The Influence of Initial Carbonate Concentration on the Folin-Ciocalteu Micro-Method for the Determination of Phenolics with Low Concentration in the Presence of Me-thanol: A Comparative Study of Real-Time Monitored Reactions

During the Folin Ciocalteu (F-C) micro-assay for the determination of phenolics in the presence of methanol, fine solids can form. In a previous paper, we hypothesized that the interference from alcohol on the F-C reaction can be minimized depending on the particular procedure used to reach the alkalinity condition. In order to demonstrate our hypothesis we studied, by spectrophotometrically monitoring, the time-behaviour of the reactions carried out in the presence of different methanol concentrations at the same alkalinity condition from two protocols. The results showed that the interfering effect of methanol on the F-C micro-method can be affect and even prevented depending on working conditions. In particular, the formation of fine solids can be delayed, slowed down and prevented depending on the initial carbonate concentration used. We have explained why the initial carbonate concentration, used to reach the final alkalinity condition, plays an important role in the F-C reaction carried out in the presence of methanol. Moreover, the results from real-time monitoring showed that, differently from traditional F-C procedure, our procedure allows us to carry out the F-C micro method in the presence of 6% methanol, as an extreme concentration, reading the absorbance at real time 24 min. The real-time monitoring of absorbance can be considered as a useful means to explore the effect of other parameters on precipitate formation caused by the presence of methanol in the F-C reaction.

Characterizing the influence of stress-induced microcracks on the laboratory strength and fracture development in brittle rocks using a finite-discrete element method-micro discrete fracture network FDEM-μDFN approach

Heterogeneity is an inherent component of rock and may be present in different forms including mineralheterogeneity, geometrical heterogeneity, weak grain boundaries and micro-defects. Microcracks areusually observed in crystalline rocks in two forms： natural and stress-induced; the amount of stressinducedmicrocracking increases with depth and in-situ stress. Laboratory results indicate that thephysical properties of rocks such as strength, deformability, P-wave velocity and permeability areinfluenced by increase in microcrack intensity. In this study, the finite-discrete element method （FDEM）is used to model microcrack heterogeneity by introducing into a model sample sets of microcracks usingthe proposed micro discrete fracture network （mDFN） approach. The characteristics of the microcracksrequired to create mDFN models are obtained through image analyses of thin sections of Lac du Bonnetgranite adopted from published literature. A suite of two-dimensional laboratory tests including uniaxial,triaxial compression and Brazilian tests is simulated and the results are compared with laboratory data.The FDEM-mDFN models indicate that micro-heterogeneity has a profound influence on both the mechanicalbehavior and resultant fracture pattern. An increase in the microcrack intensity leads to areduction in the strength of the sample and changes the character of the rock strength envelope. Spallingand axial splitting dominate the failure mode at low confinement while shear failure is the dominantfailure mode at high confinement. Numerical results from simulated compression tests show thatmicrocracking reduces the cohesive component of strength alone, and the frictional strength componentremains unaffected. Results from simulated Brazilian tests show that the tensile strength is influenced bythe presence of microcracks, with a reduction in tensile strength as microcrack intensity increases. Theimportance of microcrack heterogeneity in reproducing a bi-linear or S-shape failure envelope and itseffects on the mechanisms leading to spalling damage near an underground opening are also discussed.

Assessment of Domestic Water Sources Safety: Application of the Micro Biological Survey Method and Microbiological Profile of the Contaminating Bacteria

Water is essential for human life and it’s expected to be clean and safe. In Cameroon, government efforts to improve access to drinking water are mitigated. Many households are suffering from chronic water shortages leading to the majority of people using doubtful water sources. This study was carried out in accordance with guidelines produced by the STARBIOS2-EU funded project on Responsible Research and Innovation and aimed to assess the microbiological quality of water samples collected from domestic water sources in 3 divisions of the West region of Cameroon. 22 water samples from well water, stream, water pump and river were aseptically collected. At each sampling point, 50 mL of sample was taken aseptically and immediately transported to the laboratory for analysis. The detection of Coliforms bacteria was done using Micro Biological Survey (MBS) method. 1 mL of each sample was inoculated in the Coliforms MBS (Coli MBS) vial initially rehydrated with 10 mL of sterile distilled water. The Coli MBS vials were closed, shaken for homogenization, and then incubated at 37°C. From the initial red color of the Coli MBS vials, changes in color to yellow of the reaction vials were monitored at three different time intervals (12 h, 19 h and 24 h), corresponding to three levels of bacterial concentration. All positives samples on MBS method were selected to determine the presence of E. coli Loop full broths of Coli MBS vials were taken;streaked into the eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar plate and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. E. coli was confirmed by observing green metallic sheen on EMB agar plate. The biochemical indole, methyl red, Voges-Proskauer and citrate (IMViC) test was performed to determine the complete microbiological profile of the water samples. Almost all the water samples were contaminated with Total Coliforms (TC). A high concentration of TC (>103 CFU/mL) was found in 8 samples (36.4%), a medium concentration (10 < x < 103 CFU/mL) was observed in 10 samples (45.5%) and 2 samples (9.1%) were low concentrated (1 < x < 10 CFU/mL). 8 samples were positive for the presence of E. coli by observing the green metallic sheen on EMB agar plates. The IMViC test confirmed the presences of 5 bacteria species: Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., E. coli spp., Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. We recommend integrating sanitary assessment in the design and implementation of water supply projects. Regular water purification using proper methods and maintenances of the water point. Regular microbiological quality assessment of water intended for human consumption should be planned and carried out.

Area Method Analysis and Thermodynamic Behavior of Nonmetallic Micro-Inclusions in Casting Slab of GCr15 Bearing Steel

The distribution and characteristics of nonmetallic micro-inclusions of GCr15 bearing steel were explored through metallographic area method in virtue of tracer method and electronic microscope.The results show that the micro-inclusions,of which the average value is 0.032%,are mainly the compounds formed via the adsorption/aggregation of multielement deoxidized compounds and secondarily deoxidized products on tundish liquid level.The micro-inclusions of diameters from 0 to 5 μm are 92.5% in total,which basically determines the characteristics of inclusions distribution in casting slab.The inclusions of diameters more than 10 μm only account for less than 1% in total,which have little influence on steel quality.The relationship between equilibrium compositions of the first deoxidation products and molten steel compositions was also calculated based on thermodynamic theory.

Fabrication of micro-scale gratings for moiré method with a femtosecond laser

Fabrication of micro gratings using a femtosecond laser exposure system is experimentally investigated for the electron moire method. Micro holes and lines are firstly etched for parameter study. Grating profile is theoretically optimized to form high quality moire patterns. For a demonstration, a parallel grating is fabricated on a specimen of quartz glass. The minimum line width and the distance between two adjacent lines are both set to be 1 μm, and the frequency of grating is 500 lines/ram. The experimental results indicate that the quality of gratings is good and the relative error of the gratings pitch is about 1.5%. Based on molte method, scanning electron microscope （SEM） moire patterns are observed clearly, which manifests that gratings fabricated with the femtosecond laser exposure is suitable for micro scale deformation measurement.

A New Approach Based on Iterative Method for the Characterization of a Micro-Strip Line with Thick Copper Conductor

In this work, we applied two electromagnetic models for the characterization of a planar structure including a flat, thick copper conductor. Indeed the first model is consisted by modeling two metal ribbons without bulkiness, placed one above the other at a distance of h2 equal to the thickness of the thick conductor. This approach has been implemented and tested by the iterative method. The results of simulations have been compared with those calculated by the Ansoft HFSS software, and they are in good concordance, validating the method of analysis used. The second model is based on the calculation of the effective permittivity of the medium containing the thick conductor. This medium consists of a metallic region of complex relative permittivity , the rest of this medium is filled with air er2 = 1. The effective permittivity eeff calculated from these two relative permittivity er2 and . Comparing the simulation results of this new formulation of the iterative method with those calculated by the software Ansoft HFSS shows that they are in good matching which validates the second model.

ZnO micro-nano composite hydrophobic film prepared by the three-step method

The hydrophobicity of the lotus leaf is mainly due to its surface micro-nano composite structure. In order to mimic the lotus structure, ZnO micro-nano composite hydrophobic films were prepared via the three-step method. On thin buffer films of SiO2, which were first fabricated on glass substrates by the so,gel dip-coating method, a ZnO seed layer was deposited via RF magnetron sputtering. Then two different ZnO films, micro-nano and micro-only flowerlike structures, were grown by the hydrothermal method. The prepared films have different hydrophobic properties after surface modification. The structures of the obtained ZnO films were characterized using x-ray diffraction and field-emission scanning electron microscopy. A conclusion that a micro-nano composite structure is more beneficial to hydrophobicity than a micro-only structure was obtained through research into the effect of structure on hydrophobic properties.

Preparation of micro-nano hollow multiphase ceramic microspheres containing MnFe_2O_4 absorbent by self-reactive quenching method

Fe–Fe2O3–MnO2–sucrose–epoxy resin and O2 as reaction system and feed gas,separately,were used to prepare micro-nano hollow multiphase ceramic microspheres containing MnFe2O4absorbent by self-reactive quenching method which is integrated with flame jet,selfpropagating high-temperature synthesis(SHS),and rapidly solidification.The morphologies and phase compositions of hollow microspheres were studied by scanning electron microscope(SEM),transmission electron microscope(TEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and energy dispersive spectroscopy.The results show that the quenching products are regular spherical substantially with hollow structure,particle size is between few hundreds nanometers and 5 lm.Phase compositions are diphase of Fe3O4,Mn3O4,and MnFe2O4,and the spinel soft magnetic ferrite MnFe2O4 with microwave magnetic properties is in majority.Collisions with each other,burst as well as‘‘refinement’’of agglomerate powders in flame field may be the main reasons for the formation of micro-nano hollow multiphase ceramic microspheres containing MnFeOabsorbent.

A Method for Determining Sedimentary Micro-Facies Belts Automatically

It is important to understand the distribution of sedimentary facies, especially the distribution of sand body that is the key for oil production and exploration. The secondary oil recovery requires analyzing a great deal of data acc-umulated within decades of oil field development. At many cases sedimentary micro-facies maps need to be reconstru-cted and redrawn frequently, which is time-consuming and heavy. This paper presents an integrated approach for determi-ning the distribution of sedimentary micro-facies, tracing the micro-facies boundary, and drawing the map of sedimentary micro-facies belts automatically by computer technique. The approach is based on the division and correlation of strata of multiple wells as well as analysis of sedimentary facies. The approach includes transform, gridding, interpolation, sup-erposing, searching boundary and drawing the map of sedimentary facies belts, and employs the spatial interpolation me-thod and "worm"interpolation method to determine the distribution of sedimentary micro-facies including sand ribbon and/or sand blanket. The computer software developed on the basis of the above principle provides a tool for quick visu-alization and understanding the distribution of sedimentary micro-facies and reservoir. Satisfied results have been achieve-ed by applying the technique to the Putaohua Oil Field in Songliao Basin, China.

Structural and Piezoelectric Properties of Sr_(0.6)Ba_(0.4)Nb_2O_6 Micro-rods Synthesized by Molten-Salt Method

Sr0.6 Ba0.4 Nb2 O6 micro-rods are prepared by the molten-salt method with K2 SO4,KCl-K2 SO4,and KCl as fluxes.It reveals that the Sr0.6 Ba0.4 Nb2 O6 synthesized with KCl as a flux exhibits a single phase with tetragonal tungsten bronze structure.The measurement of X-ray diffraction indicates that the Sr0.6 Ba0.4 Nb2 O6 micro-rods synthesized at 1 300℃are anisotropic.The morphology of the powers is examined by transmission electron microscope.It reveals that the length-diameter ratio of Sr0.6 Ba0.4 Nb2 O6 micro-rods increases with increasing annealing temperature from 900℃to 1 300℃.At 1 300℃,the rod possesses a large length-diameter ratio of 8∶1.Moreover,the analysis of the piezoelectric properties of single micro-rods using apiezo-response force microscope indicates that the domains of the material are arranged along its radial direction.

微视频反例教学法结合微格教学法对实习护士临床思维及核心能力的影响

目的探讨微视频反例教学法结合微格教学法对实习护士临床思维及核心能力的影响。方法选择2021年1月至12月的20名科室实习护士为对照组(常规护理带教模式),另选取2022年1月至12月的20名科室实习护士为观察组(微视频反例教学法结合微格教学法)。比较两组的出科成绩、临床思维能力、核心能力及教学满意度。结果观察组的理论成绩、技能操作成绩、案例分析成绩高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组的中文版批判性思维能力测量表(CTDI-CV)各维度评分明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组的职业态度、治疗沟通和关系、一般表现、具体的临床表现评分明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组的教学满意度明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论微视频反例教学法结合微格教学法可提升实习护士的综合素质与临床思维,也能提高核心能力与教学满意度,值得推广应用。

钨极高压微电弧温度模型的建立与验证

为提高一体式微球形钨探针的制备成功率,对制备过程中高压微电弧进行了研究。建立了钨极高压微电弧的多物理场耦合仿真模型以计算电极间距在0.5~2.0 mm、电压在1~12 kV时的电弧温度分布;然后对仿真结果进行最小二乘拟合,进而得到了电弧温度与放电参数之间的数学模型;最后,基于Boltzmann作图法搭建了光谱测温系统,并对数学模型进行了验证。研究结果表明:电弧呈椭球形分布,近阳极区存在高温屏障,阳极温度远低于阴极温度;电弧温度与电压、电极间距之间均为类抛物线性关系;模型计算结果与实验结果的平均相对误差为3.3%。该模型可用于计算电弧温度,从而实现钨探针的可控制备。

氟化石墨烯的理化性能、制备改性及摩擦学研究进展

氟化石墨烯(FG)作为1种石墨烯衍生物,兼具石墨烯材料低剪切、高承载的力学性能以及氟化碳材料独特的理化性能.相较于其他固体润滑材料,FG在极压性与减摩抗磨性等方面表现出了巨大的性能优势,成为当前固体润滑领域研究的热点材料.本文中梳理总结了近年来FG在制备方法、修饰改性、分散稳定性、润滑机制与润滑应用等方面的研究进展以及在应用过程中存在的主要问题,并对未来FG在摩擦学领域的主要研究方向与应用前景提出了一些建议和展望.

基于响应面法的微电解活化过硫酸盐降解苯酚研究

目的优化微电解活化过硫酸盐氧化处理苯酚废水体系的工艺条件,提高废水处理效果。方法构建微电解活化过硫酸盐氧化降解体系,采用响应面法分析过硫酸盐浓度、初始pH值和反应温度对苯酚废水降解效果的影响,使用模型确定最佳工艺参数。结果三个因素对苯酚降解率均有较显著影响,显著性由大到小依次为反应温度、过硫酸盐浓度、初始pH值;模拟得出的最佳工艺条件:过硫酸盐浓度为15.98 mmol/L、初始pH值为2.78、反应温度为74.73℃,并且模拟预测结果与试验数据非常接近。结论该模型可以较为准确地预测微电解活化过硫酸盐降解苯酚废水的最佳反应条件与降解率。

Scale Effects and a Method for Similarity Evaluation in Micro Electrical Discharge Machining

Electrical discharge machining（EDM） is a promising non-traditional micro machining technology that offers a vast array of applications in the manufacturing industry. However, scale effects occur when machining at the micro-scale, which can make it difficult to predict and optimize the machining performances of micro EDM. A new concept of ＂scale effects＂ in micro EDM is proposed, the scale effects can reveal the difference in machining performances between micro EDM and conventional macro EDM. Similarity theory is presented to evaluate the scale effects in micro EDM. Single factor experiments are conducted and the experimental results are analyzed by discussing the similarity difference and similarity precision. The results show that the output results of scale effects in micro EDM do not change linearly with discharge parameters. The values of similarity precision of machining time significantly increase when scaling-down the capacitance or open-circuit voltage. It is indicated that the lower the scale of the discharge parameter, the greater the deviation of non-geometrical similarity degree over geometrical similarity degree, which means that the micro EDM system with lower discharge energy experiences more scale effects. The largest similarity difference is 5.34 while the largest similarity precision can be as high as 114.03. It is suggested that the similarity precision is more effective in reflecting the scale effects and their fluctuation than similarity difference. Consequently, similarity theory is suitable for evaluating the scale effects in micro EDM. This proposed research offers engineering values for optimizing the machining parameters and improving the machining performances of micro EDM.

Simulation of Hydrophobicity Evaluation and Structural Optimization Design Method for Micro-Array Units

In recent years, researches published on hydrophobic materials increase rapidly, wherein the method for changing hydrophobicity by modifying a micro-array structure on the surface of the material also has been proposed. Of course, if it is possible for us to quantitatively analyse and evaluate hydrophobicity of different structures of one certain material at first, this task will greatly optimize the design of actual structures. In this work, we used the algorithm for Laminar Two-Phase Flow, Horizontal-set method integrated in COMSOL to build two single-pore simulation structures in different shapes and simulated the behaviour of the liquid transition from Cassie-state to Wenzel-state during the impregnation process. After that, the intrinsic contact angle of Structure T (a porous structure with a T-shaped sectional profile) was obtained under a certain pressure which maintained liquids in Cassie-state. Meanwhile, two equilibrium states of the liquid-air interface as well as two different patterns of the equilibrium state disrupting were found in Structure R (a porous structure with a Chamfered T-shaped sectional profile). Simulation results show that the modelling method can be applied for simulating the hydrophobicity of different porous structures and optimizing the procedures for the design of the micro-array efficiently.

基于逆向工程法培养小学生微创新能力的实践研究——以“3D打印”为例

逆向工程法是一种“从成品出发”的教学方法,降低了创新门槛,容易实现微创新。文章以微创新能力内涵为导向,遵循“从仿到创”的阶段式教学理念,在项目式教学理论、做中学理论的支持下,提出了基于逆向工程法培养小学生微创新能力的教学活动框架,以“3D打印”为例进行三轮教学实践,并采用三角互证的方法从教师、学生、教学过程三个角度探究实践效果,以此修正与完善活动框架。研究结果表明,基于逆向工程法设计的教学活动从总体上显著提高了小学生微创新能力水平,对创新思维与创新技能要素也有显著促进作用,但对创新人格的影响不显著。研究结果为小学生微创新能力培养及国家创新人才培养提供了理论指导和实践参考。

微悬浮法消光PVC糊树脂膨润度的测定方法

确定了微悬浮消光PVC糊树脂膨润度的测试方法:采用10 mL刻度试管,样品量为0.2440 g,加入四氢呋喃溶剂量为8 mL,水浴溶胀温度为60℃,水浴溶胀时间为2 h,室温放置溶胀时间为48 h。

高职课程思政之微电影教学方法探索与实践研究——以“通信概论”课程思政为例

微电影教学方法遵循理论与实践相结合、教师引领与学生践行相统一、思政语言指导与学生网络语言拍摄相融合的原则,是一种适应高职学生学习行为的新模式,为课程思政教学方法创新提供了路径。该文以“通信概论”课程思政教学实践为例,探索和构建了以“建好一个团队、抓好“两结合”、做好“三环节”、打造‘四有’沟通方法、完善五类促进措施”为内容的“12345”微电影教学模式,使高职专业课程思政与微电影相容相吸。提出了优化“两感双能”教学评价量化指标,实现了课程思政考核创新,并结合课程思政教学实践给出了深化微电影教学模式改革、提升育人实效的对策。

综合物探在矿山深部资源勘查中的应用

矿产资源是社会和经济发展必不可少的物质基础,目前国内多数老矿山面临已探明储量枯竭的严峻形势,现有的勘查知识和技术难以解决矿山找矿勘查所遇到的特殊难题。针对矿山找矿的特殊性,本文结合安徽省霍邱某矿区的地质及物探资料,在采矿区选取典型剖面进行重磁、微动及可控源音频大地电磁法(Controllable Source Audio Magnetotelluric Method,CSAMT)。以微动和音频大地电磁数据分析推测浅部矿体采空及塌陷区;在深部将微动勘探与重力数据结合,取长补短,通过剪切模量将微动视横波速度与地下介质密度直接联系起来,经已知矿体位置剪切模量的分布规律并结合重磁反演在300 m以深推测了两条近平行层状分布的矿体,矿体长200~250 m,最厚处约50 m;在标高100~200 m的类似S形褶皱拐点处可能为成矿有利位置;同时推测已知主矿体在底板以深还有延伸。通过本次工作,证实了在当前老矿区内,将新技术微动勘探与传统物探方法相结合,各取其长,能提高矿山深边部及外围隐伏矿床(体)定位预测的有效性,挖掘新的找矿潜力。