skin characteristics of patients with psoriasis effectively,so it is difficult to be used for in-depth study of psoriasis mechanism.Immortalized human epidermal cells(HaCaT) is a non-tumor,immortalized human epidermal cell which is widely used in the study of dermatosis.HaCaT cells are the best choice for the study of psoriasis mechanism because their immu.nological characteristics and reproductive ability are coincide with the pathological features of psoriasis.This article reviews the specific methods such as establishment of cell method,cytokine and chemo.kine analysisin the pathogenesis study of psoriasis based on HaCaT cells,hoping to provide some thoughts for drug′s pharmacological activity research.

Values Research and Education by Yi-ological-Systemic-Typological Method in Integration Context

The study of values in the world at present almost follows Western theories and techniques. This is a matter of course in the field of science--technology, but it turns to be much more complicated in the field of social sciences and humanities, because this area is heavily dependent on particular nationalities. Furthermore, the most commonly used in the value research methodology is questionnaire, and using a questionnaire to study values is still restrictive. To overcome this disadvantage, we have developed a Yi-ologieal-Systemic-Typological method to use mostly in studying values. According to Yi-ological method, value education helps learners to recognize values among non-values, non-values among values. According to Systemic method, it helps learners see the changing of values over the time, the close relationship and interaction between values with non-values. Value education according to Typological method helps learners recognize the similarities and differences between cultures, both apart and close ones.

A Hands-on Approach Towards the Application of Research Methods in Academic Paper Writing

Based on an extensive summary of existing literature together with a random sampling of 70 graduate theses at the author’s university and 30 papers submitted to journals,which the author was entrusted to review,the present paper has addressed the novice researchers’common concern of research method application by defining and categorizing research methods and the related terms,combing and discussing the techniques for qualitative,quantitative,and mixed research methods in accordance with different research questions,and finally illustrating and explaining our viewpoints with real-life samples and comments.

APPLICATION OF HARMONIC ANALYSIS METHOD TO RESEARCH ON ROTOR AIRLOADS

According to the rotor vortex theory,the rotor circulation and the rotor induced velocity are developed into Fourier series.The circulation distribution along blade spanwise is expressed in terms of segment-by-segment linear functions.In consequence the induced velocity equations and the circulation equations are derived.The engineering application of the rotor vortex theory is provided.Then the induced velocity and its harmonic components are obtained to provide a quantitative basis for the vortex model.For calculating each harmonic component of the induced velocity a simplified method is put forward which considers the effects of each order circulation with neglecting those of higher order.The method saves the computer time and is of significant benefit.