Development an Adaptive Environmental Assessment Method for Buildings

The idea behind this work is developing an adaptive method for the environmental assessment of buildings, to configure different versions according to the variables affecting them (spatial, temporal and associated with building characteristics) to suit different evaluated projects. This method may be applied using an electronic tool, which is in a development stage. Amending different assessment versions of the adaptive method is done by including the variables effect, according to set of steps, such as modifying the formulation of the assessment items, adjusting their estimation weights, and amending their achievement evaluation levels and their returned scores. When using the adaptive method, the assessment result of a building using a certain version differs from the results using other versions, even in the same country, so configuring an appropriate version due to the variables affecting the assessment helps getting more accurate results than the ones currently provided. The main goal of that research is to introduce the adaptive method that is proposed to ensure a fairer assessment results from the perspective of Green Architecture, and allow a more credible and accuracy of results comparison according to the environmental performance of buildings. The researcher analyzed the different main features she used in developing the adaptive method, the Comparative aspects between it and the current assessment methods, and the expected reached advantages from its usage. The paper arrived to the importance of adapting the environmental assessment of buildings according to the different affecting variables, and recommended developing the adaptive method and its tool to the stage of application to benefit its advantages.

A novel method for calculating broadband electrical performance of high-speed aircraft radome under thermo-mechanical-electrical coupling

The electrical performance of radomes on high-speed aircraft can be influenced by the thermal and mechanical loads produced during high-speed flight,which can affect the detection dis-tance and accuracy of the guidance system.This paper presents a new method that uses the Finite Difference Time Domain(FDTD)method to calculate the electrical performance of radomes under Thermo-Mechanical-Electrical(TME)coupling.This method can accurately characterize the effects of material dielectric temperature drift and structural deformation on the electrical performance of the radome under flight conditions,enabling high-precision full-wave calculations of the broadband electrical performance of the radome.The method initiates by utilizing a Finite Element Grid Model(FE-GM)of the radome to sequentially acquire the radome's response temperature field and structural deformation field through thermal and mechanical simulations.Subsequently,spatial mapping techniques are developed to accurately incorporate the dielectric temperature drift and structural deformation of the radome into its Yee grid Electromagnetic(EM)simulation model.A verification case was designed to test the proposed method,and the results confirmed its high computational accuracy.Additionally,the effectiveness and necessity of the method were further demonstrated by analyzing the electrical performance of a fused silica ceramic radome used on a high-speed aircraft.

Substructure hybrid testing of reinforced concrete shear wall structure using a domain overlapping technique

An online hybrid test was carried out on a 40-story 120-m high concrete shear wall structure. The structure was divided into two substructures whereby a physical model of the bottom three stories was tested in the laboratory and the upper 37 stories were simulated numerically using ABAQUS. An overlapping domain method was employed for the bottom three stories to ensure the validity of the boundary conditions of the superstructure. Mixed control was adopted in the test. Displacement control was used to apply the horizontal displacement, while two controlled force actuators were applied to simulate the overturning moment, which is very large and cannot be ignored in the substructure hybrid test of high-rise buildings. A series of tests with earthquake sources of sequentially increasing intensities were carried out. The test results indicate that the proposed hybrid test method is a solution to reproduce the seismic response of high-rise concrete shear wall buildings. The seismic performance of the tested precast high-rise building satisfies the requirements of the Chinese seismic design code.

Study of Longitudinal Oscillations of a Building on the Basis of Continuum Plate Model

Continuum plate model in the form of a cantilever anisotropic plate developed in the framework of the bimoment theory of plates describing seismic oscillations of buildings is proposed in this paper as a dynamic model of a building. Formulas for the reduced moduli of elasticity, shear and density of the plate model of a building are given. Longitudinal oscillations of a building are studied using the continuum plate and box-like models of the building with Finite Element Model. Numerical results are obtained in the form of graphs, followed by their analysis.

混合地理加权空间自回归模型的Profile GMM估计

为了更好地同时考虑空间自相关性和空间异质性,本文研究一类空间自回归混合地理加权回归模型.基于Profile方法和广义矩(GMM)方法,构造了模型中未知空间自回归参数,常数回归系数和系数函数的两类Profile GMM估计.数值模拟结果表明所提出的估计在有限样本中表现良好.

Spatially dispersive model of wire medium for scattering

The electromagnetic properties of wire medium are studied by analyzing its transmission coefficient, and a homogeneous uniaxial effective permittivity tensor with one spatially dispersive component is obtained. In order to evaluate the validity of the equivalent model for scattering problems, the bistatic and monostatic radar cross sections （RCS） of a block of wire medium are investigated with the finite-difference time-domain （FDTD） method. The difference of RCS from the physical wire medium and the corresponding equivalent model has been compared and analyzed under va- rious parameters of wire medium, which clearly demonstrates the accuracy of the equivalent model of wire medium.

EFFICIENT TIME DOMAIN ANALYSIS of ARBITRARILY SHAPED CONDUCTING WIRE STRUCTURES

We developed an efficient analysis the current induced in the wire structure. The analysis based on the time-Domain Integral Equation, in which a thin wire approximation is used. The time-domain electric field integral equation is used with the moment method to develop a numerical procedure for treating problems of scattering by arbitrary shaped bodies. We present an efficient numerical method for calculating the electromagnetic scattering from arbitrary shaped conducting bodies in the time domain with a comprehensive treatment of a single, straight thin wire. A time domain electric field integral equation is formulated for the problem of an arbitrary shape. The solution method is based on the moment method to solve the straight thin-wire problem.

高阶SF-SFDTD方法在含时薛定谔方程求解中的应用研究

时域有限差分方法(finite-difference time-domain,FDTD(2,2))被广泛用于量子力学中薛定谔方程的求解,然而受Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy(CFL)条件的影响,计算空间中的网格尺寸会限制时间步长的取值范围,极大降低了FDTD(2,2)方法的数值计算效率.另外,FDTD(2,2)方法在时间域和空间域只具有二阶数值精度,在计算中往往会导致较大的误差累计,影响仿真结果的正确性.为了克服这些问题,结合空间滤波方法(spatial filtering,SF)和高阶辛时域有限差分(symplectic finite-difference time-domain,SFDTD(3,4))方法(3和4分别表示时间和空间数值精度),提出了一种时间稳定性条件可扩展的SF-SFDTD(3,4)方法用于求解含时薛定谔方程.SF-SFDTD(3,4)方法无需对传统SFDTD(3,4)方法的迭代公式进行进一步的推导,只需要在每一次的数值迭代过程中加入空间滤波操作,滤除因采用不满足CFL条件的时间步长而产生的不稳定空间域高频分量,保证数值方法的稳定性,因此所提方法与传统SFDTD(3,4)方法具有较高的兼容性.同时,理论分析了SF-SFDTD(3,4)方法的数值色散误差.最后,通过数值算例验证了本文所提方法的正确性和有效性.

基于因果不变表示的领域泛化算法

目的:针对当前领域泛化方法没有考虑到数据和标签之间潜在的因果机制,忽视特征间潜在的语义依赖关系的问题,提出了一种通过解耦因果不变表示(decoupling causal invariant representation,DCIR)实现的领域泛化方法。方法:首先利用矩对原数据进行因果干预,生成具有相同因果特征不同非因果特征的增强数据,模拟非因果特征的可变性。并且提出了解耦邻近因子分解算法(decoupling proximity factorization algorithm,DPFA),基于经验协方差矩阵,通过设置滑动窗口与削减值,获取干预前后的特征不变表示及特征之间潜在的语义依赖关系。结果:在Digits、PACS和CIFAR10-C 3种基准数据集上进行了广泛实验,提出的DCIR方法相较于现有的的基线模型,平均精度分别最高可达到13.6%、26.29%、18.9%的提升。结论:通过解耦因果不变表示实现的领域泛化方法能够有效提升模型的泛化性能。

基于时域二端口模型的综合能源系统气网动态仿真算法

为实现能源多梯度利用并减少环境污染,气-电耦合的综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)逐渐占据全球能源结构的重要部分。为明晰系统运行特性并充分挖掘能源子网调度潜力,综合能源系统动态仿真研究逐渐深入。天然气网中,管道传输过程深刻影响着其动态过程。然而现有管道传输过程时域仿真算法存在着精度与效率的两难。为解决上述问题,提出一种基于时域二端口模型的综合能源系统气网动态仿真算法。首先基于特征线法,构建气网源荷节点关系矩阵,进一步给出时域二端口模型;随后参考特征线法数值格式,构建状态量空间分布矩阵,用于获取气网状态量分布,并提出基于时域二端口模型和分布矩阵的气网动态仿真算法。算例结果表明,所提出的方法具有高效率和高精度两大优势,适合于气-电耦合的综合能源系统的较长时间仿真。

某388m超高层建筑的侧移刚度与整体稳定性分析

通过某带伸臂桁架和环带桁架加强层的边筒-周边框架体系超高层结构工程设计实例,讨论了高层建筑结构侧移刚度和整体稳定性分析方法。指出在计算结构侧移刚度时应考虑楼板面内有限刚度、地下室结构构件变形、混凝土抗侧向力结构构件开裂刚度折减及二阶效应,从而得到更准确的结构侧移变形和最低阶整体屈曲荷载因子。提出了利用弯矩-曲率分析方法,并根据构件实际受力状态,迭代计算混凝土抗侧向力结构构件的开裂刚度折减系数。比较了中国、欧盟及美国规范关于整体稳定性分析的计算方法,提出在进行整体稳定性分析时,应考虑各种不利因素,从而准确评估二阶效应。讨论了高层建筑在正常使用极限状态下层间位移角限值的取值,并介绍了美国规范对层间位移角的计算方法和限值的建议。详细论述了当前中国规程中关于侧移刚度分析的不足并提出建议,以期为相关类似工程设计提供参考。

夏热冬冷地区开放办公建筑回应气候的空间设计策略

区别于传统办公建筑以走廊式的封闭单间为主,新型开放办公建筑体量更大,功能复合,以开放办公空间为主。根据其空间特征,文章提出了4点针对夏热冬冷地区开放办公建筑回应气候的形式空间设计策略:围合庭院的总体形态布局、基于整体气候性能的空间形态组织、主动应对气候差异的中庭空间设计、灵活分隔的开放办公空间设计。最后以绿色视角重新反思了开放办公建筑的空间需求,强调推动建筑行业的绿色低碳应当从价值观的确立和普通人生活方式的养成开始。

地下道路分叉节点段结构受力分析与配筋设计

研究地下道路分叉节点段结构整体结构的受力性能及配筋设计,针对顺德区环湖路地下回旋通道分叉节点段,利用ABAQUS有限元计算软件建立分叉节点段三维精细化分析模型,重点计算结构顶板、底板、侧墙局部受力最大区域。利用“拉应力法”对顶板、底板、侧墙进行配筋设计,并与二维框架计算模型进行对比分析。结果表明,按二维框架模型计算配筋设计偏大,甚至受力钢筋位置会出现错误。本文计算结果对类似地下道路分叉结构配筋设计具有一定参考价值。

基于地区线性矩法的大汶河流域极值降雨频率分析

以山东省大汶河流域为例,采用M-K检验法对6、12、24 h和3 d的年极值降雨资料进行一致性分析,在此基础上,采用地区线性矩法推求站点暴雨设计值,将区域设计值结果与单站线性矩法结果进行对比分析,并绘制了大汶河流域50年一遇暴雨设计值的空间分布图。结果表明,可将大汶河流域划分为3个水文气象一致区,最优分布线型以广义极值分布(GEV)为主;单站线性矩法与地区线性矩法结果的差距(平均绝对相对误差)随样本系列长度的增加而减小,且重现期越大差距越大;大汶河流域暴雨设计值的空间分布不均,但各时段分布态势基本相似。

基于P波位移增长特征的矩震级时域估算方法

震时震级估计是地震预警(EEW)系统的关键环节之一,通过有限记录的幅值和频率成分与震级的统计关系实现震源规模快速估计。然而统计方法未采用客观表征地震能量的物理量,对震源破裂传播过程考虑不足,不能直接量化地震矩。在地震场景应用中,EEW系统存在震级估算结果离散,大震震级低估等问题。为实时量化地震破裂能量,推导了中、小地震P波位移波形参数(位移峰值P_(d)和峰值时刻t_(pd))与地震矩的理论关系,并通过日本地震的震源时间函数库验证。采用日本K-net台网记录,分析近场强震动记录P波位移增长特征,尝试从P_(d)曲线中提取特征参数P_(d)和t_(pd),构建预测矩震级的新参数Pdt。离线数据的矩震级估算结果表明,构造参数Pdt能够可靠地预测地震的矩震级,优于经典预警震级参数P_(d)。该时域矩震级估算方法为EEW系统的地震能量评估提供了新的思路。

双极化面阵的快速波达方向估计算法

针对目前极化敏感面阵空域-极化域联合谱估计运算量大、耗时长的问题,提出一种降维求根MUSIC(Multiple Signal Classification)优化算法。通过对接收信号进行降维处理,提出新的求解模型将传统四维MUSIC转化为两个一维求根MUSIC求解空域波达方向和引用已求解出的空域信息结合拉格朗日乘子法解决来波信号极化信息估计问题。相比传统的4D-MUSIC和秩亏MUSIC,所提算法在不损失估计精度的前提下提高了运算速度,降低了运算复杂度,无需谱峰搜索过程,消除了因搜索步长而导致的量化误差。对日后大规模阵列计算及MIMO(Multiple Input Multiple Output)雷达引入提供快速求解方法。仿真实验表明,所提算法在低信噪比0 dB下空域误差约为0.85°,速度相比秩亏MUSIC提升了约64.7%,验证了该算法的有效性和高精度性。

建筑外墙保温饰面板的环温辐射解耦测试方法

针对环温和辐射耦合测试工况下的建筑外墙保温饰面板,提出一种解耦测试方法。首先,通过信号处理的方法,对饰面板的温度和应变测量信号作S域分析,找到解耦测试信号和耦合测试信号之间的传递函数。其次,通过建立保温饰面板的传热及热应变有限元计算模型,采用数值模拟验证解耦测试方法的准确性。结果表明,温度和应变的耦合与解耦信号高度吻合,应变耦合与解耦信号在非辐射区域较辐射区域延迟大约10 h。

改进频域空间域方法在飞行颤振试验中的应用

传统的频域空间域方法由于使用周期图谱估计,阻尼识别的精度无法保证。为提高对有限的试飞数据进行阻尼识别的精度,保证飞行颤振试验能够安全高效开展。主要研究结合自回归模型谱估计代替周期图谱估计的改进频域空间域方法在颤振试飞中的应用技术,针对大气紊流激励结构响应数据,讨论自回归模型阶次、谱估计方法等对小阻尼情况模态参数辨识精度的影响。对仿真信号和颤振飞行试验实际信号应用不同的数据处理方法进行对比验证,分析结果表明,采用合理的参数,改进的频域空间域方法能够有效辨识结构模态参数,具有一定的工程适用性。

Efficient approach and application of the Green's functions in spatial domain in multilayered media

Based on the dipole source method, all components of the Green＇s functions in spectral domain are restructured concisely by four basis functions, and in terms of the two-level discrete complex image method （DCIM） with the high order Sommerfeld identities, an efficient algorithm for closed-form Green＇s functions in spatial domain in multilayered media is presented. This new work enjoys the advantages of the surface wave pole extraction directly carried out by the generalized integral path without troubles of that all components of Green＇s function in spectral domain should be reformed respectively in transmission line network analogy, and then the Green＇s functions for mixed-potential integral equation （MPIE） analysis in both near-field and far-field in multilayered media are obtained. In addition, the curl operator for coupled field in MPIE is avoided conveniently. It is especially applicable and useful to characterize the electromagnetic scattering by, and radiation in the presence of, the electrically large 3-D objects in multilayered media. The numerical results of the S-parameters of a microstrip periodic bandgap （PBG） filter, the radar cross section （RCS） of a large microstrip antenna array, the characteristics of scattering, and radiation from the three-dimensional （3-D） targets in multilayered media are obtained, to demonstrate better effectiveness and accuracy of this technique.