Research on a TOPSIS energy efficiency evaluation system for crude oil gathering and transportation systems based on a GA-BP neural network

As the main link of ground engineering,crude oil gathering and transportation systems require huge energy consumption and complex structures.It is necessary to establish an energy efficiency evaluation system for crude oil gathering and transportation systems and identify the energy efficiency gaps.In this paper,the energy efficiency evaluation system of the crude oil gathering and transportation system in an oilfield in western China is established.Combined with the big data analysis method,the GA-BP neural network is used to establish the energy efficiency index prediction model for crude oil gathering and transportation systems.The comprehensive energy consumption,gas consumption,power consumption,energy utilization rate,heat utilization rate,and power utilization rate of crude oil gathering and transportation systems are predicted.Considering the efficiency and unit consumption index of the crude oil gathering and transportation system,the energy efficiency evaluation system of the crude oil gathering and transportation system is established based on a game theory combined weighting method and TOPSIS evaluation method,and the subjective weight is determined by the triangular fuzzy analytic hierarchy process.The entropy weight method determines the objective weight,and the combined weight of game theory combines subjectivity with objectivity to comprehensively evaluate the comprehensive energy efficiency of crude oil gathering and transportation systems and their subsystems.Finally,the weak links in energy utilization are identified,and energy conservation and consumption reduction are improved.The above research provides technical support for the green,efficient and intelligent development of crude oil gathering and transportation systems.

Application of Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method Based on Entropy Weight Theory in Evaluation of Salt Tolerance of Cotton

[Objective] The aim was to propose a new entropy weight fuzzy compre- hensive evaluation method for assessing cotton salt tolerance, realizing the objective, accurate and comprehensive evaluation of salt tolerance of cotton. [Method] A sand culture experiment under salt stress of 150 mmol/L of NaCI was designed. The in- dicator weight was determined with the entropy weight fuzzy comprehensive evalu- ation method, based on the salt injury index of indicators. The salt tolerance of cotton was evaluated comprehensively. [Result] At the germination stage, the entropy and weight of salt injury index of germination energy, vigor index, hypocotyl length and fresh weight were highest, followed by germination rate and germination index, and of root length were lowest. At the seedling stage, the entropy and weight of salt injury index of plasma membrane permeability, root vigor and leaf expansion rate were highest, followed by plant height and net photosynthetic rate, and of shoot dry weight and root dry weight were lowest. The salt tolerance of cotton differed a- mong growth stages and cultivars. Among the 11 cultivars, CCRI-44 and CCRI-75 were steadily salt-tolerant at both germination and seedling stages; CCRI-17, Sumi- an 22, Sumian 15 and Dexiamianl had a stable moderate salt tolerance; while Sumian 12 and Simian 3 were steadily salt-sensitive. [Conclusion] The evaluated result was objective and exact, which indicated that this method could be used in comprehensive evaluation of salt tolerance of cotton.

Application of Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method Based on Entropy Weight to Evaluate Pond Water Quality

[Objective] This study was to provide references for the evaluation of water quality in aquaculture ponds by evaluating the pond water quality using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method based on entropy weight. [Method] The fuzzy compre- hensive evaluation method based on entropy weight was used to evaluate the water quality in the ponds with Ukraine scale carp （Cyprinus carpio） as the main cultivated fish. The average size of the fish was 71.4 g/ind, and totally three groups of pond were set with the population density of 6 000, 9 000, 12 000 ind/hm2. [Result] According to the GB3838-2002 Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water of China, the water quality of 6 000 ind/hm2 group was Grade I, and the water quality of 9 000 and 12 000 ind/hm2 were Grade V. [Conclusion] With the increasing of feeding density, the pond water quality would worsen, however, there is no difference on water quality between 9 000 and 12 000 ind/hm2 groups.

Determining the Quality of Mine Gushing and Mixed Water Using Coupled AHP and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Methods

This study focused on analysis of the chemical characteristics of mine waters. The aim of this study is to correlate the degree of different ionic components in mine water and the influence of their convergence using a combination of the three-scale AHP and fuzzy evaluation methods for the comprehensive evaluation of water quality. Ion chromatography (ICS 1100) has been used to analyze the content of the water sample while portable pH/EC/TDS/Tem- perature meters (SX 811 and SX 813) were used to test physical-chemical parameters. The results of this study show that chemistry of in No.11 gushing mine is dominated by HCO3-Na and HCO3-Ca, and had a pH between 7.1 and 8.00, belonging to neutral or slightly alkaline water. In addition, water were found to have the hardness between 18 mg/L and 542.5 mg/L. Results also show that the TDS of the roof sandstone and goaves water are higher than Cambrian limestone water, while the turbidity of the mixed water is 20 NTU in the sump, again higher than in other samples such as Cambrian limestone water. Total dissolved solids and the total hardness of Cambrian limestone groundwater mainly depend on the content of K+ + Na+, Ca2+, B={b1,b2,…,bj} and SO2-4. Thus, chemical composition changes remarkably after mine water mixing. Results showed that the coal roof sandstone water is class V while that in the sump is class III, and the Cambrian limestone groundwater is class I. In gushing, the quality of water can vary greatly;thus, water from the coal face roof sandstone and the Cambrian limestone should be stored and treated separately before being utilized.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Distributed PV Grid-Connected Based on Combined Weighting Weights and TOPSIS-RSR Method

To effectively quantify the impact of distributed photovoltaic(PV)access on the distribution network,this paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation method of distributed PV grid connection combining subjective and objective combination of assignment and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)—rank sum ratio(RSR)(TOPSIS-RSR)method.Based on the traditional distribution network evaluation system,a comprehensive evaluation system has been constructed.It fully considers the new development requirements of distributed PV access on the environmental friendliness and absorptive capacity of the distribution grid and comprehensively reflects the impact of distributed PV grid connection.The analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was used to determine the subjective weights of the primary indicators,and the Spearman consistency test was combined to determine the weights of the secondary indicators based on three objective assignment methods.The subjective and objective combination weights of each assessment indicator were calculated through the principle of minimum entropy.Calculate the distance between the indicators to be evaluated and the positive and negative ideal solutions,the relative closeness ranking,and qualitative binning by TOPSIS-RSR method to obtain the comprehensive evaluation results of different scenarios.By setting up different PV grid-connected scenarios and utilizing the IEEE33 node simulation algorithm,the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed subject-object combination assignment and integrated assessment method are verified.

Screening of Long Cowpea[Vigna unguiculata(L.)Walp.ssp.sesquipedialis]Varieties in Autumn in Hunan and Comparison of Various Comprehensive Evaluation Methods

[Objectives]The paper was to screen new varieties of long cowpea that are suitable for autumn cultivation in Hunan,as well as to develop a comprehensive evaluation method to assess their adaptability and performance.[Methods]A total of 48 long cowpea varieties were introduced,and a range of comprehensive evaluation methods was employed to assess these varieties through the collection and analysis of field data.[Results]The square Euclidean distance of 14 allowed for the classification of all varieties into eight distinct groups.Groups II,III,and V belong to the autumn dominant group within this region,while groups I and VIII belong to the intermediate group.Additionally,groups IV,VI,and VII belong to the autumn inferior group in this area.Through a comparative analysis of various comprehensive evaluation methods,it was determined that the common factor comprehensive evaluation,grey correlation method,and fuzzy evaluation method were appropriate for application in the selection of long cowpea varieties.Furthermore,the evaluation outcomes were largely consistent with the cluster pedigree diagram.[Conclusions]Through comprehensive index method,ten varieties demonstrating superior performance in autumn cultivation have been identified,including C20,C42,C29,C40,C3,C14,C18,C25,C15,and C47.The selected varieties exhibit several advantageous traits,such as a reduced growth duration,a lower position of initial flower nodes,a decreased number of branches,predominantly green young pods,elongated pod strips,thicker pod structures,an increased number of pods per plant,and higher overall yields.These characteristics render them particularly valuable for extensive cultivation.

Multilevel grey evaluation on the comprehensive contribution of standards to Shanghai automobile industry

Standard has played an important role in modern enterprises and society through the encouragement of technology innovation and distribution. Based on the survey of 30 typical enterprises in the field of automobile in Shanghai, this paper makes quantitative analysis on comprehensive contribution of standard to automobile industry and accomplishes the demonstration of standard comprehensive evaluation index system. The analysis shows that standardization makes obvious contribution to Shanghai automobile industry.

Comprehensive Evaluation on the Regional Economy of Commodity Grain Base in Heilongjiang Province Based on Factor Analysis Method

Taking a total of 13 areas in Heilongjiang commodity grain base as the research objects,9 indices are selected,which are regional GDP(X1),per capita GDP(X2),total value of tertiary industry(X3),financial revenue(X4),urban fixed assets investment(X5),average salary(X6),gross industrial output value(X7),total output value of farming,forestry,husbandry and fishing(X8),and retail sales of social consumer goods(X9).Based on this,evaluation index system of regional economy is established.According to the 2006-2008 Heilongjiang Statistical Yearbook,average values within 3 years are used as analytical data.Factor Analysis Method is adopted to establish regression model and to carry out comprehensive analysis.Result shows that Heilongjiang commodity grain base has extremely uneven regional economic development in different areas.According to the score order and actual situation,the 13 areas are divided into 4 types.The first and second types are Harbin and Daqing,respectively.The third type is Qiqihaer,Suihua,Mudanjiang and Jiamusi.And the forth type is Jixi,Shuangyashan,Heihe,Yichun,Qitaihe,Hegang and Daxinganling.Suggestions for the development of these areas are put forward.

Comprehensive experiment and evaluation on safety due to fully-mechanized mining under the Xitian River at Linxin Mine

L3414 mechanized mining working face (No.14 coal seam) of Lingxin Mine is under the Xitian River.The mining disturbed zone where rock properties and conditions have been changed due to mining, the safety and environmental protection were con- cemed greatly. Based on engineering geological environment of L3414 working face and mining factors, the color bore-bole TV inspecting, leakage of drilling fluid monitoring, simulation experiment, numerical computing, in-situ ground stress measurement and subsidence measurement, etal, these programs contribute to the formation of a scientific basis for control water safe mining and normal mining or environmental protection in the condition of existing fully-mechanized mining.

Tourists' Demand for Heritage Utilization Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation:A Case Study of the Summer Palace

Under the background of whole-region tourism,heritage is utilized in a more diversified and various way.With the continuous deepening of the experience economy,the integration of various technical means such as VR and AR,and the construction of Internet platforms,it is more necessary to integrate various utilization methods,so that tourists can get more humanized and personalized experience in addition to traditional displays,and more intuitively feel the space,history,allusions,handicrafts and other aspects of Chinese heritage,showing the charm of Chinese traditional culture.In this paper,based on literature analysis,the utilization methods of heritage were sorted out,and the survey questionnaires were analyzed by analytic hierarchy process (AHP).A model was established to obtain the weight of various utilization methods,and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to conduct empirical research with the Summer Palace as an example.It is concluded that in the future utilization of heritage,on the basis of heritage protection as much as possible,combining traditional festivals,special themes,etc.to carry out various forms of activity and experience utilization will more effectively improve the satisfaction of tourists and achieve the purpose of inheriting culture.

RESEARCH ON THE THEORY AND METHODS OF COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF REGIONAL COAL RESOURCES

consists of forecasting for the total reserves of regional mineral resources and evaluation,compreIn general,based on evaluated objects and factors involved,evaluation of mineral resources hensive evaluation of regional mineral resources, and economic and technical evaluation of deposits. Here a region can be a country, a province, or a mining area, while a deposit is mainly related to a single type of mineral, although it can contain more than one types of minerals. In the past, to assess mineral resources was primarily to evaluate and forecast the total reserves of regional mineral resources. With the advancement of science, technology, and economy, the evaluation of mineral resources has developed from forecasting the reserves of them to comprehensively evaluating them on the basis of numerous factors.

基于熵值赋权的DTOPSIS法综合评价新疆喀什地区复播谷子品种

为了筛选出适宜新疆喀什地区复播种植的谷子新品种,同时为谷子品种筛选提供一种新的综合评价方法。本研究以‘冀杂金苗’、‘豫谷18’、‘陇谷32’、‘陇谷29’、‘陇谷23’共5个谷子品种为试材,选择11个评价指标(产量、生育期、株高、穗长、单株草重、单穗重、穗粒重、千粒重、出米率、抗倒伏、谷瘟病),利用熵权法对各评价指标赋权,采用DTOPSIS法对其进行综合评价。结果表明谷子品种的抗倒伏性、谷瘟病对谷子品种的综合评价影响较大,权重分别为0.6191和0.2327,‘豫谷18’和‘冀杂金苗’排在第一位和第二位,但‘豫谷18’的产量明显低于其他品种,排在最后一位,‘冀杂金苗’产量排在第三位。‘冀杂金苗’(0.7468)综合性状稳定,产量中上,为3906.75 kg/hm^(2),适宜在喀什地区复播种植推广,替代‘豫谷18’。

The comprehensive evaluation of China＇s urbanization and effects on resources and environment

This paper constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system for the urbanization level in China in terms of four aspects of urbanization connotation： population, economy, society, and land. A comprehensive measurement is carried out for the Chinese urbanization between 1981 and 2006 based on the Entropy method. The results show that the comprehensive level of urbanization in China has a continuous increase with the major features of economic growth and a rapid evolution of the geographical landscape, followed by population urbanization and then social urbanization of health care standard; the distinguished evolutional characteristics can also be found in each of the subsystems. The integrated evolution of urbanization has a profound effect on the resources, energy and the environment, making the land resources and energy security situation under severe pressure. The environment pressure is also increased further.

Comparing the soil quality changes of different land uses determined by two quantitative methods

Soil quality is one of the most important environmental factors in sustaining the global biosphere and developing sustainable agricultural practices. A study was initiated in Wolong Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province, China to elucidate the soil quality changes of natural secondary succession, forest planting and agricultural practices after deforestation in the humid mountainous region. The soil qualities of six land use types (natural forestland, grassland, shrub land, secondary forestland, cultivated land and reforested land) were compared using two quantitative methods: the integrated soil quality index(QI) and soil deterioration index(DI). The QI values of natural forestland, grassland, shrub land, secondary forestland, cultivated land, reforested land were 0.8039, 0.3277, 0.9127, 0.6881, 0.0285 and 0.3183, respectively. The DI values were 0%, -14%, 12%, 1%, -26% and -18% respectively. Both indexes suggested that shrub land can restore soil properties. To compare the two methods more directly, a deduced index QI′ based on QI value was developed. The results showed that DI and QI′had a very high linear correlation coefficient (r=0.9775) despite the values were different. Both methods were efficient in evaluating the soil quality levels and DI was a more simple way in soil quality assessment, while QI could show more ecological meanings.

Integrating multisource RS data and GIS techniques to assist the evaluation of resource-environment carrying capacity in karst mountainous area

The karst mountainous area is an ecologically fragile region with prominent humanland contradictions.The resource-environment carrying capacity(RECC)of this region needs to be further clarified.The development of remote sensing(RS)and geographic information system(GIS)provides data sources and processing platform for RECC monitoring.This study analyzed and established the evaluation index system of RECC by considering particularity in the karst mountainous area of Southwest China;processed multisource RS data(Sentinel-2,Aster-DEM and Landsat-8)to extract the spatial distributions of nine key indexes by GIS techniques(information classification,overlay analysis and raster calculation);proposed the methods of index integration and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of the RECC by GIS;and took a typical area,Guangnan County in Yunnan Province of China,as an experimental area to explore the effectiveness of the indexes and methods.The results showed that:(1)The important indexes affecting the RECC of karst mountainous area are water resources,tourism resources,position resources,geographical environment and soil erosion environment.(2)Data on cultivated land,construction land,minerals,transportation,water conservancy,ecosystem services,topography,soil erosion and rocky desertification can be obtained from RS data.GIS techniques integrate the information into the RECC results.The data extraction and processing methods are feasible on evaluating RECC.(3)The RECC of Guangnan County was in the mid-carrying level in 2018.The midcarrying and low-carrying levels were the main types,accounting for more than 80.00%of the total study area.The areas with high carrying capacity were mainly distributed in the northern regions of the northwest-southeast line of the county,and other areas have a low carrying capacity comparatively.The coordination between regional resource-environment status and socioeconomic development is the key to improve RECC.This study explores the evaluation index system of RECC in karst mountainous area and the application of multisource RS data and GIS techniques in the comprehensive evaluation.The methods can be applied in related fields to provide suggestions for data/information extraction and integration,and sustainable development.

基于最优组合权重的GRA-TOPSIS地下采场爆破方案优选模型

从经济技术、人员设备安全及爆破质量参数等3个方面综合考虑,选取15项二级指标作为影响采场爆破效果的评判标准,将AHP法与熵权法相结合进行赋权以确定最优权重,并将优劣解距离法(TOPSIS)与灰色关联法(GRA)相结合,构建GRA-TOPSIS综合评价模型。以某铜矿为例,初选5种爆破方案,根据评价指标对各爆破方案进行定量分析,得出其综合优越度,进而确定最优爆破方案。研究结果表明,5种爆破方案综合优越度分别为58.5%、62.0%、35.0%、68.7%、32.8%,即最优爆破方案为倾斜掏槽、80°倾斜崩矿。经矿山实践验证,评价结果与实际爆破效果吻合,表明将该模型用于采场爆破方案优选是可行的。

The Synthetic Evaluation of Warhead Overall Efficiency

The evaluation system of smart ammunition warhead overall efficiency has been established in this paper. Allkinds of evaluation methods have been analyzed. Having led the concept of hierarchical structure into technique for orderpreference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method, we put forward the step TOPSIS method which is suitable forevaluating the overall efficiency of smart ammunition warheads. In the calculation of index weight, the graded weight cal-culus is put forward which hardly relies on the subjectivity of decision-makers and can reflect the sensitivity and compatibili-ty of the index. In the graded weight calculation, the proportional-arithmetic weight value calculus and sensitivity-compati-bility weight value calculus are given respectively.

基于熵权TOPSIS法的医疗机构临床路径管理标准化评价研究

目的构建医疗机构临床路径管理标准化评价指标体系并进行综合评价实证研究,为提升区域内临床路径管理标准水平提供科学依据。方法基于文献综述和专家咨询法建立临床路径管理评价指标体系,依据潍坊市25家二级及以上医疗机构数据,采用熵权逼近理想解排序(TOPSIS)法进行实证研究。结果建立了涵盖临床路径规范管理、质量安全和资源消耗3个维度的标准化评价指标体系,并对潍坊市25家医疗机构的临床路径标准化管理情况进行了综合评价。结论本研究客观定量分析了影响临床路径管理标准化水平差异的关键因素,有助于引导医疗机构在高质量发展背景下不断提升医疗质量管理水平。

The study of coal mine equipment’s comprehensive evaluation index system and evaluation method

Equipment management is one of the important parts of business administra- tion of coal. Most of coal mines take no account of their equipment management, and have no comprehensive and effective evaluation index system. Based on the analysis of the equipment evaluation measures of reform and the applications, the paper built up a comprehensive and effective evaluation index system of coal mine equipment, and im- proved the evaluation method with the use of fuzzy theory, analytic hierarchy process and entropy method.

基于灰色关联度法和DTOPSIS法对羊草种质资源综合评价

为探讨羊草(Leymus chinensis)种质资源产量与表型性状之间的相关性,筛选出优良的羊草种质。本研究以28份羊草种质资源为试验材料,基于9个田间表型性状,采用2种综合评价方法,进行了羊草种质资源表型性状间相关性分析和优良种质筛选。结果表明,灰色关联度法和DTOPSIS法在羊草田间表型性状与干草产量的关联次序有明显的差异。通过2种方法分别与实际干草产量排序结果进行线性拟合分析,发现相较于灰色关联度法,DTOPSIS熵权值法和熵值法的综合评价最接近干草实际真实测产结果,相关系数分别达到了0.994 5和0.955 7。因此,在羊草表型性状与干草产量相关性田间综合性状分析中应采用DTOPSIS法,该方法更适合羊草多性状评价。同时,通过综合评价发现在羊草高产新品种选育过程中应优先注重提升小穗数量比例,并要考虑叶宽比例,也要注意兼顾其它性状。经过综合评价,在2种评价方法中前三位的种质材料H8、H7和H27具有良好的高产潜力,可进一步作为育种材料进行羊草高产品种的选育。