NEW ROD-SHAPED ULTRASONIC MICROMOTOR AND ITS DRIVING PRINCIPLE

A new rod-shaped traveling wave ultrasonic micromotor is developed. In the micromotor, five pieces of piezoelectric ceramics clamped by two metal cylinders are used as its stator. The driving principle of the rodshaped ultrasonic motor is simulated. The stator structure and the position to lay these piezoelectric ceramics are calculated to improve the electro mechanical conversion efficiency. A flexible rotor is designed to reduce the radial slip between the stator and the rotor, and to improve the motor efficiency. The prototype motor and its micror driver are tested. The motor is 9 mm in out-diameter, 15 mm in length and 3.2 g in weight. When the motor operates with the first bending frequency （72 kHz） of the stator, its maximal rotational speed and the torque reach 520 r/rain and 4.5 mN · m. Results show that the motor has good stability. The speed fluctuation is controlled within 3% by the frequency automatic tracking technique.

基于ALIF-GAF-AlexNet的微电机故障分类

微电机是一种重要的动力驱动元件,其诊断过程并不复杂,但人工听音比较低效且诊断结果片面,投入大量的人工对其进行分类是不合理的。为了提高微电机的诊断效率和实用性,提出一种诊断方法。使用自适应局部迭代滤波方法来降低噪声,然后用格拉姆角场将特征提取后的声音信号转换为图像,将转换后的图像应用深度卷积神经网络模型进行分类研究。基于微电机声音信号实验采集装置,对采集的数据应用所提出的方法进行故障诊断分类,并与其他方法进行比较。结果表明,该方法比其他方法具有更高的分类精度,准确率达到94.1%。

Genetic Algorithms for the Optimal Design of Electromagnetic Micro-Motors

The genetic algorithm (GA) to the design of electromagnetic micro motor to optimize parameter design. Besides the different oversize from macro motor, the novel structure of micro motor which the rotor is set between the two stators make its design different, too. There are constraint satisfaction problems CSP) in the design. It is shown that the use GA offers a high rate of global convergence and the ability to get the optimal design of electromagnetic micro motors.

Power Supply of Macro-Micro Driven Linear Piezoelectric Motor

To investigate a novel macro and micro driven linear piezoelectric motor composed of an ultrasonic motor with macro movement and a piezoelectric actuator with micro movement,a digital signal processing(DSP)based macro and micro power supply is designed,which fits the new linear piezoelectric motor.The power supply comprises a control circuit,a voltage conversion circuit,an amplifier circuit,a half-bridge module,an optical isolatorsdrive circuit,etc,where the DSP of TMS320F28335 is used as the controller.When the linear piezoelectric motor working in a macro driven state,the power supply outputs alternating currents with high frequency and high voltage,which drives the linear piezoelectric motor dynamically at an ultrasonic frequency;while working in the micro driven state,the power supply outputs direct currents with high voltage,which drives the linear piezoelectric motor in micro driven statically.Here a prototype of the macro-micro power supply is designed.After a series of experiments on the power supply with and without loads,the results show that the power supply can drive and control the macro micro driven linear piezoelectric motor,and realizes quick and seamless switch between macro and micro drive.In addition,the power supply can drive and control the ultrasonic motor or piezoelectric ceramic micro actuator individually.The power supply achieves the multiple parameters of output signals adjustable simultaneously and exhibits good control characteristics.

基于峭度原则的VMD-SVD微型电机声音信号降噪方法

微型电机运转时的声音信号包含丰富的状态信息,可用于生产线上电机的快速检测,但由于待测电机体积小、声音能量低,采集过程中声音信号易与环境噪声耦合,导致声音信号提取和检测不准确。该文通过研究电机组成结构,分析声音信号频率成分与成因,得到该文研究电机的声音信号3倍频谐波特点,提出一种基于峭度原则的VMDSVD算法对电机声音信号进行提纯降噪,该算法采用VMD分段原理,对各分段信号进行SVD分解,提取谐波特征,利用峭度原则优化VMD参数选取。首先通过仿真信号对比实验,验证了该文算法具有更好的降噪效果和降噪性能指标。而后,将该方法应用于微型电机实测声音信号,测试结果表明提出的基于峭度原则VMD-SVD算法具有良好降噪效果,能够显著提高原始信号信噪比,更利于后续特征提取和故障检测工作。

5-羟色胺转运蛋白显像剂^(11)C-DASB的自动化合成及Micro PET/CT显像

目的:自动化合成5-羟色胺转运蛋白显像剂11 C-DASB并进行大鼠Micro PET/CT显像;方法:通过改变甲基化试剂、溶解前体溶剂及反应条件,得到优化的标记条件作为碳-11多功能合成模块的输入参数,进行自动化合成11 C-DASB,大鼠静脉注射11 C-DASB 45 min后进行显像;结果:采用11 C-CH3-Triflate作为甲基化试剂,通入新配制的含1mg去甲基DASB前体的500μL DMSO溶液内,80℃下加热2min,标准率为63.7%,大鼠显像表明,11 C-DASB特异性的浓聚于SERT富集区域;结论:经优化,11 C-DASB自动化合成可得到较高产率,大鼠显像表明,其特异性浓聚于SERT富集区域,有望作为5-羟色胺转运蛋白显像剂。

^(18)F-氟赤硝基咪唑micro PET/CT评价裸鼠乳腺癌早期放疗疗效实验研究

目的探讨^(18)F-氟赤硝基咪唑micro PET/CT评价裸鼠MDA-MB231乳腺癌早期放疗疗效的价值。方法建立16只裸鼠MDA-MB231乳腺癌模型,将其按照随机对照原则分为两组:对照组(A组)、放疗组(B组),每组8只。每组裸鼠行micro PET/CT显像,测定每只裸鼠肿瘤SUVmax值。完成显像后,常规HE染色观察每组肿瘤组织形态学特征,免疫组化方法测定每组肿瘤细胞乏氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)的表达情况。结果放疗前,对照组与放疗组SUVmax值差异无统计学意义(t=0. 375,P> 0. 05)。放疗组放疗后48 h裸鼠肿瘤组织SUVmax值较放疗前(t=9. 958,P <0. 05)、放疗后24 h(t=16. 506,P <0. 05)明显降低,差异有统计学意义(F=58. 860,P <0. 05)。放疗后24 h SUVmax值也低于放疗前24 h(t=5. 405,P <0. 05),差异有统计学意义。HE染色结果显示放疗组肿瘤细胞坏死较对照组更加明显。免疫组化结果显示放疗组放疗后HIF-1α表达阳性率明显低于放疗前(t=14. 802,P <0. 05),差异具有统计学意义。相关性分析结果显示肿瘤SUVmax与HIF-1α的表达呈明显正相关性(r=0. 865,P <0. 05)。结论^(18)F-氟赤硝基咪唑micro PET/CT可以监测肿瘤内部的乏氧状态,并且可以评价裸鼠MDA-MB231乳腺癌的早期放疗疗效。

基于多域特征的BA - KELM微型电机故障检测

针对目前对于微型电机故障检测的研究较少及基于单域特征的传统电机诊断方法精度低等问题,提出一种基于集成经验模态分解(ensemble empirical mode decomposition, EEMD)及蝙蝠算法(bat algorithm, BA)优化核极限学习机(kernel based extreme learning machine, KELM)的微型电机故障检测方法。所提方法包括样本集构造、模型训练及参数优化和模型测试3个步骤:首先,对采集到的微型电机信号进行EEMD处理并依据相关系数原则筛选出主要的本征模态分量(intrinsic mode fuction, IMF),结合计算得到的电机信号的时域、频域特征构造多域特征集并进行归一化处理,按一定比例将样本集划分训练集和测试集;其次,输入训练集,以错误率为适应度,并采用蝙蝠算法对KELM模型进行参数优化;最后,输入测试集对优化的BA-KELM模型进行测试,并与其他模型进行对比。试验结果表明,所提方法的准确率达98.75%,高于其余方法。

Modeling and Analysis of a Micromotor with an Electrostatically Levitated Rotor

The modeling and evaluation of a prototype rotary micromotor where the annular rotor is supported electrostatically in five degrees of freedom is presented in order to study the behavior of this levitated micromotor and further optimize the device geometry. The analytical torque model is obtained based on the principle of a planar variable-capacitance electrostatic motor while the viscous damping caused by air film between the stator and rotor is derived using laminar Couette flow model. Simulation results of the closed-loop drive motor, based on the developed dynamic model after eliminating mechanical friction torque via electrostatic suspension, are presented. The effects of the high-voltage drive, required for rotation of the rotor, on overload capacity and suspension stiffness of the electrostatic bearing system are also analytically evaluated in an effort to determine allowable drive voltage and attainable rotor speed in operation. The analytical results show that maximum speed of the micromotor is limited mainly by viscous drag torque and stiffness of the bearing system. Therefore, it is expected to operate the device in vacuum so as to increase the rotor speed significantly, especially for those electrostatically levitated micromotors to be used as an angular rate micro-gyroscope.

Effect of Surface Roughness in Micro-nano Scale on Slotted Waveguide Arrays in Ku-band

Modeling of the roughness in micro-nano scale and its influence have not been fully investigated, however the roughness will cause amplitude and phase errors of the radiating slot, and decrease the precision and efficiency of the SWA in Ku-band. Firstly, the roughness is simulated using the electromechanical coupled（EC） model. The relationship between roughness and the antenna＇s radiation properties is obtained. For verification, an antenna proto- type is manufactured and tested, and the simulation method is introduced. According to the prototype, a contrasting experiment dealing with the flatness of the radiating plane is conducted to test the simulation method. The advantage of the EC model is validated by comparisons of the EC model and two classical roughness models （sine wave and fractal function）, which shows that the EC model gives a more accurate description model for roughness, the maxi- mum error is 13%. The existence of roughness strongly broadens the beamwidth and raises the side-lobe level of SWA, which is 1.2 times greater than the ideal antenna. In addition, effect of the EC model＇s evaluation indices is investigated, the most affected scale of the roughness is found, which is 1/10 of the working wavelength. The proposed research provides the instruction for antenna designing and manufacturing.

Potential application of functional micro-nano structures in petroleum

This paper takes micro-nano motors and metamaterials as examples to introduce the basic concept and development of functional micro nano structures, and analyzes the application potential of the micro-nano structure design and manufacturing technology in the petroleum industry. The functional micro-nano structure is the structure and device with special functions prepared to achieve a specific goal. New functional micro-nano structures are classified into mobile type(e.g. micro-nano motors) and fixed type(e.g. metamaterials), and 3 D printing technology is a developed method of manufacturing. Combining the demand for exploration and development in oil and gas fields and the research status of intelligent micro-nano structures, we believe that there are 3 potential application directions:(1) The intelligent micro-nano structures represented by metamaterials and smart coatings can be applied to the oil recovery engineering technology and equipment to improve the stability and reliability of petroleum equipment.(2) The smart micro-nano robots represented by micro-motors and smart microspheres can be applied to the development of new materials for enhanced oil recovery, effectively improving the development efficiency of heavy oil, shale oil and other resources.(3) The intelligent structure manufacturing technology represented by 3 D printing technology can be applied to the field of microfluidics in reservoir fluids to guide the selection of mine flooding agents and improve the efficiency of mining.

多足式微型直线超声电机定子的设计与仿真

针对小空间、低电压、大驱动力的应用需求,提出了一种基于单弯曲振动模态的多足直线式微型超声电机。根据超声电机的驱动原理对定子结构进行设计,利用有限元软件ANSYS Workbench建立定子的动力学仿真模型,对定子进行结构优化及动力学分析,确定定子最终尺寸为8 mm×1 mm×0.6 mm,定子实测B3,B4模态谐振频率与仿真相比误差分别为6.99%和5.46%。最后,建立电机定、动子之间的非线性仿真接触模型,验证了超声电机双向驱动的可行性。搭建微型直线超声电机驱动性能测试装置。实测结果表明:当驱动电压为60 Vpp时,最大空载速度为53.3 mm/s、最大负载为43.3 mN,推重比达280。该微型超声电机原理可行、结构简单紧凑,具有良好的输出性能,在光学系统、精密定位系统和移动终端等精密驱动领域有着广阔的应用前景。

造纸技术中一种小型电机的启动测试

电机受研发和生产等各种因素影响,其性能参数与指标会发生变化。造纸技术中小型电机的启动测试是非常重要的一步。启动测试能在电机运行的初始阶段将电机的各种性能参数进行检测,避免在电气设备运行过程产生安全问题。基于此,介绍电机测试技术及发展趋势,以微型直流电机为研究对象,重点介绍小型电机的启动测试。该测试系统包括硬件设计、软件设计、仿真模拟及调试分析,采用PLC-1200控制器实现的小型电机的启动测试系统全过程自动化有助于提高生产效率并减少安全隐患。

基于LIGA技术的3K-2型微行星齿轮减速器的设计和制造

使用同步辐射光和 X射线掩模板的 L IGA技术能够制造大深宽比的三维微结构。详细讨论了基于该技术的微行星齿轮减速器的设计和制造 ,包括微行星齿轮减速器的设计、微齿轮 X射线掩模板的 CAD技术、X射线深层光刻、微齿轮的微电铸和微复制 ,以及微行星齿轮减速器的微装配。目前已经得到了金属镍的厚度为 40 0μm的太阳轮、行星轮 ,厚度为 2 0 0μm的固定内齿轮、旋转内齿轮 ,其齿数分别为 1 5、1 1、3 6、3 9。用这些微齿轮装配成了一台模数为 0 .0 3 mm、减速比为 44.2、最大外径为 2 mm的微行星齿轮减速器 ,并将其成功地应用在直径为 2 mm的电磁型微马达上。

微型电机声学质量检测小样本机器学习方法研究

为了解决微型电机声学质量检测人工手摸及听诊方法存在的主观误判率高、效率低下等问题,同时兼顾检测结果准确率和检测模型构建的快速性,提出了一种小样本机器学习检测方法,其根据微型电机传动链物理模型进行多维声学故障特征提取,在此基础上,采用粒子群优化算法对支持向量机这种小样本学习方法的核心参数进行优化,从而提高模型判别的准确率。试验结果表明,该方法能够有效判别微型电机异常振动和声音,准确率达到95%以上。

微型固体姿控发动机微喷管内气粒两相流动规律的CFD-DSMC研究

微型固体姿控发动机在航天领域具有广泛的应用前景。以基于MEMS技术的微喷管为研究对象,首先通过计算微喷管中的克努森数,得到了微喷管中的气相流动状态;然后,采用CFD-DSMC方法,模拟了微喷管中的气粒两相流动,并研究了颗粒相质量分数和粒径对气相流动的影响。结果表明,在所研究的来流条件下,微喷管中的连续介质假设是成立的;气相与颗粒相间的动量和能量交换,导致气相马赫数降低、温度升高,同时也导致颗粒相速度增加、温度降低;颗粒相质量分数和粒径均能显著影响气相的马赫数和温度。

人工血泵用空心杯电机设计

为了改善目前血泵用电机存在的稳定性差、效率低等问题,课题组设计了一种电枢直径为4.8 mm,转速为35000 r/min的血泵用空心杯微电机。结构上采用空心杯结构,以避免齿槽效应、减小涡流效应;基于ANSYS Maxwell有限元分析软件,采用RMxprt模块对空心杯电机进行了结构设计和性能分析,采用Maxwell3D模块建立了空心杯电机的三维有限元仿真模型,在此基础上通过静态磁场、空载和额定负载下的仿真,获得了空心杯电机工作状态下的电磁数据,并对该空心杯电机的电磁设计性能进行了分析。结果表明:实验所设计血泵用空心杯电机结构设计合理,电磁性能良好,空心杯电机效率约为79%。该研究为血泵用空心杯电机的设计与优化提供了参考。

基于优化粒子群算法的微纳卫星电机参数整定

针对传统PID控制器控制无刷电机时系统响应慢、速度波动大的问题,以及手动整定大规模电机参数繁琐重复的问题,采用了一种基于粒子群优化算法的无刷直流电机PID参数整定方法,用于确定电机闭环控制系统中PI控制器的参数。首先建立磁场定向控制技术驱动的无刷直流电机控制系统仿真模型,然后在此模型上应用优化粒子群算法进行参数整定优化的迭代过程,得到整定后的控制器参数结果。分析优化粒子群算法整定后的电机速度响应和力矩输出情况,并与传统手动整定结果和其他算法的整定结果进行对比。实验结果表明,提出的优化粒子群算法整定的控制器速度响应更快并且输出力矩更稳定,并且对电机参数的小幅度变化有鲁棒性,该方法可以适用于大规模同类别同批次的电机控制器参数标定。

核酸提取装置的移液精度优化设计研究

为了提高核酸提取装置的移液精度和稳定性,以基于空气置换原理、活塞驱动方式的移液模块作为研究对象,提出了一种基于正弦函数的S型加减速曲线算法,并将其与匀加减速、抛物线型加减速曲线算法进行了仿真对比和实验验证。结果表明:采用基于正弦函数的S型加减速曲线算法的核酸提取装置,在移液量为10μL、20μL、50μL、100μL和200μL的不同工作条件下,移液精度均取得了显著的提升,同时实验数据的CV值满足JJG 646-2006移液器检定规程。

基于Zigzag柔性簧片的大行程XY精密运动平台

通过采用Zigzag柔性簧片作为导向机构,提出了一种具有大行程、高精度、高频响、低应力的并联式XY二自由度精密定位平台,满足精密运动的需求。提出了以Zigzag柔性簧片单元为核心导向梁的柔顺精密运动平台结构,并采用音圈电机进行驱动,实现3 mm×3 mm的运动范围和60 Hz以上的固有频率。对Zigzag柔性簧片和传统直梁柔性簧片进行有限元仿真分析对比,验证Zigzag柔性簧片运动性能的优越性。接着,对XY两自由度运动进行解耦设计,减小运动带来的寄生(耦合)误差。运用有限元分析对平台进行优化,针对高频运动引发的疲劳损伤问题,改进定位平台的构型,降低最大应力,延长平台工作寿命。分析结果表明:该平台满足运动和解耦性能的设计要求,其寄生误差为0.012%,能够实现大行程以及较高频率的运动,并且响应快速,动态特性良好。实验结果表明,定位平台的固有频率达到60 Hz,开环分辨率达1.3μm,可实现XY方向±1.5 mm行程的运动。