Colorimetric determination of nanomolar concentrations of silicate in natural waters after liquid-liquid extraction using methyl isobutyl ketone

A sensitive solvent extraction method for the determination of nonamolar concentrations of silicate in natural waters is developed. According to the traditional aqueous silicate method, silicomolybdenum blue formed by the reaction between silicate and ammoni- um molydate and reduced by metol-sulfite reagent is extracted by methyl isobutyl ketone. The absorbance can be enhanced substantially up to 10-folds. The detection limit of silicate is 8 nmol/dm^3 , which is one tenth smaller than the traditional method, with the precision of 4.0% at a silicate level of 50 nmol/dm^3 and 3.2% at a silicate level of 6 μmol/dm^3. Comparing the calibration curves in the distilled water and seawater, it can be seen that the salt effect also exists in the extraction method. However, the salt effect is a linear function of the salinity and can be corrected by simple calibration. The proposed method is successfully applied to the determination of silicate in natural waters. Natural concentrations of arsenate, arsenite and phosphate cause negligible interference.

A Study on Stoichiometry of Complexes of Tributyl Phosphate and Methyl Isobutyl Ketone with Lithium in the Presence of FeCl_3

To study the characteristic of liquid-liquid extraction equilibrium of lithium from brine sources, the complexes formed from tributyl phosphate （TBP） and methyl isobutyl ketone （MIBK） with lithium were investi- gated using FeCl3 as coextracting agent. Liquid-liquid extraction reaction mechanisms were proposed and the stoichiometry of tetrachloroferrate（III） complex with lithium was obtained by regressing the experimental data. It is found that the stoichiometry of tetrachloroferrate（III） to lithium in the complex is 1 ： 1 with either TBP or MIBK as extractant in kerosene. The stoichiometry of the complex of TBP with Li was 1 ： 1 and that of MIBK with Li was 2 ： 1. The formed complexes of TBP and MIBK with lithium are determined to be LiFeCla-TBP and LiFeC14.2MIBK, respectively, according to the rule of neutralization.

Synthesis of Methyl Isopropyl Ketone and Diethyl Ketone over Ni-Na/ZrO_2-MnO_2-ZnO Catalyst

ZrO2-MnO2-ZnO supports were prepared by the co-precipitation method,and then Ni-Na/ZrO2-MnO2-ZnO catalysts were prepared by the impregnation method.In this paper,the reactions to synthesize methyl isopropyl ketone and diethyl ketone by the one-step synthesis method over this catalyst were studied,and meanwhile,the impact of the catalyst preparation conditions and the reaction conditions on catalyst performance was also investigated.It was observed that under the conditions when Ni loading was 25%,calcination temperature was 400℃ and reduction temperature was 410℃,this catalyst had good catalytic performance on the reaction.The suitable reaction conditions were achieved:reaction temperature was 400℃;reaction at atmospheric pressure;liquid hourly space velocity of raw material of 0.5 h 1 ;and the molar ratio of(methanol)/(methyl ethyl ketone)/(water) was equal to 1/1/1.Under such conditions,the conversion of methyl ethyl ketone could achieve 41.7%,and the overall selectivity of methyl isopropyl ketone and diethyl ketone could achieve 83.3%,which was comparable to the conversion of 38.1% and the selectivity of 82.2% achieved by using palladium as the active material.The good stability made this catalyst have good prospects for industrial application.

Salt effect on the liquid–liquid equilibrium of the ternary (water + phenol + methyl isobutyl ketone) system: Experimental data and correlation

The effects of NaCl, KCl and Na_2SO_4 on the liquid–liquid equilibrium(LLE) data for the ternary system, water+ phenol + methyl isobutyl ketone, were determined at 0.101 MPa and 333.15 K and 343.15 K.The nonrandom two-liquid(NRTL) model was used to correlate the experimental data and to yield corresponding binary interaction parameters for these salt containing systems.The Hand and Othmer–Tobias equations were used to confirm the dependability of the determined LLE data in this work.Distribution coefficient and selectivity were used to evaluate the extraction performance of methyl isobutyl ketone with the existence of salt.The magnitude of salt effect on the water + phenol + methyl isobutyl ketone(MIBK) system is in the following order: Na_2SO_4>NaCl>KCl.

Measurements and correlation of liquid–liquid equilibrium data for the ternary(methyl tert-butyl ketone + o, m, p-benzenediol + water)system at(333.2, 343.2 and 353.2) K

In this work, liquid–liquid equilibria(LLE) data for the ternary system methyl tert-butyl ketone(MTBK)+ o, m,p-benzenediol + water were investigated at 333.2 K, 343.2 K and 353.2 K under 101.3 kPa. The performance of MTBK to extract o, m, p-benzenediol from wastewaters was estimated by partition coefficients and separation factors. The Hand and Bachman equations were both applied to check the reliability of the experimental LLE data. Furthermore, the Non-Random Two-Liquid(NRTL) and Universal Quasi Chemical(UNIQUAC) models were applied to correlate the measured LLE data. The results showed a good agreement with the determined ternary LLE data with the root-mean-square error(RMSE) values below 0.71%. MTBK was proved to be a promising extracting agent in extracting benzenediols from effluents.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Lanthanum Nitrate with Methyl-2-pyridyl Ketone Benzoyl Hydrazone

A novel La complex with methyl-2-pyridyl ketone benzoyl hydrazone has been synthesized and determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal is monoclinic with space group C2/c, a =1 7081(3) nm, b =1 5660(3) nm, c =1 3512(3) nm, α=90 00°, β=94 39(1)°, γ=90 00°, V =3 6037(12) nm 3, Z =4 . The complex is a ten-coordinated one with a lanthanum ion surrounded by a N 4O 6 set. The crystal structure is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between water molecules and NO - 3 anions.

Synthesis and properties of soluble poly（aryl ether sulfone ether ketone）s copolymers containing pendant methyl groups

A series of Poly（arly ether sulfone ether ketone）s containing pendant methyl groups were synthesized by the reaction of 4,4＇-[sulfonylbis （1,4-phenylene）dioxy] dibenzoyl chloride （SODBC） with 4,4＇- diphenoxy diphenylsulfone （DPODPS）, 4,4＇- di（2-methylphenoxy） diphenylsulfone （o-Me-DPODPS）, 4,4＇- di（3-methylphenoxy） diphenylsulfone （m-Me-DPODPS）, 4,4＇- di （2,6-bimethylphenoxy） biphenylsulfone（o-Me2-DPODPS） respectively, in a mixture of 1,2-dichloroethane （DCE） and N-methylpyrrolidone （NMP）. These reactions were catalyzed by anhydrous aluminum chloride （AlCl）. The characteristic of copolymers were studied by means of advanced analytical techniques such as FT-IR,1H-NMR, DSC, TGA and WAXD. The results show glass transition temperature （Tg） in the range of 193-206℃, thermally stable in excess of 434℃ and excellent solubility in polar solvents. Methyl-substituted Poly（aryl ether sulfone ketone）s had higher glass transition temperatures, lower initial decomposition temperatures than the unsubstituted ones.

Spectroscopic Properties of Methyl Ketone Bridged Electrochromic Materials: a Quantum Chemical and Experimental Study

Tuning accurately the color of electrochromic materials has been considered as a crucial step to achieve successful electrochromic display. In this paper, the effect of substitution on the color of methyl ketone bridged electrochromic materials has been investigated systematically by experimental and TDDFT methods. By screening 15 functional and 11 basis sets, a statistical method based on M052 X data is developed to estimate the maximum absorption wavelengths(λ_(max)) of electrochromic materials, based on analyzing λ_(max) of 18 molecules. For methyl ketone bridged electrochromic materials, the color from yellow to green and λ_(max) from 400 to 690 nm can be adjusted by electron-withdrawing functional group on Ar2 and electron-donating functional group on Ar1. This work not only exhibits the suitable method to predict the maximum absorption wavelength and color of electrochromic materials, but also inspires and accelerates further development of electrochromic materials for future displays.

Catalytic Hydrogenation Performance of Methyl Isobutyl Ketone over Ni/γ-Al_2O_3 Catalysts

Supported nickel-based catalysts were prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method for the selective hydrogenation of methyl isobutyl ketone to methyl isobutyl carbinol in a fixed-bed reactor. The effects of the nickel source,Ni loading, calcination time, and calcination temperature on the hydrogenation performance were studied. The experimental results showed that the Ni/γ-Al_2O_3 catalyst demonstrated the highest catalytic performance under the preparation conditions by using nickel nitrate as the nickel source with a NiO loading of 20%, followed by calcination at 440°C for 5h. In addition,this catalyst showed the largest specific surface area, best crystal structure, highest active component content, smallest particle size, and uniform distribution of NiO on the surface of the carrier. The nickel-based catalyst prepared using the optimized conditions exhibited a 96.1% conversion of methyl isobutyl ketone, with a methyl isobutyl carbinol selectivity of 99.6%. The described procedure is very effective for the preparation of methyl isobutyl carbinol using methyl isobutyl ketone as the feedstock.

甲基双酚类单体共聚-溴化-羧化法制备羧基化聚醚醚酮

针对2,5-二羟基甲苯、对苯二酚和4,4’-二氟二苯甲酮共聚反应进行研究。结果表明,随着固含量、反应温度以及碱金属碳酸盐中碳酸钾比例的增加,产物含甲基的聚醚醚酮(PEEK-CH_(3))的分子量分布先降低后增加,其最佳反应条件:固含量为25%,缩聚温度为200℃,碱金属碳酸盐与双酚单体物质的量比为1.05:1,碱金属碳酸盐中碳酸钠与碳酸钾的物质的量比为19:1,反应时间为3.5 h。PEEK-CH_(3)溴化反应中二溴取代产物(PEEK-CHBr_(2))最为重要,在液溴用量为—CH_(3)摩尔当量的20倍、反应温度为160℃、365 nm长波紫外线光照下反应2 h后,PEEK-CHBr_(2)占比达到95.8%。最后,通过次氯酸钠氧化PEEK-CHBr_(2),成功制备了数均分子量为4.6×10^(4)、特性黏度为1.5 dL/g的羧基化聚醚醚酮,其水接触角从未改性的PEEK的133.9°降至29.9°。

5-氯-2-戊酮与环丙基甲基酮物性及汽液相平衡

测定5-氯-2戊酮和环丙基甲基酮的物化性质:密度、黏度、摩尔体积、热膨胀系数和表面张力。测定5-氯-2-戊酮(1)+环丙基甲基酮(2)二元体系的汽液相平衡(VLE),并应用Aspen Plus V11中Van Laar方程、Wilson方程和NRTL方程对实验数据进行关联,回归得到二元交互参数。实验结果通过热力学一致性检查。该研究不仅补充了汽液相平衡数据库,也为5-氯-2-戊酮与环丙基甲基酮的分离提供热力学数据。

C4烷烃与烯烃分离工艺研究

以高沸点的甲乙酮(MEK)和N-甲酰吗啉(NFM)及低沸点的乙腈(ACN)为溶剂,对C4烯烃和烷烃的萃取分离工艺,采用Symmetry流程模拟软件进行了工艺模拟优化计算。优化结果表明,在C4烯烃产品回收率98.5%(w)、C4烷烃产品回收率95.0%(w)条件下,ACN与MEK-NFM工艺中烯烃产品的含量均可达92.7%(w)以上,但MEK-NFM工艺总能耗是ACN工艺的78%;C4烷烃回收率95.0%(w)条件下,原料烯烃含量范围在36.01%~46.30%(w)内,ACN与MEK-NFM工艺C4烯烃产品回收率分别可达到95.0%(w)与96.5%(w)以上;随着原料中烯烃含量的减小,ACN与MEK-NFM工艺烯烃产品回收率均逐渐降低;整体上,MEK-NFM工艺流程较短、能耗与物耗方面具有一定优势。

MDMA前体PMK methyl glycidate的定性检验

目的利用PMK methyl glycidate来合成胡椒基甲基酮(piperonyl methyl ketone,PMK),可进一步合成3,4-亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺(MDMA)。本文首次报道了中国大陆出现的PMK methyl glycidate,并应用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)和核磁共振(NMR)技术对化合物结构进行了分析与确证。方法样品分别用甲醇和DMSO-d_(6)提取后,使用GC-MS和NMR进行检测。结果通过GC-MS分析测得化合物的质谱特征碎片和保留时间信息,并对氢谱碳谱的信号峰进行归属,确定了化合物结构。结论该方法简便可靠,能用于PMK methyl glycidate的检验。

丙酮一步法合成MIBK反应体系热力学研究

对丙酮一步法合成MIBK反应体系进行热力学研究,计算了体系中主、副反应在80~260℃反应焓、反应熵、吉布斯自由能和平衡常数。结果表明:在给定温度范围内,丙酮缩合加氢体系主、副反应均为放热反应,主反应放热量相对较少。随着温度升高,主反应始终自发进行,平衡常数恒大于1;副反应平衡常数逐渐减小,当反应温度>110℃,副反应非自发进行。

Cu-Mn-Si催化剂的制备及其在仲丁醇脱氢反应中的应用

分别采用共沉淀法和溶胶凝胶法制备Cu-Mn-Si催化剂,考察其在仲丁醇脱氢制甲乙酮反应中的催化性能。通过X射线衍射、程序升温还原、N_(2)吸附-脱附和程序升温氧化对两种方法制备的催化剂进行表征。结果表明,不同方法制备的催化剂,其中的铜锰络合物(CuMn_(2)O_(4))晶相结构不同。共沉淀法、溶胶凝胶法制备的催化剂中CuMn_(2)O_(4)晶相分别归属于JCPDS 71-1142和JCPDS 34-1400。溶胶凝胶法制备的催化剂晶粒小、分散性好、比表面积大,因而活性较高,Mn的加入没有提高催化剂的性能。Mn的加入可以降低共沉淀法制备的催化剂的还原温度,提高催化剂中Cu组分的分散程度,因而提高了催化剂的性能。溶胶凝胶法所制备的催化剂中,Cu SiO_(2)催化剂具有最高的仲丁醇转化率、甲乙酮选择性和甲乙酮收率,分别达99.26%,99.19%,98.45%;共沉淀法制备的催化剂,当n(Cu)∶n(Mn)∶n(Si)=0.8∶0.2∶1.0时,具有最高的仲丁醇转化率,可达94.92%,其甲乙酮选择性略低于Cu SiO_(2)催化剂,为98.53%,甲乙酮收率为93.52%。

甲乙酮装置脱碳五塔再沸器管束结焦原因分析及优化措施

对中国石油兰州石化公司甲乙酮装置脱碳五塔再沸器Ⅰ管束结焦堵塞的原因进行了分析,并提出相应的优化措施。结果表明:造成脱碳五塔再沸器Ⅰ管束结焦的主要原因是碳五物料中的烯烃以及脱碳五塔塔釜再沸器Ⅰ存在过热点;通过采取提高脱碳五塔塔釜液位,降低脱碳五塔再沸器Ⅰ热负荷,优化脱碳五塔塔釜热量流程等措施,可使脱碳五塔再沸器Ⅰ的加热负荷由优化前的9470.842 MJ/h降至5812.549 MJ/h。

磷酸三丁酯、4-甲基-2戊酮对铝锂溶液中锂的萃取行为

以磷酸三丁酯(TBP)作为主要萃取剂,4-甲基2-戊酮(MIBK)作为协助萃取剂,三氯化铁(FeCl3)作为共萃剂,以铝锂溶液体系作为试验对象,全面系统的研究了萃取剂的各组成成分、水相溶液的pH值、铁锂原子比、萃取相比、萃取时间以及静置时间对铝锂溶液中锂的萃取效果的影响。通过正交试验确定了萃取反应的最佳反应参数:萃取相比为5∶2,铁锂原子比为2∶1,pH值为1.5,TBP体积分数为70%,MIBK体积分数为15%,萃取时间为10 min。在此条件下,锂的单级萃取率可达82%,锂铝单级分离因数可达51。对萃取分离过程的反应机理进行了研究,深入探索了铁锂共萃取效应,确定了反应产生的萃合物形态为LiFeCl4·2TBP·MIBK,并探究了萃合物形成过程中的键合方式。该萃取方法经济高效,适用于铝锂溶液中锂的分离。

甲基异丁基酮行业发展现状及趋势

介绍了甲基异丁基酮行业发展现状;重点分析了甲基异丁基酮生产技术、全球主要企业及产能、国内下游消费、价格变化和原料供给等情况;据此,提出了甲基异丁基酮行业未来高质量发展的5点建议。

3-甲基-1-戊烯-4-炔-3-醇合成工艺的改进

以液氨和金属钙为原料通过氨基化制得氨基钙,经炔化得到乙炔钙,乙炔钙再与甲基乙烯酮反应制得乙炔醇钙盐,经水解、挥发氨、水蒸气蒸馏、萃取、回收溶剂、粗馏、精馏制得3-甲基-1-戊烯-4-炔-3-醇。考察金属试剂、催化剂硝酸高铁投入量、阻聚剂和萃取剂对合成及产物的影响。结果表明,选用金属钙作为金属试剂,催化剂硝酸高铁投入量为金属钙质量的0.8%,改性复合阻聚剂和CH2Cl2萃取剂较为合适。该工艺合成路线得到的3-甲基-1-戊烯-4-炔-3-醇纯度达98%以上,物质的量收率71.0%。