INFLUENCE OF IMMUNE STATUS OF THE IMMUNE DEFICIENT MICE ON THE METASTATIC PHENOTYPES OF THE HETEROGENEOUS CLONAL SUBLINES OF HUMAN LUNG GIANT CELL CARCINOMA

By using cell cloning technique, 4 sublines (A,C,D,E) were isolated from a cell line of human lung giant cell carcinoma (PLA-801). After subcutaneous inoculation in T-cell deficient BALB/c nude mice, the incidence of tumor growth and spontaneous metastasis were the highest in subline D, moderate in sublines A and E, and lowest in subline C. Tumor cells of subline C also showed similar low tumorigenicity in another T-cell deficient 615/ PB1 nude mice.However, in 615/PB1 beige nude mice with con-genitally combined immune-deficiency in both T and NK cell activity, tumor cells of the rarely metastatic subline C do produce significantly high frequency of tumor growth and spontaneous metastasis.Morphological studies (light microscope, electron microscope and immunohistochemistry) showed rich microfilaments and Vimentin positive in the cytoplasm of metastatic tumor cells. This may imply a possibility that tumor cells differentiate towards the direction favourable to spreading and metastasis.

Metastatic human hepatocellular carcinoma models in nude mice and cell line with metastatic potential

Metastatic human HCC model is needed for the studies on mechanism and intervention of metastatic recurrence. By using orthotopic implantation of histologically intact tissues of 30 surgical specimens, a patient-like metastatic model of human HCC in nude mice (LCI-D20) and a low metastatic model of human HCC in nude mice (LCI-D35) have been established. All mice with transplanted LCI-D20 tumors exhibited extremely high metastatic ability including spontaneous metastasis to liver, lungs, lymph nodes and peritoneal seeding. Remarkable difference was also found in expression of some of the invasiveness related genes and growth factors between the LCI-D20 and LCI-D35 tumors. PAI-1 increased gradually following tumor progression in LCI-D20 model, and correlated with tumor size and AFP level. Phasic expression of tissue intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in this model was also observed. Using corneal micropocket model, it was demonstrated that the vascular response induced by LCI-D20 tumor was stronger than that induced by LCI-D35 tumor. Similar report on metastatic human HCC model in nude mice and human HCC cell line with metastatic potential was rarely found in the literature. This LCI-D20 model has been widely used for the studies on intervention of metastasis, including anti-angiogenesis,antisense approach, metalloproteinase inhibitor, differentiation inducer, etc. It is concluded that the establishment of metastatic human HCC model in nude mice and human HCC cell line with metastatic potential will provide important models for the in vitro and in vitro study of HCC invasiveness, angiogenesis as well as intervention of HCC recurrence.

Antitumor activities of human autologous cytokineinduced killer(CIK)cells against hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo

AIM: To characterize the anticancer function of cytokine-induced killer cells (CIK) and develop an adoptive immunotherapy for the patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we evaluated the proliferation rate, phenotype and the antitumor activity of human CIK cells from healthy donors and HCC patients in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors and patients with primary HCC were incubated in vitro and induced into CIK cells in the presence of various cytokines such as interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2 and monoclonal antibody (mAb) against CD3. The phenotype and characterization of CIK cells were identified by flow cytometric analysis. The cytotoxicity of CIK cells was determined by (51)Cr release assay. RESULTS: The CIK cells were shown to be a heterogeneous population with different cellular phenotypes. The percentage of CD3+/CD56+ positive cells, the dominant effector cells, in total CIK cells from healthy donors and HCC patients, significantly increased from 0.1-0.13% at day 0 to 19.0-20.5% at day 21 incubation, which suggested that the CD3+ CD56+ positive cells proliferated faster than other cell populations of CIK cells in the protocol used in this study. After 28 day in vitro incubation, the CIK cells from patients with HCC and healthy donors increased by more than 300-fold and 500-fold in proliferation cell number, respectively. CIK cells originated from HCC patients possessed a higher in vitro antitumor cytotoxic activity on autologous HCC cells than the autologous lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and PBMC cells. In in vivo animal experiment, CIK cells had stronger effects on the inhibition of tumor growth in Balb/c nude mice bearing BEL-7402-producing tumor than LAK cells (mean inhibitory rate, 84.7% vs 52.8%, P【0.05) or PBMC (mean inhibitory rate, 84.7% vs 37.1%, P【0.01). CONCLUSION: Autologous CIK cells are of highly efficient cytotoxic effector cells against primary hepatocellular carcinoma cells and might serve as an alternative adoptive therapeutic strategy for HCC patients.

Establishment of cell clones with different metastatic potential from the metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma cell line MHCC97

AIM: To establish clone cells with different metastatic potential for the study of metastasis-related mechanisms. METHODS: Cloning procedure was performed on parental hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line MHCC97, and biological characteristics of the target clones selected by in vivo screening were studied. RESULTS: Two clones with high (MHCC97-H) and low (MHCC97-L) metastatic potential were isolated from the parent cell line. Compared with MHCC97-L, MHCC97-H had smaller cell size (average cell diameter 43 microm vs 50 microm) and faster in vitro and in vivo growth rate (tumor cell doubling time was 34.2h vs 60.0h). The main ranges of chromosomes were 55-58 in MHCC97-H and 57-62 in MHCC97-L. Boyden chamber in vitro invasion assay demonstrated that the number of penetrating cells through the artificial basement membrane was (37.5 +/- 11.0) cells/field for MHCC97-H vs (17.7 +/- 6.3)/field for MHCC97-L. The proportions of cells in G0-G1 phase, S phase, and G2-M phase for MHCC97-H/MHCC97-L were 0.56/0.65, 0.28/0.25 and 0.16/0.10, respectively, as measured by flow cytometry. The serum AFP levels in nude mice 5wk after orthotopic implantation of tumor tissue were (246 +/- 66) microg.L(-1) for MHCC97-H and (91 +/- 66) microg.L(-1) for MHCC97-L. The pulmonary metastatic rate was 100% (10/10) vs 40% (4/10). CONCLUSION: Two clones of the same genetic background but with different biological behaviors were established, which could be valuable models for investigation on HCC metastasis.

Transcription factor EGR-1 inhibits growth of hepatocellular carcinoma and esophageal carcinoma cell lines

AIM: The transcription factor EGR-1 (early growth response gene-1) plays an important role in cell growth, differentiation and development. It has identified that EGR-1 has significant transformation suppression activity in some neoplasms, such as fibrosarcoma, breast carcinoma. This experiment was designed to investigate the role of egr-1 in the cancerous process of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and esophageal carcinoma (EC), and then to appraise the effects of EGR-1 on the growth of these tumor cells. METHODS: Firstly, the transcription and expression of egr-1 in HCC and EC, paracancerous tissues and their normal counterpart parts were detected by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, with normal human breast and mouse brain tissues as positive controls. Egr-1 gene was then transfected into HCC (HHCC, SMMC7721) and EC (ECa109) cell lines in which no egr-1 transcription and expression were present. The cell growth speed, FCM cell cycle, plate clone formation and tumorigenicity in nude mice were observed and the controls were the cell lines transfected with vector only. RESULTS: Little or no egr-1 transcription and expression were detected in HCC, EC and normal liver tissues. The expression of egr-1 were found higher in hepatocellular paracancerous tissue (transcription level P=0.000; expression level P=0.143, probably because fewer in number of cases) and dysplastic tissue of esophageal cancer (transcription level P=0.000; expression level P=0.001). The growth rate of egr-1-transfected HHCC (HCC cell line) cells and ECa109 (EC cell line) cells was much slower than that of the controls. The proportion of S phase cell, clone formation and tumorigenicity were significantly lower than these of the controls' (decreased 45.5% in HHCC cells and 34.1% in ECa109 cells; 46.6% and 41.8%; 80.4% and 72.6% respectively). There were no obvious differences between SMMC7721 (HCC) egr-1-transfected cells and the controls with regard to the above items. CONCLUSION: The decreased expression of egr-1 might play a role in the dysregulation of normal growth in the cancerous process of HCC and EC. Egr-1 gene of transfected HHCC and ECa109 cells showed obvious suppression of the cell growth and malignant phenotypes, but no suppression in SMMC7721 (HCC cell line) cells.

Experimental study on antitumor effect of arsenic trioxide in combination with cisplatin or doxorubicin on hepatocellular carcinoma

INTRODUCTIONThe main component of a traditional Chinese drug 'Pishuang'. arsenic trioxide (As2O3), has obviously selective anti-tumor effect on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)in both in vitro and in vivo studies[1-5]. Due to limited effectiveness when any anti-carcinogen is used alone and obviously increased toxicity when the dose is raised, there is no exception for As2O3. Furthermore, combined chemotherapy contributes to improve therapeutic effectiveness, disperse toxicity and surmount drug-resistance,in which the combination of traditional Chinese and modern medicine has more advantages and characteristics. As a result,we made an experimental study on anti-tumor effect of As2O3in combination with cisplantin (PDD) or doxorubicin (ADM)on HCC. to investigate the possibility of AS2O3 in combination with PDD or ADM and nature of interaction between them,and to provide experimental basis for clinical application.

Mechanical properties of hepatocellular carcinoma cells

AIM: To study the viscoelastic properties of human hepatocytes and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells under cytoskeletal perturbation, and to further to study the viscoelastic properties and the adhesive properties of mouse hepatoma cells (HTC) in different cell cycle. METHODS: Micropipette aspiration technique was adopted to measure viscoelastic coefficients and adhesion force to collagen coated surface of the cells. Three kinds of cytoskeleton perturbing agents, colchicines (Col), cytochalasin D (CD) and vinblastine (VBL), were used to treat HCC cells and hepatocytes and the effects of these treatment on cell viscoelastic coefficients were investigated. The experimental results were analyzed with a three-element standard linear solid. Further, the viscoelastic properties of HTC cells and the adhesion force of different cycle HTC cells were also investigated. The synchronous G(1) and S phase cells were achieved through thymine-2-desoryriboside and colchicines sequential blockage method and thymine-2-desoryriboside blockage method respectively. RESULTS: The elastic coefficients, but not viscous coefficient of HCC cells (K(1)=103.6+/-12.6N.m(-2), K(2)=42.5 +/ 10.4N.m(-2), mu=4.5 +/- 1.9Pa.s), were significantly higher than the corresponding value for hepatocytes (K(1)=87.5 +/- 12.1N.m(-2), K(2)=33.3+/-10.3N.m(-2), mu=5.9+/-3.0Pa.s, P【0.01). Upon treatment with CD, the viscoelastic coefficients of both hepatocytes and HCC cells decreased consistently, with magnitudes for the decrease in elastic coefficients of HCC cells (K(1): 68.7 N.m(-2) to 81.7N.m(-2), 66.3% to 78.9%; K(2): 34.5N.m(-2) to 37.1N.m(-2), 81.2% to 87.3%, P【0.001) larger than those for normal hepatocytes (K(1): 42.6N.m(-2) to 49.8N.m(-2), 48.7% to 56.9%; K(2): 17.2N.m(-2) to 20.4N.m(-2), 51.7% to 61.3%, P【0.001). There was a little decrease in the viscous coefficient of HCC cells (2.0 to 3.4Pa.s, 44.4 to 75.6%, P【0.001) than that for hepatocytes (3.0 to 3.9Pa.s, 50.8 to 66.1% P【0.001). Upon treatment with Col and VBL, the elastic coefficients of hepatocytes generally increased or tended to increase while those of HCC cells decreased. HTC cells with 72.1% of G(1) phase and 98.9% of S phase were achieved and high K(1), K(2) value and low mu value were the general characteristics of HTC cells. G(1) phase cells had higher K(1) value and lower mu value than S phase cells had, and G(1) phase HTC cells had stronger adhesive forces ((275.9 +/- 232.8) x 10(-10)N) than S phase cells ((161.2 +/- 120.4) x 10(-10)N, P【0.001). CONCLUSION: The difference in both the pattern and the magnitude of the effect of cytoskeletal perturbing agent on the viscoelastic properties between HCC cells and hepatocytes may reflect differences in the state of the cytoskeleton structure and function and in the sensitivity to perturbing agent treatment between these two types of cells. Change in the viscoelastic properties of cancer cells may affect significantly tumor cell invasion and metastasis as well as interactions between tumor cells and their micro-mechanical environments.

Retrovirus-mediated herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene therapy approach for hepatocellular carcinoma

The therapeutic effect of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir (HSV-tk/GCV) system on hepatocellular carcinoma was studied in this experiment. The tk-containing retroviral recombinants were used to infect hepatoma cells (BEL-7402) and the cells were treated with ganciclovir (0-1000 microg/ml). The results showed that HSV-tk gene could be efficiently transferred in vitro into hepatoma cells and stably expressed. The growth potential of the tk-containing cells was significantly inhibited by GCV (P

Prognostic Significance of Comparison of Clinical Indicators with Manifestations of Genetic Polymorphism of Glutathione-S-Transferases in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

The article presented the results of comparison of polymorphic variants of the genes GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1 and clinical manifestations of non-small cell lung carcinoma. The association of the genotype GSTT1 (del) with the risk of developing squamous cell lung cancer has been revealed (OR = 2.54 CI: 1.13 - 5.72, p = 0.035). Analysis of patient survival rate (n = 173) in groups of various histological types of lung cancer showed that in the group of squamous cell lung cancer (n = 91) in patients with genotype GSTT1 (del), the survival rate median was significantly higher—84 months (95% CI 12.4 - 155.7) than in patients with the genotype GSTT1 (+)—36 months (95% CI 25.2 - 46.8, p = 0.045). In contrast, in the adenocarcinoma group (n = 82), the survival rate median in patients with the genotype GSTT1 (del) was 19 months. (95% CI 6.2 - 33.5), and in patients with genotype GSTT1 (+)—67 months (95% CI 50.1 - 84.0), which is the basis for continuing this comparison in an additional group of testees, as the sampling did not achieve the reliability of p = 0.12. Hypothetically, these differences may be due to differences in the gender composition of squamous cell lung cancer and adenocarcinoma and the involvement of GST enzymes in the metabolism of estrogens in adenocarcinoma in women and other hormonal background and reactivity of the male body with squamous cell carcinoma. Further research and subsequent analysis of the results will be aimed at confirming this hypothesis.

Antihepatoma effect of alpha-fetoprotein antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxyribonucleotides in vitro and in mice

AIM: To evaluate antihepatoma effect of antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxyribonucleotides (S-ODNs) targeted to alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) genes in vitro and in nude mice. METHODS: AFP gene expression was examined by immunocytochemical method or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Effect of S-ODNs on SMMC-7721 human hepatoma cell growth in vitro was determined using microculture tetrazolium assay. In vitro antitumor activities of S-ODNs were monitored by measuring tumor weight differences in treated and control mice bearing SMMC-7721 xenografts. Induction of cell apoptosis was evaluated by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis. RESULTS: Antisense S-ODN treatment led to reduced AFP gene expression. Specific antisense S-ODNs, but not control S-ODNs, inhibited the growth of hepatoma cells in vitro. In vitro, only antisense S-ODNs exhibited obvious antitumor activities. FACS analysis revealed that the growth inhibition by antisense S-ODNs was associated with their cell apoptosis induction. CONCLUSION: Antisense S-ODNs targeted to AFP genes inhibit the growth of human hepatoma cells and solid hepatoma, which is related to their cell apoptosis induction.

Reduction of tumorigenicity of SMMC-7721 hepatoma cells by vascular endothelial growth factor antisense gene therapy

AIM: To test the hypothesis to block VEGF expression of SMMC-7721 hepatoma cells may inhibit tumor growth using the rat hepatoma model. METHODS: Amplify the 200 VEGF cDNA fragment and insert it into human U6 gene cassette in the reverse orientation transcribing small antisense RNA which could specifically interact with VEGF165, and VEGF121 mRNA. Construct the retroviral vector containing this antisense VEGF U6 cassette and package the replication-deficient recombinant retrovirus. SMMC-7721 cells were transduced with these virus and positive clones were selected with G418. PCR and Southern blot analysis were performed to determine if U6 cassette integrated into the genomic DNA of positive clone. Transfected tumor cells were evaluated for RNA expression by ribonuclease protection assays. The VEGF protein in the supernatant of parental tumor cells and genetically modified tumor cells was determined with ELISA. In vitro and in vivo growth properties of antisense VEGF cell clone in nude mice were analyzed. RESULTS: Restriction enzyme digestion and PCR sequencing verified that the antisense VEGF RNA retroviral vector was successfully constructed.After G418 selection, resistant SMMC-7721 cell clone was picked up. PCR and Southern blot analysis suggested that U6 cassette was integrated into the cell genomic DNA. Stable SMMC-7721 cell clone transduced with U6 antisense RNA cassette could express 200 bp small antisense VEGF RNA and secrete reduced levels of VEGF in culture condition. Production of VEGF by antisense transgene-expressing cells was 65+/-10 ng/L per 10(6) cells, 42045 ng/L per 10(6) cells in sense group and 485+/-30 ng/L per 10(6) cells in the negative control group, (P【 0.05). The antisense-VEGF cell clone appeared phenotypically indistinguishable from SMMC-7721 cells and SMMC-7721 cells transfected sense VEGF. The growth rate of the antisense-VEGF cell clone was the same as the control cells. When S.C. was implanted into nude mice, growth of antisense-VEGF cell lines was greatly inhibited compared with control cells. CONCLUSION: Expression of antisense VEGF RNA in SMMC-7721 cells could decrease the tumorigenicity, and antisense-VEGF gene therapy may be an adjuvant treatment for hepatoma.

20(S)-原人参二醇对肺癌A549细胞增殖和荷瘤裸小鼠肿瘤生长的抑制作用

目的研究20(S)-原人参二醇对小细胞肺癌A549细胞增殖和荷瘤裸小鼠肿瘤生长抑制作用。方法采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法观察20(S)-原人参二醇对小细胞肺癌A549细胞增殖的抑制作用,流式细胞术测定20(S)-原人参二醇对小细胞肺癌A549细胞凋亡及周期的影响,并在裸小鼠人肺癌模型上观察20(S)-原人参二醇对荷瘤裸小鼠肿瘤生长的抑制作用。结果20(S)-原人参二醇对A549细胞具有明显的抑制作用并有剂量时间依赖关系,并且流式细胞仪检测时均出现典型凋亡峰,24小时凋亡率分别为32.47%、32.75%、33.51%。荷瘤裸小鼠动物实验表明,20(S)-原人参二醇对裸小鼠的肿瘤生长也具有明显的抑制作用,抑瘤率分别为18.78%、34.37%、50.02%。结论20(S)-原人参二醇对A549细胞的增殖和荷瘤裸小鼠肿瘤的生长具有明显的抑制作用。

双黄升白颗粒对化疗所致骨髓抑制Lewis肺癌荷瘤小鼠细胞周期的双重调控作用及其机制

目的:探讨双黄升白颗粒对化疗所致骨髓抑制荷瘤小鼠骨髓和肿瘤细胞周期双重调控的作用机制。方法:本研究采用Lewis肺癌荷瘤小鼠,30只小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组和治疗组。除空白组外,腹腔注射环磷酰胺制作骨髓抑制模型。治疗组用40g/(kg.d)双黄升白颗粒治疗6d后,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期情况,并计算增殖指数(proliferationindex,PI);蛋白印迹法和免疫组织化学法检测骨髓及肿瘤组织中细胞周期蛋白依赖激酶4(cyclin-dependent kinase4,CDK4)、细胞周期蛋白依赖激酶6(cyclin-dependent ki-nase6,CDK6)和细胞周期蛋白D1(cyclin D1)的表达。结果:模型组骨髓及肿瘤的G0/G1期细胞比例均低于空白组(P<0.05),PI和CDK4、CDK6、cyclin D1表达高于空白组(P<0.05)。治疗组骨髓G0/G1期细胞比例低于模型组及空白组,PI及CDK4、CDK6、cyclinD1表达均高于模型组及空白组;肿瘤组织G0/G1期细胞比例高于模型组及空白组,PI及CDK4、CDK6、cyc-lin D1表达均低于模型组及空白组。结论:双黄升白颗粒对骨髓抑制Lewis肺癌荷瘤鼠的细胞周期具有双重调控作用,其机制可能与双重调节cyclin D1、CDK4和CDK6表达有关。

人大肠癌NSY 42129肺高转移株建立及其生物学特性

NSY 42129细胞株是从大肠癌患者肝转移灶瘤细胞建立起来的。该细胞株经皮下接种,在5只裸鼠体内肿瘤形成率为100%,并全部发生肺转移。该细胞株在体外呈贴壁和多复层克隆样生长,在10%NBSRPMI 1640培养液和塑料或玻璃瓶皿中的克隆(集落)形成率为50%,在半固体培养基(双层琼脂)中为15%。在抗肿瘤的药敏实验或筛选抗肿瘤药物中、该细胞株可以代替双层琼脂人癌细胞集落实验。

肺岩宁对Lewis肺癌荷瘤小鼠瘤组织中核小体构象调控因子H3-K56、Rtt109、Asf1及E2F1表达的影响

目的:恶性肿瘤细胞具有异常的细胞周期。前期体内实验证实肺岩宁具有干预细胞周期G_1/S检测点信号通路的作用,本研究进一步探讨肺岩宁对S期核小体构象调控因子表达的影响。方法:将60只小鼠随机分成正常组、模型组、顺铂组和肺岩宁组,每组15只。右腋部皮下注射Lewis细胞构建C57BL/6小鼠Lewis肺癌移植瘤模型。观察各组小鼠的瘤质量和抑瘤率,采用流式细胞术检测细胞周期时相分布和增殖指数,实时聚合酶链反应法及蛋白质印迹法检测各组小鼠肺癌移植瘤细胞的核小体构象调控因子H3-K56、Ty1转座基因调节因子109(regulator of Ty1 transposition 109,Rtt109)、细胞反沉默功能因子1(antisilencing function1,Asf1)、腺病毒E2启动子结合转录因子1(E2F1)mRNA和蛋白的表达。结果:肺岩宁组和顺铂组的瘤质量显著低于模型组(P<0.01),抑瘤率分别为27.92%和42.50%。肺岩宁组癌细胞的增殖指数明显低于模型组和顺铂组,S期分布比例最少(P<0.01)。肺岩宁组H3-K56、Rtt109、Asf1、E2F1 mRNA和蛋白的表达较模型组显著下调(P<0.05)。结论:肺岩宁可能是通过影响核小体构象调控因子的表达干预异常细胞周期来发挥抗肺癌细胞生长增殖作用。

非小细胞肺癌组织中SKP2蛋白的表达及其对预后的影响

目的:探讨SKP2蛋白在非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)组织中的表达及其对患者预后的影响。方法:利用组织芯片和免疫组化技术检测SKP2蛋白在89例NSCLC、5例肺良性肿瘤和5例正常支气管和肺组织中的表达。结果:NSCLC组织中SKP2蛋白表达阳性率为(23·52±13·57)%,明显高于肺良性肿瘤、正常支气管及肺组织(2·91±1·27)%,两者差异有统计学意义,t′=31·373,P=0·000。SKP2蛋白在NSCLC组织中的表达水平与细胞分化程度密切相关,χ2=14·402,P1=0·000;与年龄、性别、吸烟史、肿瘤位置、大小、病理类型、淋巴结转移和TNM分期等差异无统计学意义,P1值均>0·05。SKP2蛋白表达阳性的NSCLC患者5年生存率较阴性患者降低,χ2=4·119/4·636,P1=0·042/0·031;r=-0·186,P2=0·000。结论:SKP2蛋白表达在NSCLC的发生发展中起促进作用,并对患者的预后产生不良影响。

芪加合剂对小鼠Lewis肺癌的抑制作用

目的 研究芪加合剂对小鼠 Ｌｅｗｉｓ 肺癌的影响。方法 观察 Ｌｅｗｉｓ 肺癌小鼠的生存时间和瘤重。结果 芪加合剂（１３７５ ～２７５０ ｇ·ｋｇ － １） 治疗或预防给药均能延长 Ｌｅｗｉｓ肺癌小鼠平均生存时间；对小鼠 Ｌｅｗｉｓ 肺癌瘤重增长有明显抑制作用，并可抑制其自发性肺转移。结论 芪加合剂对肺癌可能具有明显抑制作用。

非小细胞肺癌组织中Skp2的表达及其与p27^(kip1)和Ki-67蛋白表达的关系

目的:探讨Skp2的表达在非小细胞肺癌(nonsmallcelllungcancer,NSCLC)发生发展中的作用,及其与p27kip1和Ki67蛋白表达的关系。方法:应用免疫组化SP法检测Skp2、p27kip1和Ki67三种蛋白在60例NSCLC和20例正常支气管黏膜上皮组织中的表达。结果:NSCLC组织中Skp2蛋白表达的阳性率为48.33%(29/60),显著高于正常支气管黏膜上皮组织中的表达,P=0.000。Skp2的表达与肿瘤的组织学类型、肿瘤细胞的分化程度、TNM分期、淋巴结转移和患者吸烟与否显著相关,P值分别为0.038、0.005、0.019、0.010和0.002,但与患者的年龄及性别无关,P值分别为0.833和0.281。NSCLC组织中Skp2表达与p27kip1表达呈显著负相关,P=0.001;而与Ki67表达呈显著正相关,P=0.027。结论:Skp2在NSCLC组织中表达是上调的,可能是通过作用于细胞周期调控蛋白p27kip1,加速了对p27kip1泛素化依赖的蛋白降解,使其表达及代谢发生异常,导致细胞周期失控并促进细胞异常增殖,从而参与了NSCLC的发生和发展。

CXCR4阳性Lewis肺癌细胞的高致瘤性和高转移潜能

目的从小鼠肺腺癌细胞株(lewis lung carcinoma,LLC)中分离并鉴定具有高转移潜能的肿瘤干细胞样细胞亚群。方法流式分析Sca1、CXCR4双阳性细胞比例,激光共聚焦检测小鼠肺癌组织中双阳性细胞表达情况;以CXCR4作为磁珠分选细胞的表面标志,检测分选前后细胞活性,观察分析CXCR4阳性亚群的恶性生物学行为。结果LLC细胞中Sca-1、CXCR4双阳性细胞比例为0.1%,CXCR4阳性细胞为0.18%,小鼠肺癌组织存在荧光双染色细胞;分选前细胞活性为(95.58±0.87)%,分选后活力为(94.96±0.76)%(P>0.05);CXCR4阳性亚群在无血清中呈球状生长,CXCR阴性亚群1×105即不可成瘤,CXCR4阳性亚群在7×103仍可成瘤;CXCR4阴性和阳性亚群分别以5×105、2×104密度各接种3只小鼠,前者无转移,而后者2只发生肺转移,1只发生耳转移。结论Lewis肺癌细胞中的CXCR4阳性亚群具有一定的自我更新和转移能力,具备癌转移性干细胞某些特性。

益气除痰方对小鼠Lewis肺癌细胞凋亡形态学的影响

【目的】探讨益气除痰方对C57BL/6J小鼠Lewis肺癌细胞凋亡形态学的影响。【方法】选用C57BL/6J小鼠,随机分成中药组(益气除痰方组,剂量为27.3 g.kg-.1d-1)、顺铂组(剂量为1 mg.kg-.1d-1)、联合组(中药联合顺铂)、模型组,采用右腋部皮下接种Lewis肺癌细胞株法造模;采用流式细胞术测定各组小鼠Lewis肺癌细胞的凋亡率及通过透射电镜观察Lewis肺癌细胞超微结构的变化。【结果】中药组、顺铂组、联合组的细胞凋亡率均显著升高,与模型组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.001);中药组、顺铂组、联合组在透射电镜下均可观察到Lewis肺癌细胞呈现早期凋亡形态。【结论】益气除痰方治疗肺癌的作用与诱导肺癌细胞凋亡有关。