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Fabrication and measurement of traceable pitch standard with a big area at trans-scale 被引量:5
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作者 邓晓 李同保 +4 位作者 雷李华 马艳 马蕊 翁浚婧 李源 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2014年第9期143-147,共5页
Atom lithography with chromium can be utilized to fabricate a pitch standard, which is chrectly traceable to me wavelength of the laser standing waves. The result of a calibrated commercial AFM measurement demonstrate... Atom lithography with chromium can be utilized to fabricate a pitch standard, which is chrectly traceable to me wavelength of the laser standing waves. The result of a calibrated commercial AFM measurement demonstrates that the pitch standard is (212.8±0.1) nm with a peak-to-valley-height (PTVH) better than 20 nm. The measurement results show the high period accuracy of traceability with the standing laser wavelength (λ/2 = 212.78 nm). The Cr nano-grating covers a 1000μm×500 μm area, with a PTVH better than 10 nm. The feature width broadening of the Cr nanostructure has been experimentally observed along the direction of the standing waves. The PTVH along the Gaussian laser direction is similar to a Gaussian distribution. Highly uniform periodic nanostructures with a big area at the millimeter scale, and the surface growth uniformity of the Cr nano-grating, show its great potential in the application of a traceable pitch standard at trans-scales. 展开更多
关键词 atom lithography nano-scale metrology standard TRACEABILITY
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Window Air Conditioners Transition and Restriction in Saudi Arabia
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作者 Essam Al Ammar Abdulhakim Bin Dayil 《Journal of Power and Energy Engineering》 2022年第5期1-21,共21页
This paper will provide a proposed solution for saving energy consumption due to residential air conditioners by reducing the window air conditioners type which is the most consumed energy and has a big percent of spr... This paper will provide a proposed solution for saving energy consumption due to residential air conditioners by reducing the window air conditioners type which is the most consumed energy and has a big percent of spreading inside KSA than the split type, also it will discuss some restrictions for trading and manufacturing of air conditioner devices inside KSA besides some restrictions on market and buildings to achieve the objective of reducing the consumption of energy which become a big trend in kingdom vision 2030. The results of this suggesting solution will help the decision-makers to start its plan for execution as it has a big difference between using window type from 2022 till 2030 and if we stop its sales and replace by an efficient one of split AC type in energy consumption in addition to CO<sub>2</sub> emission reduction and decreasing of energy cost, hence our kingdom can save petroleum raw materials and keeping the environment to become clean from pollutants so that these resources are delivered to successive generations correct and clean as we received them from those before us. 展开更多
关键词 Air Conditioners (AC) Terawatt-Hour (TWh) Saudi standards Metrology and Quality Organization (SASO) Energy-Efficiency Ratio (EER) High Efficiency Air Conditioning (HEAC) Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Saudi Building Code (SBC) Saudi Energy Efficiency Center (SEEC)
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