Gradient index (GRIN) lenses are often used as an optical relay to a sample at a location that is not accessible for a standard microscope. This capability is turning them into an important enabling technology that ex...Gradient index (GRIN) lenses are often used as an optical relay to a sample at a location that is not accessible for a standard microscope. This capability is turning them into an important enabling technology that extends many optical imaging modalities like harmonic laser scanned imaging with micro endoscopic in vivo capabilities as needed in research and diagnostics. These micro endoscopic imaging variants however rely on the light scattering capability of the underlying tissue. Further complications arise from an increased number of optical interfaces and the overall optical performance of a GRIN rod. We have therefore performed a quantitative comparison of the back-scattered second harmonic generation (SHG) signal intensity generated in skin and low-scattering muscle tissue, both obtained with a standard two photon laser scanning microscope (LSM) and a GRIN lens based LSM. We report that the GRIN lens based system sees approximately 1/4 of the net two photon signal detected by the standard LSM. We expect that this value can be generalized to other LSM techniques enhanced by GRIN technology and encourage its use in experimental situations with standard LSM signal to noise ratios of four or higher.展开更多
This paper focused on residential district planning process.Using GIS and SketchUp software,a common digital relief map model of a residential district was created,and the air distribution(both velocity and temperatur...This paper focused on residential district planning process.Using GIS and SketchUp software,a common digital relief map model of a residential district was created,and the air distribution(both velocity and temperature)within this residential district was established by CFD simulation.So,the velocity and temperature of the air at any location within the residential district,as well as the worse flow area and overheat area can be clearly presented.An index of micro thermal environment for the air distribution evaluation was established.Depending on a certain residential district planning model,from the air parameters of the micro environment at any location within the residential district,such as air velocity and air temperature,the index of micro thermal environment was obtained by certain principles and data processing process.By this index,the residential district planning scheme was evaluated corresponding to the thermal characteristics of the residential district.If this index is not good enough or unsatisfied,the residential district planning idea and process can be changed or improved accordingly in order to get a better thermal characteristics of the residential district judged by the established evaluation index system.展开更多
文摘Gradient index (GRIN) lenses are often used as an optical relay to a sample at a location that is not accessible for a standard microscope. This capability is turning them into an important enabling technology that extends many optical imaging modalities like harmonic laser scanned imaging with micro endoscopic in vivo capabilities as needed in research and diagnostics. These micro endoscopic imaging variants however rely on the light scattering capability of the underlying tissue. Further complications arise from an increased number of optical interfaces and the overall optical performance of a GRIN rod. We have therefore performed a quantitative comparison of the back-scattered second harmonic generation (SHG) signal intensity generated in skin and low-scattering muscle tissue, both obtained with a standard two photon laser scanning microscope (LSM) and a GRIN lens based LSM. We report that the GRIN lens based system sees approximately 1/4 of the net two photon signal detected by the standard LSM. We expect that this value can be generalized to other LSM techniques enhanced by GRIN technology and encourage its use in experimental situations with standard LSM signal to noise ratios of four or higher.
文摘This paper focused on residential district planning process.Using GIS and SketchUp software,a common digital relief map model of a residential district was created,and the air distribution(both velocity and temperature)within this residential district was established by CFD simulation.So,the velocity and temperature of the air at any location within the residential district,as well as the worse flow area and overheat area can be clearly presented.An index of micro thermal environment for the air distribution evaluation was established.Depending on a certain residential district planning model,from the air parameters of the micro environment at any location within the residential district,such as air velocity and air temperature,the index of micro thermal environment was obtained by certain principles and data processing process.By this index,the residential district planning scheme was evaluated corresponding to the thermal characteristics of the residential district.If this index is not good enough or unsatisfied,the residential district planning idea and process can be changed or improved accordingly in order to get a better thermal characteristics of the residential district judged by the established evaluation index system.