Permanent deformation and prediction model of construction and demolition waste under repeated loading

This study aims to reveal the macroscopic permanent deformation(PD)behavior and the internal structural evolution of construction and demolition waste(CDW)under loading.Firstly,the initial matric suction of CDW was measured by the filter paper method.Secondly,the PD of CDW with different humidity and stress states was investigated by repeated load triaxial tests,and a comprehensive prediction model was established.Finally,the discrete element method was performed to analyze the internal structural evolution of CDW during deformation.These results showed that the VAN-GENUCHTEN model could describe the soil-water characteristic curve of CDW well.The PD increases with the increase of the deviator stress and the number of cyclic loading,but the opposite trend was observed when the initial matric suction and confining pressure increased.The proposed model in this study provides a satisfactory prediction of PD.The discrete element method could accurately simulate the macroscopic PD of CDW,and the shear force,interlock force and sliding content increase with the increase of deviator stress during the deformation.The research could provide useful reference for the deformation stability analysis of CDW under cyclic loading.

Penalty model for delay of bidding section construction period in South-to-North Water Diversion Eastern Route Project from perspective of programs

According to the multi-project and program management theory, this paper analyzes the program generation principle and establishes a program based on progress goals. On the basis of the present situation of calculation of penalty for delay of the bidding section construction period with the critical path method, we studied the effects of contractor-induced delay of the bidding section construction period in detail, including the effects on the construction period of the bidding section itself, the earliest start times of the next bidding section and other subsequent bidding sections, and the construction period of the program, and then constructed a penalty model for delay of the bidding section construction period from the perspective of programs. Using the penalty model, we conducted a practical analysis of penalty for delay of the construction period of the Baoying station program in the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. The model can help determine the amount of penalty for delay of the construction period in bidding sections scientifically and reasonably,

Geometry model construction in infrared image theory simulation of buildings

Geometric model construction is the basis of infrared image theory simulation. Taking the construction of the geometric model of one building in Harbin as an example, this paper analyzes the theoretical groundings of simplification and principles of geometric model construction of buildings. It then discusses some particular treatment methods in calculating the radiation transfer coefficient in geometric model construction using the Monte Carlo Method.

Safety Risk Assessment of Overturning Construction of Towering Structure Based on Cloud Matter–Element Coupled Model

Rapid urbanization has led to a surge in the number of towering structures,and overturning is widely used because it can better accommodate the construction of shaped structures such as variable sections.The complexity of the construction process makes the construction risk have certain randomness,so this paper proposes a cloudbased coupled matter-element model to address the ambiguity and randomness in the safety risk assessment of overturning construction of towering structures.In the pretended model,the digital eigenvalues of the cloud model are used to replace the eigenvalues in the matter–element basic element,and calculate the cloud correlation of the risk assessment metrics through the correlation algorithm of the cloud model to build the computational model.Meanwhile,the improved hierarchical analysis method based on the cloud model is used to determine the weight of the index.The comprehensive evaluation scores of the evaluation event are then obtained through the weighted average method,and the safety risk level is determined accordingly.Through empirical analysis,(1)the improved hierarchical analysis method based on the cloud model can incorporate the data of multiple decisionmakers into the calculation formula to determine theweights,which makes the assessment resultsmore credible;(2)the evaluation results of the cloud-basedmatter-element coupledmodelmethod are basically consistent with those of the other two commonly used methods,and the confidence factor is less than 0.05,indicating that the cloudbased physical element coupled model method is reasonable and practical for towering structure overturning;(3)the cloud-based coupled element model method,which confirms the reliability of risk level by performing Spearman correlation on comprehensive assessment scores,can provide more comprehensive information of instances compared with other methods,and more comprehensively reflects the fuzzy uncertainty relationship between assessment indexes,which makes the assessment results more realistic,scientific and reliable.

Comprehensive Assessment of Urbanization Coordination:A Case Study of Jiangxi Province, China

In order to make assessment on urbanization coordination, we developed a comprehensive model by integrating entropy weight method(EWM), coupling degree model(CDM), coupling coordination degree model(CCDM), multi-index grading method(MIGM) and Remote Sensing & Geographic Information System(RS & GIS) technology. Then we applied this integrated model to a case study in Jiangxi Province, China. Our study finds that: 1) EWM, CDM and CCDM can evaluate the temporal dynamic of urbanization. Urbanization process of Jiangxi Province can be divided into three periods, the stable development period(1990–2001), the accelerated development period(2002–2009) and the rapid development period(2010–2015). Coordinated development of urbanization in Jiangxi Province can be divided into two phases, an increasingly coordinated phase(1990–2003) and an increasingly incongruous phase(2003–2015). The state transition was due to low development rate of population urbanization. 2) RS & GIS technology is an effective tool for detecting urban growth. Urban construction land area of Jiangxi Province increased from 615.8 km^2 in 1990 to 2896.8 km^2 in2015, and the per capita urban construction land area(PCUCLA) reached 122.9 m^2, with the maximum value of 343 m^2 in Gongqingcheng City. 3) MIGM and RS & GIS technology can analyze spatial difference of urbanization. There is a significant spatial difference in socioeconomic development at county scale, with the maximum value six times the minimum value for both PCUCLA and per capita GDP in 2015. Population urbanization lag and excessive land use are the main reasons for uncoordinated urbanization. There were 15 counties with a lag in demographic urbanization and 33 counties where PCUCLA exceeded the national standard in 2015, among which 20 exceeded the national standard of PCUCLA by 50%(≥165 m^2). Since there are significant spatio-temporal differences in urbanization, it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive assessment to facilitate differential urbanization strategy making.

Structural mechanism and construction method of mud and water inrush in Xiangyun tunnel of Guangtong-Dali railway

Mud and water inrush in tunnel is a common problem in the construction process. Nowadays, the research and classification on this are mostly focused on karst situations. According to the characteristics of the surrounding rock and damage forms of the tunnel in the studied area, the author analyzed the geological and structural characteristics of mud and water inrush in tunnel and obtained their construction type. Meanwhile, the advanced water detection under the complex geological conditions was studied by using induced polarization method, transient electromagnetic method and three-dimensional seismic method, it can be concluded that the water-rich fracture zone exists within the detection range with a risk of large mud and water inrush disaster. The concrete construction treatment measures are put forward:①cement-water glass binary slurry is selected as the material for ground and hole grouting, its advantage is that the gel time can be controlled, and it has certain grout ability in the strata with large permeability coeffcient, which is conducive to excavate construction immediately after grouting.②applying the mature retrograde grouting construction can reduce grouting time and improve the excavation efficiency.

3D-Analysis of Soil-Foundation-Structure Interaction in Layered Soil

The analysis of building structure in contact with soil involves an interactive process of stresses and strains developed within the structure and the soil field. The response of Piled-Raft Foundation system to the structure is very challenging because there is an important interplay between the component of building structure and the soil field. Herein, soil-foundation-structure interaction of buildings founded on Piled-Raft Foundation is evaluated through 3D-Nonlinear Finite Element Analyses using PLAXIS3D FOUNDATION code. The soil settlements and forces demand of the high-rise building structures and foundation is computed. The parametric study affecting the soil-foundation-structure response has been carried out. The parameters such as construction phasing, sequential loading, building aspect ratios, soil failure models and thickness proportion of soil field stiff layer, are considered. It is concluded that the interaction of building foundation-soil field and super-structure has remarkable effect on the structure.

On appraisal models of basketball players'athletics a-bilities

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Comparison of Construction Method for DEM Simulation of Ellipsoidal Particles

Discrete element model was developed to simulate the ellipsoidal particles moving in the moving bed. Multi-element model was used to describe a ellipsoidal particle, the contact detection algorithm of ellipsoidal particle was developed, and both contact force and gravity force were considered in the models. The simulation results were validated by our experiment. Three algorithms for representing an ellipsoidal particle were compared in macro and micro aspects. The results show that there exists big difference in the microscopic parameters such as kinetic energy, rotational kinetic energy, deformation, contact force and collision number which leads to the difference of macroscopic parameters. The relative error in the discharge rate and tracer particle position is the largest between 3-tangent-element representation and experimental results. The flow pattern is similar for the 5-element and 3-intersection representations. The only difference is the discharge rate of 5-element representation is larger than the experimental value and that of the 3-intersection representation has the contrary result. Finally the 3-intersection- element reoresentation is chosen in the simulation due to less comouting time than that of the 5-element renresentation.

Seismic responses of high concrete face rockfill dams:A case study

Seismic responses of the Zipingpu concrete face rockfill dam were analyzed using the finite element method. The dynamic behavior of rockfill materials was modeled with a viscoelastic model and an empirical permanent strain model. The relevant parameters were obtained either by back analysis using the field observations or by reference to parameters of similar rockfill materials. The acceleration responses of the dam,the distribution of earthquake-induced settlement, and the gap propagation under the concrete slabs caused by the settlement of the dam were analyzed and compared with site investigations or relevant studies. The mechanism of failure of horizontal construction joints was also analyzed based on numerical results and site observations. Numerical results show that the input accelerations were considerably amplified near the top of the dam, and the strong shaking resulted in considerable settlement of the rockfill materials, with a maximum value exceeding 90 cm at the crest.As a result of the settlement of rockfill materials, the third-stage concrete slabs were separated from the cushion layer. The rotation of the cantilever slabs about the contacting regions, under the combined action of gravity and seismic inertial forces, led to the failure of the construction joints and tensile cracks appeared above the construction joints. The effectiveness and limitations of the so-called equivalent linear method are also discussed.

Application of Golden Section Method to Channel Transect Design

During the desing of channel transect,the paper brings forward golden section method,which is 0.618 methods.In order to reduce the calculation volume of the natural depth of water h 0 and bottomˉwidth b which apply trial calculation method and graphic method,and improve the calculate precision,the mathematical model has been built up,the writer combines example to explain the train of thought,the result shows that the calculation precision is high,the correctness is tested and verified by the result which is calculated by hand.It can be referred to the hydroelectric works.

“Seminar-案例”综合教学法的模型构建及其在公共政策学教学中的应用

Seminar教学法与案例教学法是欧美大学流行的本科生和研究生的教学模式。Seminar教学法与案例教学法在单独使用中都存在一些难以克服的问题。因此,探讨了"Seminar-案例"综合教学法的教学设计理念,构建了"Seminar-案例"教学模型,并提出了这一综合教学法在公共政策学教学实践应用中应注意的几个问题。

盾构施工诱发临近桥梁安全风险评价

针对地铁盾构施工诱发临近桥梁安全风险评估结果不完善、存在失真等问题,提出一种基于变权可拓云模型的盾构施工诱发临近桥梁安全风险评价方法。首先,结合以往研究基础和实际工程经验,建立盾构施工诱发临近桥梁安全事故机理模型,进而确定孕险环境、致险因子和承险体3个1级指标,其中包括有岩土层物理性能参数、隧道工程条件、盾构施工条件、盾构施工参数、施工管理风险、桥梁现状及桥梁自身条件7个2级指标和内摩擦角、弹性模量等27个3级指标为依据建立盾构施工诱发临近桥梁安全风险评价指标体系。其次,通过改进CRITIC客观赋权法获取评价指标权重,并采用变权可拓云模型构建盾构施工诱发临近桥梁安全风险评价模型,其中引入变权理论得到使评价结果更加科学合理的变化权重。最后,对某市轨道交通1号线一期工程Ⅱ标段沿线桥梁进行实例分析。研究结果表明,4座盾构施工临近桥梁安全风险等级分别为Ⅲ、Ⅱ、Ⅱ、Ⅰ级。其中,该施工场地各项土体指标、隧道覆跨比、隧道埋深、隧道直径及桥桩与隧道的相对位置等指标风险较大,即该段隧道盾构施工时对于桥梁自身情况及其施工场地环境需要重点监测,并严格做好周围土体加固等各项技术措施。研究结果可为盾构施工诱发临近桥梁安全风险防控提供科学有效的参考依据。

洞桩法地铁车站边桩结构受力机制的模型试验设计

为了方便学生更形象地理解洞桩法地铁车站边桩结构的受力机制,该文以广州地区某洞桩法地铁车站工程为依托,设计了一种简化的洞桩法车站边桩结构模型试验。基于该试验方法,演示分析了边桩结构在洞桩法车站开挖过程中的施工力学行为规律,并对比研究了不同桩型布置参数下的桩后土压力、边桩结构的力学和变形规律。通过该试验,为学生展示了洞桩法边桩结构模型的设计、制作、试验具体操作及数据监测的全过程,从而让学生更好地掌握洞桩法车站边桩结构力学行为演变规律,以及采用不同边桩布置型式的力学行为差异。

基于组合赋权-VIKOR法的山区施工便道方案优选模型

为对山岭地区施工便道方案进行客观、全面、精准评价,结合行业设计规范和相关研究成果,构建山区施工便道方案指标评价体系,提出一种山区施工便道方案优选模型。该模型采用三标度层次分析法和熵权法分别计算评价指标的主、客观权重,基于博弈论思想对主、客观权重进行赋权确定综合权重,并运用VIKOR法(多准则妥协解排序法)对山区施工便道方案进行优选。以某高速公路山区施工便道方案比选为工程实例,针对4种施工便道方案进行综合比选,并将本文模型与加权TOPSIS法(优劣解距离法)、灰色加权关联分析法进行对比分析。研究结果表明:3种计算模型得出的最优方案一致,组合赋权的方法克服了单一赋权的缺陷,使指标评价更客观。相比于加权TOPSIS法和灰色加权关联分析法,本文模型能抵御外部因素的干扰,明显地辨别方案之间的差距,得到准确清晰的方案排序,且当评价方案众多时,本文模型能够提供更多方案选择,得到最优化方案。

基于知识图谱的建筑施工安全风险量化与分析

为了提高建筑施工安全风险管理的信息化水平,以建筑施工活动及事故风险类型为研究对象,建立施工安全知识图谱。通过知识图谱改进作业条件危险性评价法(LEC)实现安全风险的定量计算,并基于知识图谱进行风险位置识别和不安全因素分析。研究提出安全风险虚体实化理念,实现了安全风险信息在数字空间实体化表达;基于建筑信息模型(Building Information Modeling, BIM)和知识图谱技术,建立了建筑施工安全风险信息模型(Building Construction Safety Risk Information Model, BCSRIM)。该模型有效避免了传统LEC法中主观因素产生的影响,实现了建筑施工安全风险定量计算、风险位置识别、风险分析及可视化管理。利用Revit二次开发技术,在Microsoft Visual Studio中使用C#语言连接Neo4j图数据库,完成了基于知识图谱的BCSRIM的开发。试验显示,研究提出的BCSRIM对提高施工现场的管理水平具有较高的实用价值。

Dynamic Comparison and Trend analysis of Southeast Guizhou's Experimental Area of Eco-civilization Construction and the National Eco-efficiency

In order to better understand the development level of eco-efficiency in Southeast Guizhou's experimental area of eco-civilization construction,we conduct dynamic comparison research of its eco-efficiency and the national eco-efficiency,using single ratio method based on the ecological footprint model,to grasp the gap between its eco-efficiency and the national eco-efficiency,so that we can take appropriate countermeasures to improve eco-efficiency. The results show that in the period 1978-2010,the eco-efficiency in Southeast Guizhou's experimental area of eco-civilization construction was always lower than the national eco-efficiency; the long-time average annual value of its eco-efficiency was less than one half of that of the national eco-efficiency,with the absolute gap of 1 630. 095 yuan /hm 2 ,and the gap tended to widen year by year in the period 1978-2002 ( the gap increased from 276. 551 yuan /hm 2 in 1978 to peak of 3 227. 713 yuan /hm 2 in 2002,with an average annual increase of 118. 047 yuan /hm 2 ,and especially after 1992,the gap was particularly evident,with an average annual increase of 194.771 yuan/hm 2 ) ,but from 2003,the gap between the two tended to decrease. Based on the prediction results of grey system,in the period 2011-2025,the gap between the eco-efficiency in Southeast Guizhou's experimental area of eco-civilization construction and the national eco-efficiency will gradually narrow,and from 2019, the eco-efficiency in Southeast Guizhou's experimental area of eco-civilization construction will be higher than the national eco-efficiency.

暴雨灾害下的建筑施工现场风险评价研究

为了准确判断施工现场在突降暴雨情况下的安全状态,采用贝叶斯最优最劣法(Bayesian Best Worst Method,BBWM)和云模型方法,提出暴雨灾害下的建筑施工现场风险评价模型,以确定施工现场在遭受暴雨灾害时的风险等级。该模型利用了压力状态响应模型(Pressure State Response,PSR)和灾害系统理论,在考虑致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境稳定性、承灾体脆弱性和减灾能力抵御性4方面的基础上,构建18个风险因素的施工现场风险评价指标体系,并以武汉市某施工现场为例进行验证。结果显示,施工现场的减灾能力抵御性处于最重要的地位,做好现场减灾应对措施对灾害有非常重要的帮助;案例项目的评价结果处于一般风险状态,与现场实际情况相符。

地方本科院校一流本科教育人才培养质量评价体系探析

人才兴,国家兴。人才培养质量是高等学校的生命线,关乎国家的经济发展,也是高等教育的核心内容。院系和专业作为高校的基本单元,对其人才培养质量进行评价和对比,可为学校确定人才培养目标和办学定位,制定科学发展规划,完善专业动态调整机制,提升人才培养质量提供科学方法和依据。该文以地方本科院校建设一流本科教育为基础,构建人才培养质量评价体系模型,依据实证分析结果得出结论。

基于组合赋权-云模型的智能建造应用成熟度的评价

为解决传统施工方式存在的问题,建筑施工企业向智能建造方式逐渐转型已是大势所趋。针对新时代、新基建对智能建造施工的要求并结合能力成熟度理论,提出一种基于组合赋权-云模型的智能建造应用成熟度评价模型。首先,从施工、智能、其他3个维度,构建包含勘测、设计规划、施工现场管理、资源要素、智能建造技术、数据驱动、企业顶层设计7个类别的智能建造应用成熟度评价体系。其次,采用G1法与熵权法确定各指标的主、客观权重,运用博弈论进行权重组合。最后,通过云模型展示施工企业智能建造应用成熟度等级,并依据评价结果进行展望。研究结果表明:施工企业智能建造应用成熟度评价等级为“集成共享级”,评价结果与该企业实际情况吻合,验证了本文方法的适用性与科学性,为施工企业智能建造应用的发展提供科学依据。