Separation of the Ternary System of Methanol/ Methyl Butyl Ether/1-Butylchloride

The separation of ternary methanol/methyl butyl ether/1-butylchloride mixtures was inves- tigated, which are the main components of the waste liquid. After preliminary studies on the ternary system, the integrated process of extraction and distillation was put forward to separate the ternary system. The results show that methanol can be removed from the mixtures by extraction using wa- ter as the extracting agent. Through distillation of extract and dried raffinate respectively, methanol, methyl butyl ether and 1-butylchloride can be separated and recovered. In addition, the optimal vol- ume for the extracting agent and effects of reflux ratio on the yield of product were also studied. The optimal volume ratio of the extracting agent to material is 1:3:5, and the yield of the product increa- ses with the increase of reflux ratio.

Sensitivity of green and blue-green algae to methyl tert-butyl ether

The toxicity of methyl tert-butyl ether （MTBE） to Chlorella ellipsoidea and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae was tested and assessed for a 15-d incubation with concentrations of MTBE from high （2.00×10^4 mg/L） to low （2 mg/L）. The results showed that the toxicity was low when the concentration of MTBE was in the range 1.00× 10^4-2.00× 10^4 mg/L （the greatest inhibition of growth-rate was 70%-71%, occurred during the day 1-5）. Low concentrations （2-500 rag/L） stimulated algal growth up to the greatest effect of 85%-200% when the concentration of MTBE was 50-100 mg/L during day 3-5. The toxicity of MTBE （72-120 h EC50） was 6.65×10^3-9.58×10^3 mg/L for C. ellipsoidea and that is 1.14× 10^4-2.00× 10^4 mg/L for A. floc-aquae. We found that the toxicity and ecological risk of MTBE for the algal community structure were low and the toxicity was influenced by the duration time of the test.

Aerobic degradation of methyl tert-butyl ether by a Proteobacteria strain in a closed culture system

The contamination of methyl ten-butyl ether （MTBE） in underground waters has become a widely concerned problem all over the world. In this study, a novel dosed culture system with oxygen supplied by H2O2 was introduced for MTBE aerobic biodegradation. After 7 d, almost all MTBE was degraded by a pure culture, a member of β-Proteobacteria named as PMI, in a closed system with oxygen supply, while only 40% MTBE was degraded in one without oxygen supply. Dissolved oxygen （DO） levels of the broth in closed systems respectively with and without H2O2 were about 5-6 and 4 mg/L. Higher DO may improve the activity of monooxygemase, which is the key enzyme of metabolic pathway from MTBE to tert-butyl alcohol and finally to CO2, and may result in the increase of the degrading activity of PM1 cell. The purge and trap GC-MS result of the broth in closed systems showed that tea-butyl alcohol, isopronol and acetone were the main intermediate products.

Determination of methyl tert-butyl ether(MTBE) in Chinese fuels by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/flame ionization detector

A method was developed to determine the concentration of methyl tert-butyl ether(MTBE) in gasoline, diesel and heating oil by gas chromatography(GC) with mass spectrometry(GC-MS) or flame ionization detection(FID). The diluted gasoline was directly injected into the GC, and the complete separation of MTBE from co-eluting hydrocarbons was not required. GC/MS or GC/FID method can be used to analyze MTBE in different concentration range and have good consistency.

Superior gallstone dissolubility and safety of tert-amyl ethyl ether over methyl-tertiary butyl ether

BACKGROUND The use of methyl-tertiary butyl ether(MTBE)to dissolve gallstones has been limited due to concerns over its toxicity and the widespread recognition of the safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.The adverse effects of MTBE are largely attributed to its low boiling point,resulting in a tendency to evaporate.Therefore,if there is a material with a higher boiling point and similar or higher dissolubility than MTBE,it is expected to be an attractive alternative to MTBE.AIM To determine whether tert-amyl ethyl ether(TAEE),an MTBE analogue with a relatively higher boiling point(102°C),could be used as an alternative to MTBE in terms of gallstone dissolubility and toxicity.METHODS The in vitro dissolubility of MTBE and TAEE was determined by measuring the dry weights of human gallstones at predetermined time intervals after placing them in glass containers with either of the two solvents.The in vivo dissolubility was determined by comparing the weights of solvent-treated gallstones and control(dimethyl sulfoxide)-treated gallstones,after the direct infusion of each solvent into the gallbladder in both hamster models with cholesterol and pigmented gallstones.RESULTS The in vitro results demonstrated a 24 h TAEE-dissolubility of 76.7%,56.5%and 38.75%for cholesterol,mixed,and pigmented gallstones,respectively,which represented a 1.2-,1.4-,and 1.3-fold increase in dissolubility compared to that of MTBE.In the in vitro experiment,the 24 h-dissolubility of TAEE was 71.7%and 63.0%for cholesterol and pigmented gallstones,respectively,which represented a 1.4-and 1.9-fold increase in dissolubility compared to that of MTBE.In addition,the results of the cell viability assay and western blot analysis indicated that TAEE had a lower toxicity towards gallbladder epithelial cells than MTBE.CONCLUSION We demonstrated that TAEE has higher gallstone dissolubility properties and safety than those of MTBE.As such,TAEE could present an attractive alternative to MTBE if our findings regarding its efficacy and safety can be consistently reproduced in further subclinical and clinical studies.

2D-Cell Experiment on Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether Transport in Saturated Zone of Groundwater

As an additive of gasoline,methyl tert-butyl ether(MTBE)has a higher solubility in water,which is about 20 times as high as that of benzene.This characteristic results in MTBE dissolving out of the gasoline into the soil and groundwater.Due to relative unique physicochemical behavior of MTBE it would be an ideal candidate for use in environmental forensic investigations.In order to study the transport and distribution of MTBE in saturated zone of ground water,a two-dimensional experimental cell was setup to simulate the real environment of the groundwater flow.The effects of soil and groundwater flow velocity on the MTBE transport were investigated.The results show that the mobile distance of MTBE in vertical direction was smaller than that in horizontal direction paralleling with the groundwater flow.Because the main dynamics of groundwater flow direction was convection and dispersion,the movement of MTBE is also diffusion in the vertical direction.In addition,the transport of MTBE was more quick in high permeability porous media,and the increase of groundwater flow velocity can accelerate the MTBE plume de-velopment,but the irregularity and randomness of the plume are enhanced synchronously.These research results can give some helps for the investigation of MTBE movement in the groundwater,also can make some references for other petroleum contamination behavior.

Study on Pervaporation Membranes for Removing Methanol from C_5 or Methyl Tert-butyl Ether Mixtures

Several pervaporation membranes,cellulose acetate(CA),polyvinylbutyral(PVB),poly(MMA-co-AA),MMA-AA-BA,CA/PVB blend and CA/poly(MMA-co-AA)blend,were prepared,and their pervporation proper-ties were evaluated by separation of methanol/C5 or methanol/MTBE(methyl tert-butyl ether),The results shows that the CA composite membrane has a high separation performance (flux Jmethanol=35g.m^-2.h^-1 and separa-tion factor α>400)for methanol /C5 mixtures ,and the pervaporation characteristics of MMA-AA-BA copolymer membranes changes with the ratio of copolymer,For CA/poly(MMA-co-AA) blend membrane,the pervapora-tion performance is improved in comparison with CA or poly(MMA-co-AA) membrane,From the experiment of CA/PVB blend membranes for methanol/MTBE mixture,it is found that the compatibility of blends may affect the separation features of blend membrane.

胺液脱硫系统顽固性发泡的原因及对策

为解决中国海油宁波大榭石化有限公司胺液脱硫系统存在顽固性发泡问题,对发泡原因进行了分析,并提出了相应的对策。结果表明:胺液中的大分子烃类和组成复杂的聚合物成分经长时间积累是形成顽固性发泡体系的主要原因;催化裂解干气和气柜气携带的柴油组分是大分子烃类的主要来源,来自上游催化裂解装置液化气中的1,3-丁二烯是聚合物主要来源。采用河北精致科技有限公司开发的减压蒸馏工艺,实现了胺液在线净化处理,净化后胺液的发泡高度不高于4 cm,消泡时间不长于5 s,油质量浓度不大于100 mg/L,胺液清澈透明,可将甲基叔丁基醚含硫量降至45μg/g以下。

2023年年甲基叔丁基醚市场分析及预测

以2019-2023年数据为基础,对我国甲基叔丁基醚的生产建设、市场供需、价格、进出口贸易量及方式进行了详细分析和预测,指出,未来我国甲基叔丁基醚出口量或将保持在百万吨以上水平,进口量保持低位。

催化裂解装置回炼醚后C_(4)馏分增产甲基叔丁基醚

为了充分利用C_(4)资源增产甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE),在中海石油宁波大榭石化有限公司催化裂解(DCC)装置上通过回炼醚后C4馏分,考察回炼醚后C_(4)馏分前后装置操作参数、物料平衡、产品分布、产品性质、能耗等的变化。结果表明:DCC装置回炼醚后C4(6.88 t/h)和气分C_(4)(10.06 t/h)后,一部分异丁烷和正丁烷组分在系统中循环,气分C4中异丁烯体积分数由31.48%降至29.83%,液化气、乙烯收率分别增加1.18,0.11个百分点,丙烯收率下降0.09个百分点,装置能耗(以标准油计,下同)增加0.24 kg/t;MTBE装置加工负荷增加17.93个百分点,MTBE产量增加2.69 t/h,收率增加1.16个百分点,醚后C_(4)出装置量降低2.56 t/h,装置能耗降低4.78 kg/t。

甲基叔丁基醚污染黏土的Archie电阻率模型修正方法

通过引入污染物影响系数及修正孔隙率,提出了一种挥发性有机物污染黏土的Archie电阻率修正模型,并通过米勒土盒单元试验结果给出了模型中的4个参数(胶结指数、饱和度指数、污染物影响系数和孔隙微观分布不均匀性系数)的确定方法。结果表明,黏土的地层因子与孔隙率呈正相关关系,与砂土的相应关系相反,这是黏土颗粒表面电荷对电阻率的影响所致。饱和度指数随体积含湿率的增加呈抛物线变化,随孔隙率的增加呈线性增加,据此提出了同时考虑两种因素的饱和度指数经验公式。综合土体电阻率与体积含水率之间的幂函数关系及与体积含污率之间的线性关系,得到了污染物影响系数的确定方法。孔隙微观分布不均匀性系数a随体积含水率的变化可分为陡降、趋平和缓升3个阶段,土中孔隙水的赋存状态是主要影响因素。

甲基叔丁基醚含硫量高的原因分析及改进措施

对中国石油玉门油田公司炼油化工总厂甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)含硫量高的原因进行了分析,并提出了相应的改进措施。结果表明:原料组成和MTBE降硫塔操作工艺对MTBE含硫量有很大影响;通过采取降低原料含硫量,降低液态烃碳五及以上组分体积分数,延长液态烃在预碱洗罐内反应时间,增加碱液循环比,优化MTBE降硫塔操作等措施,MTBE含硫量由21.98μg/g降至14.28μg/g。

Methyl tertiary-butyl ether inhibits THP-1 macrophage cholesterol efflux in vitro and accelerates atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice in vivo

The biosafety of methyl tertiary-butyl ether(MTBE),mainly used as a gasoline additive,has long been a contentious topic.In addition to its routine toxicities,MTBE has been demonstrated to disrupt glucose and lipid metabolism and contribute to the development of type2 diabetes as well as obesity.As one of the morbidities related to dyslipidemia,atherosclerosis is worthy of being investigated under MTBE exposure.Since foam cells derived from macrophages play pivotal roles during atherosclerosis development,we studied the effects of MTBE on macrophages in vitro and assessed the effect of MTBE on atherosclerosis plaque formation with the ApoE^(-/-)mouse model in uiuo for the first time.Our results demonstrated that exposure to MTBE at environmentally relevant concentrations decreased the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1,which are responsible for macrophage cholesterol efflux,at both mRNA and protein levels in THP-1 macrophages.Consequently,treatment with MTBE inhibited the transport of cholesterol from macrophages to High-density lipoprotein.ApoE^(-/-)mice exposed to MTBE at environmentally relevant concentrations(100,1000μg/kg)displayed significant increases in lesion area in the aorta and aortic root compared to vehicletreated ones.Further analysis indicated that MTBE exposure enhanced the macrophagespecific marker Mac-2 contents within plaques in the aortic root,implying that MTBE could promote macrophage-derived foam cell formation and thus accelerate atherosclerosis plaque formation.We for the first time demonstrated the pro-atherogenic effect of MTBE via eliciting disruption of macrophage cholesterol efflux and accelerating foam cell formation and atherosclerosis plaque development.

影响醚化树脂催化剂寿命的因素及对策

阐述影响合成甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)树脂催化剂使用寿命的各种原因,对影响催化剂寿命的原因进行分析,通过严格要求回收甲醇原料质量、调整脱水频次、严格控制反应器和催化蒸馏塔催化剂床层温度等系列措施,延长MTBE装置醚化树脂催化剂的使用寿命,降本增效245.4万元。

MTBE装置醚化物气-液混合物影响因素分析

甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)是车用汽油的添加剂,它可以提高汽油的辛烷值,改善汽油的燃烧特性,促进清洁燃烧,减少汽车有害物质的排放。但是由于其极高的水溶性、很低的有机-水分配系数和特殊的刺激气味,MTBE成为了一种蔓延性地下水污染物,为了能准确、及时的分析MTBE装置中醚化物气-液混合物的含量和浓度,一般采用丁酮溶解法来分析MTBE。作为高辛烷值汽油掺和组分来提高汽油辛烷值。本论文从分析MTBE纯度的进样针、进样量、柱箱温度、丁酮加入量等方面进行探讨,查找总结出分析过程中影响其纯度的因素,并且提出解决措施,减少分析过程中存在的误差,确保分析结果的准确性。

水质苯甲醚和甲基叔丁基醚的测定方法研究

水中的苯甲醚和甲基叔丁基醚通过吹扫捕集前处理,被热脱附出来的组分经气相色谱分离后,用质谱仪进行检测。实验结果表明:苯甲醚和甲基叔丁基醚SCAN模式的方法检出限均为0.3μg/L,SIM模式的方法检出限分别为0.1,0.08μg/L,检出限能够满足生态环境标准的要求;质谱仪的离子源清洁程度影响校准曲线的线性范围;苯甲醚的盐析效应强于甲基叔丁基醚,方法适用于海水样品分析;苯甲醚和甲基叔丁基醚的正确度分别为85.0%~99.4%与88.3%~97.2%,精密度分别为2.4%~8.1%和1.7%~5.8%。该方法前处理简单易行,回收率好,可以实现一次进样,同时分析挥发性有机物、苯甲醚和甲基叔丁基醚,提高了工作效率。

甲基叔丁基醚对生态与环境的影响

汽油添加剂甲基叔丁基醚 (MTBE)因能提高辛烷值、减少尾气污染物而被广泛使用。虽然MTBE对改善空气质量有积极意义 ,但因其泄漏并具有稳定性、迁移性和毒性 ,对水环境和人类造成危害。笔者综述了MTBE的毒性和对生态环境的影响 ,介绍了MTBE污染的防治现状 。

水蒸气处理条件对β沸石合成MTBE催化性能的影响

用水蒸气处理β沸石作催化剂 ,在 10 0 cm3 间歇高压反应器中研究了甲醇与异丁烯合成甲基叔丁基醚的反应。反应条件 :温度为 70～ 10 0℃ ;压力为 1.5 MPa;醇 /烯摩尔比为 3.73;催化剂用量为 2 .0 g/ mol。结果表明 ,5 5 0℃预处理和 35 0℃、3h水蒸气处理有利于提高沸石的催化活性 ;碱性气氛较中性气氛下处理催化活性高 ;醚化反应的最佳温度为 90℃ ;

珠江三角洲大气中甲基叔丁基醚的污染特征研究

应用先进的大气采样罐、大气样品预浓缩技术和气相色谱，质谱联用仪器，采取长期观测和加强观测方法详细地研究了珠江三角洲大气环境中MTBE的污染浓度水平及其时空分布特征．结果表明，①目前该地区的工业区、交通区以及居住、商业和交通混合区等大气环境中普遍能够检测出MTBE污染物，长期观测的小时浓度均值变化范围从0～1．250μg·m^-3，夏季污染较冬季更为严重，高浓度的MTBE污染物主要集中在城区，郊区显著受到上风向城市和周边城市污染源排放的影响．②夏季加强观测期间，广州市区的日均浓度为（1．520±0．370）μg·m^-3，约为其下风向郊区花都测点的7倍和清洁区从化监测点的100倍．城区呈现早晚2个污染物浓度峰值，夜间为平均浓度最低值时段，而郊区夜间反而出现高浓度峰值．③冬季加强观测期间，广州市城区的日均浓度为（0．950±0．240）μg·m^-3，为其下风向郊区新垦测点的3．6倍，出现多个峰谷，城区在18：00-22：00点均具有较高的污染物浓度，郊区则在次日的04：00-10：00点具有相对较高的污染物浓度．④在光照比较弱的时段市区交通干线附近的大气MTBE浓度随着距地面高度增加而降低，而在光照比较强的时段则随着距地面高度增加反而有所上升，反映出市区近地面大气MTBE污染物除了主要来自机动车尾气排放之外，还有明显的大气光化学反应生成的二次污染物来源．

固相微萃取与气相色谱-质谱联用测定饮用水中甲基叔丁基醚

采用固相微萃取与气相色谱-质谱联用测定饮用水中甲基叔丁基醚（MTBE），研究了萃取头涂层材料、萃取温度、盐浓度、萃取时间和溶液的pH值等操作条件对分析方法的影响。该方法分析MTBE的线性范围0．01～10μg／L。检出限0．66ng/L。0．01μg／L的MTBE水样五组平行测定实验中，相对标准偏差为4．8％。用所建立的方法测得大兴某地下水中MTBE的含量0．8μg／L，加标回收率达到90％。