A New Method of Establishing Orthotopic Bladder Transplantable Tumor in Mice

<正>Objective The present study aims to find a convenient,rapid,and stable method to establish bladder tumor in mice. Methods Female Balb/C-nu-nu nude mice(or female T739 mice) were narcotized by sodium pentobarbital at a dosage of 60 mg/ kg.The stylet of the 24# venous retention needles was bent in a 5°to 7°angle at a distance of 15 mm from the needlepoint to form a circle with 2.61 mm to 3.66 mm radius when the stylet is rotated.The pipe casing was lubricated with liquid paraffin,and inserted into the bladder cavity.The drift angle stylet was inserted into the pipe casing slowly,rotated for five times,and then pulled out.A cell suspension(0.1 mL) of approximately 1×10~6 T24 cells(or BTT cells) was then injected immediately. Results A total of 60 T739 mice and 60 Balb/C-nu-nu nude mice were inoculated with BTT cells and T24 cells,respectively.The bladder tumor incidence and the average survival time of the tumor-bearing mice were 100%and(26.69±9.24) d and 100%and (34.59±9.8) d for the T739 mice and Balb/C-nu-nu nude mice,respectively. Conclusions Using the drift angle stylet to injure the mucous membrane of the urinary bladder can establish a stable bladder transplantable tumor model in mice.

The recruitment of exogenous endothelial progenitor cells in lung tumor model of nude mice

Background and Objective: Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play an important role in hypoxia-triggered tumor vasculogenesis. However, the homing of exogenous EPCs in tumors is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the recruitment of exogenous EPCs in human lung adenocarcinoma model of nude mice. Methods: EPCs labeled with green fluorescence protein (GFP) were transplanted into nude mice bearing human lung adenocarcinoma. The growth of tumor was observed. After the mice were killed, GFP-EPCs in different tissues were examined by fluorescence. The tumor tissues were stained for CD133, hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1α), stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (KDR). Real-time polymerase chain reaction of CD133, HIF-1α, SDF-1α, and VEGF-1 were also performed. Results: The growth of tumor in EPC group was significantly faster than that in saline solution group (P < 0.05). Under fluorescence microscope, GFP-EPCs were strongly expressed in both tumor and bone marrow. EPCs were recruited to the tumor periphery to participate in tumor vasculogenesis. The expression of CD133, HIF-1α, and SDF-1 mRNA in tumor and bone marrow were significantly higher than that in the liver, spleen, and skin (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Exogenous EPCs can be recruited to tumor and accelerate tumor growth. Except tumor, bone marrow can also recruit EPCs.

Anti-tumor effect of LTA combined with 5-FU on H22 tumor bearing mice

Objective: To study the effect of lipoteichoic acid(LTA) and 5-FU on the expression of caspase-3, EGFR, TGF-α proteins of tumor tissue of H22 cancer bearing mice and its antitumor mechanism. Methods: A total of 40 SPF grade Kunming mice were selected to establish H22 liver cancer model, and then the mice were divided into 4 groups at random with ten mice in each group. Group A was given saline lavage treatment, Group B was treated with 5-FU by intraperitomeal injection, Group C was treated with LTA by lump body injection; Group D was treated with LTA by lump body injection and 5-FU by intraperitomeal injection. Two weeks after the treatment, the mice in each group were executed and the tumor tissue was stripping and weighted, and the tumor growth inhibition ratio was calculated. Then the tumor tissue was processed for conventional embedding, sectioned to observe the expression of caspase-3, EGFR, TGF-α by immunohistochemical staining method. Results: The tumor inhibitory rate o f Group D was significantly higher than Groups B and C(P<0.05); B, the tumor inhibitory rate o f Group B had no statistical difference compared with Group C(P>0.05). The IDO values of TGF-α, EGFR proteins in Groups B, C, D mice tumor tissue were significantly lower than that in group A(P<0.05); while IDO value of caspase-3 in Groups B, C, D group mice tumor tissue was significantly higher than that in Group A(P<0.05). The IDO value of TGF-α, EGFR in Group D mice tumor tissue were significantly lower than that in Groups B and C; While IDO value of aspase-3 in Group D was significantly higher than that in Groups B and C(P<0.05). Conclusions: LTA combined with 5-FU can effectively inhibit the tumorigenesis of H22 tumor bearing mice, increase the caspase-3 protein expression, inhibit TGF –α and EGFR protein expression, further promote tumor cell apoptosis and play a synergistic antitumor effect.

Immuno-protective effect of tumor cell vaccine on Kunming mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumor

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Functional Mechanism of Resveratrol in Inhabiting Growth of Cells ls174t and Its Mechanism in Subcutaneously Transplanted Tumor of Nude Mice

To explore the functional mechanism of Resveratrol against colon cancer cells ls174t and the growth of colon cancer tissue of tumor-bearing mice, MTT method was used to observe the functions of resveratrol for inhibition against cells ls174t in vitro. Transmission electron microscope was used to observe the cell apoptosis. FCM assay was performed to measure the change of the cell apoptosis rate and of cell cycle. RT-PCR method was used to detect the expressions of bcl-2 and bax mRNA. Western blot method was used to detect the expressions of bcl-2 and bax protein. Ceils ls174t were transplanted subcutaneously to nude mice to observe the effect of resveratrol on the growth of subcutaneously transplanted tumor, RT-PCR method was used to detect the expressions of bcl-2 and bax mRNA in the tumor tissue. Western blot method was used to detect the expressions of bcl-2 and bax protein in the tumor tissue. Resveratrol has an effect of inhibiting proliferation of cells ls174t in vitro（P〈0.01）. It is able to induce the apoptosis of cells ls174t, causing the decrease in the expression of bcl-2 and the increase in the expression of bax. Resveratrol could inhibit the growth of subcutaneously transplanted tumor of nude mice（P〈0.05）, causing the decrease in the expression of bcl-2 and the increase in the expression of bax. Resveratrol can inhibit the growth of cells 174t and the growth of subcutaneously transplanted tumor. The mechanism is possibly related to the induction of the cell apoptosis and the regulation of bcl-2/bax expression.

Effects and possible anti-tumor immunity of electrochemotherapy with bleomycin on human colon cancer xenografts in nude mice

AIM: To evaluate the anti-tumor effects and possible involvement of anti-tumor immunity of electrochemotherapy (ECT) employing electroporation and bleomycin in human colon cancer xenografts in nude mice, and to establish the experimental basis for clinical application of ECT.METHODS: Forty nude mice, inoculated subcutaneously human colon cancer cell line LoVo for 3 wk, were allocated randomly into four groups: B+E+ (ECT), B+E- (administration of bleomycin alone), B-E+ (administration of electric pulses alone), and B-E- (no treatment). Tumor volumes were measured daily. The animals were killed on the 7th d, the weights of xenografts were measured, and histologies of tumors were evaluated. Cytotoxicity of spleen natural killer (NK) and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells was then assessed by lactic dehydrogenase release assay.RESULTS: The mean tumor volume of group B+E+ was statistically different from the other three groups after the treatment (F= 36.80, P＜0.01). There was one case of complete response, seven cases of partial response (PR) in group B+E+, one case of PR in group B+E- and group B-E+ respectively, and no response was observed in group B-E-. The difference of response between group B+E+ and the other three groups was statistically significant (χ2 = 25.67, P＜0.01). Histologically, extensive necrosis of tumor cells with considerable vascular damage and inflammatory cells infiltration were observed in group B+E+. There was no statistical difference between the cytotoxicity of NK and LAK cells in the four treatment groups.CONCLUSION: ECT significantly enhances the chemosensitivity and effects of chemotherapy in human colon cancer xenografts in nude mice, and could be a kind of novel treatment modality for human colon cancer.The generation of T-cell-dependent, tumor-specific immunity might be involved in the process of ECT.

Evaluation of Tumor Formation of Three Bladder Cancer Cell Lines in Nude Mice

This study examined the differences in tumor formation of three bladder tumor cell lines （BIU-87, T24 and EJ） after subcutaneously transplanted into nude mice, in order to find the best technique for establishing in vivo bladder tumor model. BIU-87, T24 and EJ cells at logarithmic phase were re-suspended in serum-free medium. The cells suspensions of the identical concentration were subcutaneously transplanted into nude mice and then the success rate and tumor growth were compared among the three cell groups. The results of tumor formation were pathologically evaluated. Lung, liver and kidney tissues were also pathologically examined for distant metastasis. The proliferation of the three cells were determined by immunohistochemically detecting the PCNA expression in the tumors. The results showed that the success rates of EJ and T24 cells were significantly higher than that of BIU-87 cells and no distant metastasis was noted among the three groups. The proliferation levels of EJ and T24 cells was significantly higher than that of BIU-87. But at the later stage of tumor formation, as compared with T24 cells, EJ grew more vigorously, soon resulting in the central necrosis of tumor, which affected the measurement of the actual size of the tumors. Moreover, PCNA staining exhibited that the proliferation of EJ and T24 was significantly higher than that of BIU-87 cells. It is concluded that as compared with BIU-87 cells, EJ and T24 cells had higher success rates, with not significant differences in death rate and distant metastasis found among them. There existed no significant difference in tumor formation between EJ and T24 cells and T24 cells do not rupture easily, which makes it a better cell line for the establishment of in vivo bladder tumor model.

Effect of Recql5 deficiency on the intestinal tumor susceptibility of Apc^(min) mice

AIM:To investigate whether Recql5,a DNA helicase that plays an important role in the maintenance of genome integrity,is a tumor suppressor in the gastrointestinal tract in mice.METHODS:We generated cohorts of both Recql5-proficient and Recql5-deficient Apcmin/+mice and compared the tumor susceptibility in their gastrointestinal tracts.RESULTS:Recql5 deficiency in Apcmin/+mice resulted in a significant increase in the tumor incidence in both the colon(P=0.0162)and the small intestine(P<0.01).These findings have provided the first genetic evidence for a tumor suppression role of Recql5 in the gastrointestinal tract of mice.Importantly,since mouse Recql5 and human RECQL5 are highly conserved,these findings also suggest that RECQL5 may be a tu-mor suppressor for human colon cancer.CONCLUSION:Recql5 has a tumor suppression role in the mouse gastrointestinal tract.

Effect of wheat maxibastion of Guanyuan point on immune function and antitumor effect in mice with tumor

Objective To investigate wheat maxibastion of Guanyuan point on immune function and antitumor effect in mice with tumor.Method Group experiment and statistical analysis were conducted.Results were analyzed comparatively.Result Wheat maxibastion of Guanyuan point could reduce ATEP(associated tumor erythrocyte rate) and direct tumor erythrocyte rate(DTER) and raise excitotumorous erythrocyte rate(ETER)(P< 0.05,P< 0.01) and stimulate the reduced activity of NK cells and IL 2 significantly(P< 0.01) in mice with tumor.Conclusion Wheat maxibastion of Guanyuan point can increase the adhesion ability to tumor cells of RBC,and increase the activity of NK cell and IL 2.

Establishment of an orthotopic transplantation tumor model of hepatocellular carcinoma in mice

AIM:To improve the outcome of orthotopic transplantation in a mouse model,we used an absorbable gelatin sponge(AGS) in nude mice to establish an orthotopic implantation tumor model.METHODS:MHCC-97L hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)cells stably expressing the luciferase gene were injected into the subcutaneous region of nude mice.One week later,the ectopic tumors were harvested and transplanted into the left liver lobe of nude mice.The AGS was used to establish the nude mouse orthotopic implantation tumor model.The tumor suppressor gene,paired box gene 5(PAX5),which is a tumor suppressor in HCC,was transfected into HCC cells to validate the model.Tumor growth was measured by bioluminescence imaging technology.Semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and histopathology were used to confirm the tumorigenicity of the implanted tumor from the MHCC-97L cell line.RESULTS:We successfully developed an orthotopic transplantation tumor model in nude mice with the use of an AGS.The success rate of tumor transplantation was improved from 60% in the control group to 100% in the experimental group using AGS.The detection of fluorescent signals showed that tumors grew in all live nude mice.The mice were divided into 3 groups:AGS-,AGS+/PAX5-and AGS+/PAX5 +.Tumor size was significantly smaller in PAX5 transfected nude mice compared to control mice(P < 0.0001).These fluorescent signal results were consistent with observations made during surgery.Pathologic examination further confirmed that the tissues from the ectopic tumor were HCC.Results from RT-PCR proved that the HCC originated from MHCC-97L cells.CONCLUSION:Using an AGS is a convenient and efficient way of establishing an indirect orthotopic liver transplantation tumor model with a high success rate.

Anti-tumor Effect and Mechanism of Pratia Extract on H22 Tumor-bearing Mice

[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the inhibitory effect of pratia extract on H22 tumor-bearing mice and the effects on immune organs.[Methods]With the application of H22 liver tumor-bearing mice as an animal model,the animals were divided into such three Pratia extract groups as the high,medium and low dose groups(400,200 and 100 mg/kg)and cyclophosphamide CTX group(20 mg/kg).15 d after the administration,the animals were killed by cervical dislocation,and the tumors,thymuses and spleens were taken and weighed,followed by the calculation of the tumor inhibitory rate and the thymus and spleen index,and the serum tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-2(IL-2)levels were determined by ELISA assay.[Results]The inhibitory rates were 54.1,32.6 and 8.2%,respectively,and there were significant differences from the model group(P<0.05);and the spleen index of the tumor-bearing mice was reduced,while the thymus index was improved.The serological results showed that the drug-administrated groups significantly improved the IL-2 levels in the tumor-bearing mice,but had no effects on TNF-α.[Conclusions]Pratia extract has an antitumor effect on H22 tumor-bearing mice,and show certain dose-effect relationship,and its mechanism may be related to enhancing the immune function in tumor-bearing mice by regulating IL-2.

Immunotherapeutic effects of dendiritic cells vaccine pulsed with tumor cell lysate in mice with pancreatic carcinoma

Objective To observe the immunotherapeutic effects of dendritic cells vaccine pulsed with tumor cell lystate on mice with pancreatic carcinoma. Methods Dendritic cells (MTSC4) were pulsed with tumor cells lysate. The immune preventative and immnotherapeutic effects of DC vaccines on mice with pancreatic carcinoma were assessed. Results After vaccination of the DC vaccines,mice remained tumor-free for at least 25 days in DCs vaccines group,but in other groups the subcutaneous implantation tumorigenesis were found beginning 3 to 9 days. CTL stimulated by DC vaccines effected cytolytic activity against pancreatic carcinoma cells. The survival period was obviously prolonged in DCs vaccines group (56 ±9)d than in other groups P【0.01) and tumors (1.4 ±0.8)g in DCs vaccines group were significantly smaller than that in other groups (P 【 0. 05). Conclusion Tumor cell lysate-pulsed dendrtic cells vaccines can induce a specific and effective immune response against pancreatic carcinoma cell implanted in mice.

靶向FOLR1的脱氧核酶提高鼻咽癌移植瘤对紫杉醇的敏感性

目的:探讨裸鼠鼻咽癌移植瘤能否通过靶向FOLR1的脱氧核酶(DrzE)提高其对紫杉醇的敏感性。方法:取CNE-1鼻咽癌亲本细胞及CNE-1/taxol紫杉醇耐药细胞进行裸鼠成瘤实验,分别予靶向FOLR1的“10-23”型DrzE单用和紫杉醇单用及紫杉醇-DrzE联用后比较各组鼻咽癌移植瘤体的抑制情况。RT-qPCR及Western blot检测用药前后各组瘤体FOLR1 mRNA及蛋白的表达。结果:CNE-1瘤体较CNE-1/taxol瘤体生长速度快,瘤体体积更大(P<0.05);CNE-1瘤体生长能被紫杉醇单药抑制,但紫杉醇对CNE-1/taxol瘤体无效;两种瘤体生长均能被DrzE单药抑制,其中耐药瘤体更显著(P<0.05);紫杉醇与DrzE联用较分别单用两药对移植瘤的抑制作用更显著(P<0.05);给药前CNE-1/taxol移植瘤中FOLR1的表达量显著高于CNE-1(P<0.01),用药后DrzE单药组及紫杉醇与DrzE联用组中两种移植瘤体FOLR1表达量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:靶向FOLR1的脱氧核酶DrzE转染裸鼠移植瘤体后可减慢鼻咽癌瘤体的生长,提高鼻咽癌耐药移植瘤体对紫杉醇的敏感性。

基于TGF-β1/CD147信号探讨慢性束缚应激促小鼠乳腺癌进展及逍遥散调节机制研究

目的基于TGF-β1/CD147信号探讨慢性束缚应激促小鼠乳腺癌进展及逍遥散调节机制。方法40只BABL/c小鼠随机分为移植瘤组(Tumor)、模型组(Model)、逍遥散组(Xiaoyaosan)和米非司酮组(Mifepristone),将4T1细胞株接种于各组小鼠腋下,待成瘤后,除Tumor组外其余各组小鼠均进行慢性束缚应激21天,同时Xiaoyaosan组和Mifepristone组小鼠给予相对应的药物灌胃,Tumor组和Model组小鼠灌胃生理盐水。造模结束后,小鼠麻醉断头处死,测量小鼠瘤体重量和体积、内脏指数;采用ELISA方法检测各组小鼠血清肿瘤标志物糖类抗原ca199(Carbohydrate antigen199,CA199)、癌胚抗原(Carcino-embryonic antigen,CEA)、血管内皮生长因子(Vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)的含量,血清多巴胺(Dopamine,DA)和皮质酮(Corticosterone,CORT)的含量,以及肿瘤组织转化生长因子β1(Transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)和白介素10(Interleukin 10,IL-10)的含量。采用免疫组化和Western blot方法检测各组小鼠肿瘤组织巨噬细胞极化标志物诱导型一氧化氮合酶(Inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS)和精氨酸酶1(Arginase-1,Arg-1)的表达,以及肿瘤组织中细胞外基质金属蛋白酶诱导剂(Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer,EMMPRIN,CD147)及其下游信号分子基质金属蛋白酶2(Matrix metalloproteinases 2),MMP2、基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP9)和VEGF的表达。结果与Tumor组比较,Model组小鼠肿瘤重量和体积,血清CA199、CEA、VEGF、CORT含量,肿瘤TGF-β1和IL-10含量均显著增加;内脏指数和血清DA含量显著减少;肿瘤巨噬细胞M2型极化标志物Arg-1的表达显著增加,M1型极化标志物iNOS的表达显著降低;肿瘤CD147及其下游信号分子MMP2、MMP9和VEGF蛋白表达显著增加,逍遥散和米非司酮均可有效逆转以上改变。结论慢性束缚应激促小鼠乳腺癌进展的机制与肿瘤相关巨噬细胞M2型极化释放TGF-β1增加、激活CD147及其下游相关信号有关,而逍遥散可缓解应激条件下皮质酮增高引起的巨噬细胞M2型极化,减少TGF-β1的生成,抑制CD147及其下游信号,从而抑制慢性应激引起的小鼠乳腺癌进展。

Gene expression and cellular localizations of tumor necrosis factor-α at the site of implanted bovine cancellous bone in mice

The objective of this study was to determine if mRNA encoding for tumor necrosls factor-α(TNFα) was present at the site of implanted bovine cancellous bone and to observe the cellular localizations. The particles of bovine cancellous bone treated by special chemical reagents were implanted in the mouse’s muscle pouch. removed 5.10 and 20 days after implantation, and the specimens were processed for determining the expression and cellular localizations of TNFα mRNA, which was performed by a nonradioactive in situ hybridization technique. The results showed that (1) 5, 10 and 20 days after transplantation, the TNFα mRNA expressions were positive, andthe positive rate of expression was the highest by 10 days (P<0. 05 ). (2)There was strong hybridization signal localization to the nuclei of morphologically ldentifiable monocytes and multinucleated giant cells. (3)Similar activity was detected in the cytoplasm and (or) nuclei of partial adjacent mesenchymal cells, fibroblasts as well as striated muscle fibers. This finding tended to indicate that mRNA encoding for TNFα was intensely expressed in several kinds of cells and that TNFα seemed to be of importance for the modulation of local cellular immunity in the region of implanted xenogeneic bone.

Effects of epidermal growth factor on the growth of human gastric cancer cell and the implanted tumor of nude mice

AIM: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays an important rolein the regulation of gastrointestinal tissue growth anddevelopment, and it can stimulate epithelial proliferation,cell differentiation and growth. It has been established thatthe EGF can promote gastric cytoprotection and ulcerhealing. But the potential ability of EGF to regulate thegastric cancer growth is unknown. This study is toinvestigate the influence of EGF on human gastric cancercell and the implanted tumor growth of nude mice.METHODS: The cell growth rates of human gastricadenocarinoma cell lines MKN-28, MKN-45, SGC-7901 andnormal human gastric epithelial cells 3T3 were assessedwhen incubated with recombinant human EGF (rhEGF, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 10, 50, 100 mg.L-1) using MTT method.The cells of MKN-28, MKN-45, SGC-7901 (gaatric cancertissue 1.5 mm3 ) were implanted in the BALB/cA nude micefor 10 days. The EGF was given intrapsritoneally (15, 30, 60μg. kg-1) for 3 weels. The body weights of the tumor-bearing animals and their tumor mass were measuredafterwards to assess the mitogenic effect of rhEGF in thenude mice.RESULTS: Within the concentration range of 0.05-100 mg.L-1 , rhEGF could increase the cell growth ofnormal 3T3 cells(cell growth rate 100 % vs 102.8 %, P＜0.05), but partiallyrestrain the gastric cancer cell growth. The latter effect wesrelated to cell differentiation. In 15-60μg/kg rhEGF groups,the mean implanted tumor mass of MKN-28 cell were 1.75 g,1.91 g, 2.08 g/NS group 1.97 g ( P＞ 0.05), the mean tumormass of SGC-7901 cell were 1.53 g, 1.07 g, 1.20 g/NS group1.07 g ( P ＞ 0.05), and for MKN-45 cell, the tumor masswere respectively 1.92 g, 1.29 g, 1.77 g/NS group 1.82 g( P＞ 0.05 ). So rhEGF had no obvious effect on implantedMKN-28, SGC-7901 and MKN-45 tumor growth.CONCLUSION: EGF has no stimulating effect on the humangastric cancer cell growth neither in vitro nor in vivo.

猫棒束孢联合环磷酰胺对H22荷瘤小鼠的治疗作用

目的 研究冬虫夏草来源的猫棒束孢(Isaria felina,IF)联合环磷酰胺(cyclophosphamide, CTX)对肝癌H22荷瘤小鼠的治疗作用。方法 建立H22荷瘤小鼠模型,随机分组,设正常对照组(NC group,蒸馏水)、模型对照组(MC group,蒸馏水)、CTX组(CTX group, 25 mg/kg)、IF组(IF group, 400 mg/kg)和IF+CTX组(IF+CTX group, IF 400 mg/kg+CTX 25 mg/kg),每组5只小鼠;蒸馏水、IF灌胃给药,CTX腹腔注射给药,连续给药10 d。实验结束后,计算各组小鼠平均肿瘤体积和瘤重、抑瘤率、q值、免疫器官脏器指数;检测血常规和血清细胞因子含量;观察肿瘤组织苏木精-伊红(HE)染色病理形态变化。结果 各给药组小鼠的肿瘤体积和重量均显著低于MC组(P<0.05)。CTX组、IF组、IF+CTX组小鼠的抑瘤率分别为49.3%、34.2%、72.8%,q值为1.09。IF+CTX组白细胞(WBC)、淋巴细胞(Lymph)、血小板(PLT)数量显著高于CTX组(P<0.05)。MC组小鼠的脾指数显著高于NC组,IF+CTX组小鼠脾指数显著低于MC组(P<0.05)。MC组小鼠的血清IFN-γ水平显著低于NC组,IF组和IF+CTX组的IFN-γ水平显著高于MC组和CTX组(P<0.05)。MC组肿瘤细胞生长状态良好,数量多,排列紧密;CTX组、IF组和IF+CTX组肿瘤组织可见肿瘤细胞排列松散,多处肿瘤细胞灶性坏死,坏死细胞核固缩碎裂。结论 IF和CTX联用对H22荷瘤小鼠有相加的抑瘤作用,可减轻小鼠的免疫功能抑制,具有免疫调节功能。

超声造影评估裸鼠食管癌移植瘤血管生成情况的实验研究

目的探讨超声造影(CEUS)对裸鼠食管癌移植瘤血管生成情况的评估价值。方法选取18只裸鼠,于其背部皮下注射人食管癌细胞株建立食管癌移植瘤模型,分别于移植后4、6、8周均随机选取6只裸鼠,先应用二维超声观察移植瘤回声、形态和边界,再行CEUS检查并获取时间-强度曲线(TIC)。然后处死所有裸鼠,使用HE染色观察移植瘤细胞结构和组织形态,免疫组化观察移植瘤组织血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)蛋白表达和微血管密度(MVD),比较移植后不同时间移植瘤CEUS表现、TIC定量参数及病理学检查结果的差异。Pearson相关分析法分析TIC定量参数与VEGF蛋白表达、MVD的相关性。结果所有裸鼠食管癌移植瘤模型均成功建立,未出现死亡。移植后4周,移植瘤二维超声表现为类椭圆形低回声肿块,边界清晰,内部回声不均匀,CEUS表现为移植瘤内部呈均匀增强;移植后6周,移植瘤二维超声表现为肿块边界欠清晰,内部回声不均匀,CEUS表现为移植瘤内部呈不均匀高增强;移植后8周,移植瘤二维超声表现为肿块边界不清晰,内部回声不均匀,CEUS表现为移植瘤内部出现灌注缺损。移植后4、6、8周移植瘤峰值强度(PI)、曲线下流入面积(AWI)及曲线下流出面积(AWO)比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);与移植后4周比较,移植后6、8周移植瘤PI、AWI和AWO均升高(均P<0.05);与移植后6周比较,移植后8周移植瘤PI和AWO均升高(均P<0.05)。HE染色显示,移植后4周移植瘤见角化珠且细胞间见细胞间桥;移植后6周移植瘤角化珠和细胞间桥均稍减少,毛细血管增多;移植后8周,移植瘤角化珠和细胞间桥均明显减少,毛细血管增多,可见病理性核裂变。免疫组化显示,移植后4、6、8周MVD和VEGF蛋白表达比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);与移植后4周比较,移植后6、8周移植瘤MVD均升高,移植后8周移植瘤VEGF蛋白表达升高,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。相关性分析显示,移植瘤PI、AWI、AWO与MVD、VEGF蛋白表达均呈正相关(均P<0.001)。结论CEUS能够有效观察裸鼠食管癌移植瘤内部血流灌注情况,TIC定量参数PI、AWI、AWO随着移植瘤的生长而逐渐升高,其与移植瘤MVD、VEGF蛋白表达均呈正相关,可以较好地评估移植瘤血管生成情况。

芜菁酸性多糖体内抗肿瘤活性研究

目的:探究芜菁酸性多糖一组分(BRAP-1)对非小细胞肺癌H226细胞荷瘤小鼠的影响。方法:将60只小鼠分为模型组(0.1 mL/10 g)、阳性药物顺铂组[3 mg/(kg·2 d)]、BRAP-1低剂量组[50 mg/(kg·d)]、BRAP-1中剂量组[100 mg/(kg·d)]和BRAP-1高剂量组[200 mg/(kg·d)]。试验期间观察小鼠肿瘤生长情况,计算抑瘤率、脏器指数;酶联免疫法检测各组小鼠血清中的白细胞介素18(IL-18)、IL-1β和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)含量;实时荧光定量核酸扩增法(q-PCR)、免疫印迹试验检测IL-18、IL-1β、受体相互作用蛋白1(RIP-1)、RIP3、混合谱系激酶结构域样蛋白(MLKL)基因表达情况。结果:与模型组相比较,BRAP-1低、中剂量组抑瘤效果明显(P<0.05),阳性组和BRAP-1高剂量组抑瘤率效果显著(P<0.01);模型组与其他各组相比较,阳性组和BRAP-1高剂量组小鼠血清中IL-1β含量显著增加(P<0.01),IL-18、TNF-ɑ在阳性组中明显降低(P<0.05),BRAP-1各剂量组中显著增加(P<0.01);q-PCR、免疫印迹试验结果显示,与模型组相比IL-1β随给药剂量增加mRNA相对表达量减少(P<0.01),而IL-18、MLKL、RIP1、RIP3的mRNA及蛋白相对表达量增加(P<0.01)。结论:BRAP-1可以通过调节免疫细胞因子水平,上调坏死性凋亡相关蛋白MLKL、RIP1、RIP3抑制肺鳞癌H226细胞体内生长。

DEPDC1B结合p65在肝癌细胞和荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长中的作用及机制研究

目的 研究DEP结构域蛋白1B(DEPDC1B)在肝癌细胞和荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长中的作用及相关机制。方法 分别将过表达DEPDC1B的质粒(oe-flagDEPDC1B)与对照质粒(oe-NC)转染至H22肝癌细胞系中,采用蛋白质印迹法检测flag和DEPDC1B蛋白表达水平,采用CCK-8法检测细胞增殖能力。通过flag抗体富集flag-DEPDC1B结合蛋白,通过质谱进行鉴定,并对免疫共沉淀物进行关键蛋白验证。在oe-flag-DEPDC1B转染细胞中加入p65抑制剂Helenalin,采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的m RNA表达水平,采用CCK-8法检测细胞增殖能力。分别将oe-flag-DEPDC1B和oe-NC转染细胞注射至C57/B6小鼠皮下,注射后2周开始监测小鼠肿瘤体积,注射后5周处死小鼠。分别采用实时荧光定量PCR法、蛋白质印迹法和ELISA法检测肿瘤组织中DEPDC1B、p65、IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的表达水平。结果 与oe-NC组细胞比较,oe-flag-DEPDC1B组细胞中DEPDC1B蛋白表达水平显著升高,细胞增殖能力显著增强(P均<0.05)。flagDEPDC1B可结合关键蛋白p65,免疫沉淀物中可以检测到p65蛋白。与oe-NC组细胞比较,oe-flag-DEPDC1B组细胞中IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的mRNA表达水平均显著升高(P均<0.05)。与oe-flag-DEPDC1B组细胞比较,oe-flag-DEPDC1B+Helenalin组细胞中IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的m RNA表达水平均显著降低,细胞增殖能力均显著减弱(P均<0.05)。在荷瘤小鼠中,与oe-NC组小鼠比较,oe-flag-DEPDC1B组小鼠的肿瘤体积增长更快,肿瘤组织中DEPDC1B、p65、IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的表达水平均显著升高(P均<0.05)。结论 DEPDC1B可通过结合NF-κB信号通路中关键蛋白p65激活NF-κB信号通路,促进肝癌生长。