FIVE RED TIDE SPECIES IN GENUS PROROCENTRUM INCLUDING THE DESCRIPTION OF PROROCENTRUM DONGHAIENSE LU SP. NOV.FROM THE EAST CHINA SEA

A new planktonic dinoflagellate, Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu sp. nov., is described in the present paper. The water sample was collected from the Changjiang Estuary, the East China Sea. The species identification is based on shape, size, surface micro morphology, ornamentation of thecal plates and the architecture of the periflagellar area and the intercalary bands as seen by light and scanning electron microscope. Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu sp. nov. is compared with other prorocentrum species with respect to morphological characteristics and bloom behavior. It is not known whether Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu sp. nov produces phycotoxins like some other Prorocentrum species. Four other red tide species in the family Prorocentraceae (Dinophyceae), namely P. balticum , P. minimum, P. micans, P. triestinum , were examined and identified by light and scanning electron microscope. They have been recorded as bloom forming species. Some aggregates of Prorocentrum are observed at the end of blooms. An event of strong discoloration caused by P. donghaiense could be detected by satellite sensor in the East China Sea in the late spring of 1995.

Process Evaluation, Tensile Properties and Fatigue Resistance of Chopped and Continuous Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites by 3D Printing

The aim of this article was to comprehensively evaluate the manufacturing process,tensile properties and fatigue resistance of the chopped and continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites(CFRTPCs)by 3D printing.The main results included:the common defects of the printed CFRTPCs contained redundant and accumulation defects,scratch and warping defects;the continuous fiber contributed to the dimensional stability and accuracy of width and thickness;associations between mass percentage of fiber reinforcement and the averages of elastic mod-ulus,strain at break and ultimate tensile strength were approximately linear based on tensile test results;the fati-gue resistance improved with the increasing fiber reinforcement based on fatigue test results.As for specimens with four fiber rings,there was a good linear relationship between the stress level and logarithm value of cycles during the whole life while those of pure matrix and specimens with one and two fiber rings were piecewise linear,taking about 10,000 cycles as boundary.The micro morphology showed that the fatigue failure behaved as matrix fracture,large and small fiber bundles and single fibers extracted from matrix.Under the tension-tension fatigue load,the deformations where easily concentrating stress behaved as sunken surfaces along thickness and width directions,and the deformation along width direction was greater than that along thickness direction.

Long-term Properties of Aeolian Sand-magnesium Oxychloride Cement Composites and Its Engineering Application

In order to prepare a new material with long-term stable performance,low cost,easy construction,and ecological environmental protection,the influence of aeolian sand on the compressive and flexural strength as well as micro morphology and phase composition of magnesium oxychloride cement(MOC)was studied.The experimental results indicate that,with the increase of content of doping sand,the compressive strength and flexural strength of MOC decrease significantly.However,when the quality ratio of aeolian sand and light burned magnesia powder is 1:8,the performance meets the actual engineering needs.Namely,the compressive strength of MOC is not less than 18 MPa,and flexural strength is not less than 4 MPa.Meanwhile,within 12 months of age,the compressive strength and flexural strength are stable.There is no obvious change in phase composition,and its main phase is still 5·1·8 phase.Microscopic appearance changes from needle-like to gel-like shape.Based on engineering applications,it is found that when the novel sand-fixing material is used in the field for one year,its macroscopic feature is not damaged,compressive strength and flexural strength are also more stable,phase composition negligibly changes,and micro morphology has also been turned into be gellike shape.These further confirm the long-term stability and weather resistance of MOC doping aeolian sand,providing theoretical and technical support for the widely application of MOC in the field of sand fixation in the future.

HPHT preparation and Micro-Raman characterization of polycrystalline diamond compact with low residual stress

High quality grown polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) with low residual stress was prepared using the infiltration method with nickel based alloys as the solvent under high temperature and high pressure (HPHT). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the micro morphology of the diamond layer and the diamond/WC substrate interface. It was found that dense and interlaced microstructure with diamond-diamond (D-D) direct bonding formed in the diamond layer of PDC. Micro-Raman spectroscopy was used to measure the Raman shift of diamonds in the polycrystalline diamond (PCD) layer and the residual stress was calculated based on the Raman shift of diamonds. Experimental results show that the residual stress of PCD layer is compressive stress, and the range of the residual stress is from 0.075 to 0.250 GPa in the whole PCD layer, much lower than that of other reports (up to 1.400 GPa). Moreover, the distribution of the residual stress from the diamond surface layer to the inner cross-section is homogeneous.

Particle agglomeration behavior in fluidized bed during direct reduction of iron oxide by CO/H_(2)mixtures

The agglomeration behavior of particles significantly impacts on the defluidization occurring in a fluidized bed during the direct reduction process.The influence of CO/H_(2)ratio on surface diffusion of iron atoms was proposed,and the solid bridge force between iron oxide particles was quantificationally analyzed.Moreover,the solid bridge force was successfully added into a CFD–DEM(computational fluid dynamics–discrete element method)model combined with heat transfer and mass transport to investigate the detailed information of agglomeration in a fluidized bed,including the spatial distribution of temperature,velocity and metallization of iron oxide particles.The region of defluidization is sensitive to the reduction temperature.At the same reduction temperature,the iron oxide powder will perform higher metallization and stable fluidization properties with molar fraction of H_(2)in the range of 0.6–0.8,when iron oxide is reduced by CO/H_(2)mixture.