Heterostructured BiOI@La(OH)_3 nanorods with enhanced visible light photocatalytic NO removal

Heterostructured BiOI@La（OH）3 nanorod photocatalysts were prepared by a facile chemical impregnation method.The enhanced visible light absorption and charge carrier separation can be simultaneously realized after the introduction of BiOI particles into La（OH）3 nanorods.The BiOI@La（OH）3 composites were applied for visible light photocatalytic oxidization of NO in air and exhibited an enhanced activity compared with BiOI and pure La（OH）3 nanorods.The results show that the energy levels between the La（OH）3 and BiOI phases matched well with each other,thus forming a heterojunctioned BiOI@La（OH）3 structure.This band structure matching could promote the separation and transfer of photoinduced electron-hole pairs at the interface,resulting in enhanced photocatalytic performance under visible light irradiation.The photocatalytic performance of BiOI@La（OH）3 is shown to be dependent on the mass ratio of BiOI to La（OH）3.The highest photocatalytic performance can be achieved when the mass ratio of BiOI to La（OH）3 is controlled at 1.5.A further increase of the mass ratio of BiOI weakened the redox abilities of the photogenerated charge carriers.A new photocatalytic mechanism for BiOI@La（OH）3 heterostructures is proposed,which is directly related to the efficient separation of photogenerated charge carriers by the heterojunction.Importantly,the as-prepared BiOI@La（OH）3 heterostructures exhibited a high photochemical stability after multiple reaction runs.Our findings demonstrate that BiOI is an effective component for the formation of a heterostructure with the properties of a wide bandgap semiconductor,which is of great importance for extending the light absorption and photocatalytic activity of wide bandgap semiconductors into visible light region.

Preparation, friction and wear properties of hydrophobic lanthanum borate nanorods in rapeseed oil

Oleic acid (denoted as OA) surface-caped lanthanum borate nanorods, abbreviated as OA/LaBO3·H2O, were prepared via hydrothermal method. The microstructures of the as-prepared OA/LaBO3·H2O nanorods were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The friction and wear properties of OA/LaBO3·H2O nanorods in rapeseed oil were evaluated with a four-ball tribo-tester. The results show that the as-prepared OA/LaBO3·H2O nanorods are hydrophobic and display nanorods morphology with uniform diameter of about 50 nm and length of up to 500 nm. In the meantime, OA/LaBO3·H2O nanorods can obviously improve the anti-wear and friction-reducing capacities of rapeseed oil, and the optimal anti-wear and friction-reducing properties of rapeseed oil were obtained at an OA/LaBO3·H2O content of 1% (mass fraction).

Synthesis and Characterization of GaN Nanorods by Ammoniating Ga_2O_3 /Co Films Deposited on Si(111) Substrates

GaN nanorods are successfully synthesized on Si（111） substrates with magnetron sputtering through ammoniating Ga2O3/Co films at 950℃. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy,and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy are used to characterize the samples. The results demonstrate that the nanorods are single-crystal GaN with a hexagonal wurtzite structure and possess relatively smooth surfaces. The growth mechanism of GaN nanorods is also discussed.

Preparation of MnxNi0.5-xZn0.5Fe2O4 Nanorods by the Co-precipitation Method

MnxNi0.5-xZn0.5Fe2O4 nanorods were successfully synthesized by the thermal treatment of rod-like precursors that were fabricated by the co-precipitation of Mn2＋, Ni2＋, and Fe2＋ in the lye. The phase, morphology, and particle diameter were examined by the X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The magnetic properties of the samples were studied using a vibrating sample magnetometer. nanorods with a diameter of 35 nm and an The results indicated that pure Ni0.5-xZn0.5Fe2O4 aspect ratio of 15 were prepared. It was found that the diametei of the MnxNi0.5-xZn0.5Fe2O4（0≤x≤0.5） samples increased, the length and the aspect .ratio decreased, with an increase in x value. When x=0.5, the diameter and the aspect ratio of the sample reached up to 50 nm and 7-8, respectively. The coercivity of the samples first increased and then decreased with the increase in the x value. The coercivity of the samples again increased when the x value was higher than 0.4. When x=0.5, the coercivity of the MnxNi0.5-xZn0.5Fe2O4 sample reached the maximal value （134.3 Oe） at the calcination temperature of 600 ℃. The saturation magnetization of the samples first increased and then. decreased with the increase in the x value. When x=0.2, the saturation magnetizat：ion of the sample reached the maximal value （68.5 emu/g） at the calcination temperature of 800 ℃.

Synthesis, Characterization and Luminescent Properties of La2Zr2OT：Eu3＋ Nanorods

The Eu3＋-doped La2Zr207 phosphor with rod-like morphology was successfully synthesized by conventional solid state reaction and hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction patterns, transmission electron microscopy, and photoluminescence spectra were employed to charac- terize its structure and morphology as well as luminescent properties. The results indicated that the red-emitting phosphor La2Zr207：Eu3＋ had well crystallized and belonged to the cubic structure with space group of Fd3m. The as-obtained product mainly appeared as straight nanorods with an average diameter of 47 nm and length of 50-700 nm. The pos- sible growth mechanism was also discussed. It was found that under blue excitation with a wavelength of 466 nm, the La2Zr2OT：Eu3＋ phosphor exhibited a characteristic red emission at 616 nm that was attributed to the hypersensitive 5D0--＊TF2 electric dipole transition of Eu3＋ ions. Meanwhile, it was more interesting to note that the emission of 5D1--＊TFj （J=0, 1, 2） transitions and the splitting patterns of 5D0---＋TFJ （J--l, 2, 4） transitions of Eu3＋ ions can be observed in the luminescent spectra of La2Zr207：Eu3＋. It was demonstrated that Eu3＋ preferred to occupy a low symmetry site.

Effect of annealing treatment on morphologies and gas sensing properties of ZnO nanorods

The high-temperature stabilization of ZnO nanorods synthesized by hydrothermal treatment was investigated. The structure and morphologies of ZnO nanorods were characterized by XRD and SEM, respectively. The thermal stability of ZnO nanorods was also detected by thermal gravity analyzing. Thermal annealing treatment results indicate that ZnO nanorods are fundamentally stable when annealing temperature is lower than 600 ℃. When annealing temperature is beyond 600℃, the diameters of ZnO nanorods obviously decrease and the aggravating tendency of nanorods between each other also increase. Annealing treatment can greatly influence the gas sensing properties of ZnO nanorods. Comparing with ZnO nanorods without annealing treatment, the gas sensing property of ZnO nanorods to H2 with concentration of 2.5×10-6 can increase from 2.22 to 3.56. ZnO nanorods annealed at 400 ℃ exhibit optimum gas sesing property to H2 gas.

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Field Enhancement Behavior of ZnO Nanorods Pattern

We provide a new way to prepare ZnO nanorods pattern from the solution composed of hexamethylenetetramine （HMT） and Zn（NO3）2. The substrate is ITO substrate covered by well ordered Au islands. Since Au and the underneath ITO substrate have two different nucleation rates in the initial stage of heterogeneous nucleation process, the subsequent ZnO growth on the quick nucleating area takes place under diffusion control and is able to confine the synthesis of ZnO nanorods to specific locations. The concentrations of zinc nitrate and HMT are well adjusted to show the possibility of the new route for the patterning of the ZnO nanorods. Furthermore, the nanorods pattern was characterized by X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence and the performance of field emission property from ZnO nanorod patterns was investigated. The ZnO nanorods pattern with a good alignment also shows a good field enhancement behavior with a high value of the field enhancement factor.

Synthesis of GaN Nanorods with Herringbone Morphology

Hexagonal GaN nanorods are synthesized on quartz substrates through ammoniating Ga 2O 3 thin films deposited by radio frequency magnetron sputtering.X ray diffraction (XRD),scanning electron microscopy (SEM),high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM),and photoluminescence (PL) are used to analyze the synthesized GaN nanorods.Among the products,one dimensional GaN nanostructures owning protuberances on the surface are detected,which show interesting herringbone morphology.The analysis reveals that the herringbone GaN nanorods are polycrystalline composed of overlapping parallelepiped GaN nanocrystals arranged along the major axis.The large blue shift of yellow PL luminescence of the nanorods is observed at room temperature.

Mg(OH)_2 Nanorods Synthesized by A Facile Hydrothermal Method in the Presence of CTAB

Magnesium hydroxide(Mg(OH)_2) nanorods were synthesized by a simple and facile hydrothermal method in the presence of cetyltetramethylammonium bromide(CTAB) as a surfactant. Nanorods of magnesium oxide Mg O were also induced by thermal decomposition of Mg(OH)_2 nanorods at 700. By using disk diffusion technique, the Mg(OH)_2 nanorods were found to exhibit higher antibacterial efficiency against several tested bacterial strains.

Synthesis of ZnO nanorods and their optical absorption in visible-light region

Single crystalline ZnO nanorods were prepared by the hydrothermal method with synthesized ZnCl2·4Zn（OH）2 as the precursor. Morphologies of the nanorods were controlled by various reaction conditions with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide （CTAB） as the modifying agent. The nanorods were characterized by XRD, TEM, UV-Vis spectra, and IR spectra. The microstructure of holes in nanosize was observed on the surface of the nanorods. The UV-Vis spectra indicate that the as-prepared ZnO nanorods have absorption of visible-hght as well as ultraviolet-light. Therefore, these nanorods may be good candidates for visible-light photocatalysis materials from the viewpoint of practical applications. The reason for visible-light absorption was discussed in this article.

Fluorescent Silicon Nanorods-Based Nanotheranostic Agents for Multimodal Imaging-Guided Photothermal Therapy

The utilization of diagnosis to guide/aid therapy procedures has shown great prospects in the era of personalized medicine along with the recognition of tumor heterogeneity and complexity.Herein,a kind of multifunctional silicon-based nanostructure,i.e.,gold nanoparticles-decorated fluorescent silicon nanorods(Au@SiNRs),is fabricated and exploited for tumor-targeted multimodal imaging-guided photothermal therapy.In particular,the prepared Au@SiNRs feature high photothermal conversion efficiency(~43.9%)and strong photothermal stability(photothermal performance stays constant after five-cycle NIR laser irradiation),making them high-performance agents for simultaneously photoacoustic and infrared thermal imaging.The Au@SiNRs are readily modified with targeting peptide ligands,enabling an enhanced tumor accumulation with a high value of^8.74%ID g?1.Taking advantages of these unique merits,the Au@SiNRs are superbly suitable for specifically ablating tumors in vivo without appreciable toxicity under the guidance of multimodal imaging.Typically,all the mice treated with the Au@SiNRs remain alive,and no distinct tumor recurrence is observed during 60-day investigation.

Hybrid Field-Effect Transistors and Photodetectors Based on Organic Semiconductor and CsPbI_3 Perovskite Nanorods Bilayer Structure

The outstanding performances of nanostructured allinorganic CsPbX_3(X = I, Br, Cl) perovskites in optoelectronic applications can be attributed to their unique combination of a suitable bandgap, high absorption coefficient, and long carrier lifetime, which are desirable for photodetectors. However, the photosensing performances of the CsPbI_3 nanomaterials are limited by their low charge-transport efficiency. In this study, a phototransistor with a bilayer structure of an organic semiconductor layer of 2,7-dioctyl [1] benzothieno[3,2-b] [1] benzothiophene and CsPbI_3 nanorod layer was fabricated. The high-quality CsPbI_3 nanorod layer obtained using a simple dip-coating method provided decent transistor performance of the hybrid transistor device.The perovskite layer efficiently absorbs light, while the organicsemiconductor layer acts as a transport channel for injected photogenerated carriers and provides gate modulation. The hybrid phototransistor exhibits high performance owing to the synergistic function of the photogating effect and field effect in the transistor,with a photoresponsivity as high as 4300 A W^(-1), ultra-high photosensitivity of 2.2 9 106, and excellent stability over 1 month.This study provides a strategy to combine the advantages of perovskite nanorods and organic semiconductors in fabrication of high-performance photodetectors.

Syntheses, Morphologies and Properties of BiOI Nanolamellas and BiSI Nanorods

Well defined BiOI nanolamellas and BiSI nanorods have been synthesized by a solventless method. The phase identity, morphology, growth orientation, and conversion from lamella to rod have been investigated. Several experimental facts suggest that the growth orientations of BiOI nanolamellas and BiSI nanorods are guided by their corresponding crystal structure motifs. The optical band gaps of BiOI and BiSI are measured to be 1.97 and 1.61 eV, and the visible light photocatalytic activity of BiOI lamellas is primarily measured.

Fabrication and magnetic properties of NiFe_2O_4 nanorods

NiFe2O4 nanorods have been successfully synthesized via thermal treatment of the rod-like precursor fabricated by Ni-doped （x-FeOOH, which was enwrapped by the complex of citric acid and Niz~. The morphology evolution during the calcination of the precursor nanorods was investigated with transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, and the phase and the magnetic properties of samples were analyzed through X-ray diffraction （XRD） and vibrating sample magnetometer （VSM）. The results indicated that the diameter of the NiFe204 nanorods obtained ranged between 30 and 50 nm, and the length ranged between 2 and 3 um. As the calcination temperature was up to 600℃, the coercivity, saturation magnetization, and remanent magnetization of the samples were 36.1 kA.m^-1, 27.2 A.m2.kg^-1, and 5.3 A.m2.kg^-1, respectively. The NiFe2O4 nanorods prepared have higher shape anisotropy and superior magnetic properties than those with irregular shapes.

Ferromagnetic MnSb Films Consisting of Nanorods and Nanoleaves

Ferromagnetic MnSb films were synthesized on Si wafers by physical vapor deposition. X-ray diffraction revealed that the films primarily consisted of MnSb alloy. Nanorods and nanoleaves were observed in the MnSb films by field-emission scanning electron microscopy. These nanorods had an average diameter of 20nm and a length of up to hundreds of nanometers. The nanoleaves had a width and thickness of about 100 and 20nm, respectively. Magnetic hysteresis loops were measured by an alternative gradient magnetometer, and the loops showed strong geometrical anisotropy.

Synthesis, characterization and biocompatibility studies of zinc oxide(ZnO) nanorods for biomedical application

Nanoparticles are increasingly being recognized for their potential utility in biological applications including nanomedicine.Here,we have synthesized zinc oxide(ZnO)nanorods using zinc acetate and hexamethylenetetramine as precursors followed by characterizing using X-ray diffraction,fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.The growth of synthesized zinc oxide nanorods was found to be very close to its hexagonal nature,which is confirmed by X-ray diffraction.The nanorod was grown perpendicular to the long-axis and grew along the[001]direction,which is the nature of ZnO growth.The morphology of synthesized ZnO nanorods from the individual crystalline nucleus was confirmed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy.The length of the nanorod was estimated to be around 21 nm in diameter and 50 nm in length.Our toxicology studies showed that synthesized ZnO nanorods exposure on hela cells has no significant induction of oxidative stress or cell death even in higher concentration(10μg/ml).The results suggest that ZnO nanorods might be a safer nanomaterial for biological applications.

Effects of surface adsorbed oxygen, applied voltage, and temperature on UV photoresponse of ZnO nanorods

The ultraviolet（UV） photoresponses of ZnO nanorods directly grown on and between two micro Au-electrodes by using electric-field-assisted wet chemical method are measured comprehensively under different conditions, including ambient environment, applied bias voltage, gate voltage and temperature. Experimental results indicate that the photoresponses of the ZnO nanorods can be modulated by surface oxygen adsorptions, applied voltages, as well as temperatures. A model taking into account both surface adsorbed oxygen and electron-hole activities inside ZnO nanorods is proposed. The enhancement effect of the bias voltage on photoresponse is also analyzed. Experimental results shows that the UV response time（to 63%） of ZnO nanorods in air and at 59°C could be shortened from 34.8 s to 0.24 s with a bias of 4 V applied between anode and cathode.

Effect of rubrene:P3HT bilayer on photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells with electrodeposited ZnO nanorods

Improved photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells is demonstrated through the synergistic effect of electrodeposited ZnO nanorods and rubrene：P3HT bilayer as electron and hole-transporting layers,respectively. Highly crystalline ZnO nanorods were obtained by electrochemical deposition in a chloride medium. Additionally, rubrene interlayer was able to passivate or cover the grain boundaries of perovskite film effectively that led to reduced leakage current. A perovskite solar cell optimized with ZnO nanorods and rubrene：P3HT bilayer achieved a maximum efficiency of 4.9% showing reduced hysteresis behavior compared with the device having P3HT as the only hole-transporting layer. The application of longer nanorods led to better perovskite infiltration and shorter charge carrier path length. These results highlight the potential of electrodeposited ZnO nanorods and rubrene：P3HT bilayer as charge selective layers for efficient perovskite solar cells.

A study of transition from n-to p-type based on hexagonal WO3 nanorods sensor

Hexagonal WO3 nanorods are fabricated by a facile hydrothermal process at 180 ℃ using sodium tungstate and sodium chloride as starting materials. The morphology, structure, and composition of the prepared nanorods are studied by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. It is found that the agglomeration of the nanorods is strongly dependent on the PH value of the reaction solution. Uniform and isolated WO3 nanorods with diameters ranging from 100 nm-150 nm and lengths up to several micrometers are obtained at PH = 2.5 and the nanorods are identified as being hexagonal in phase structure. The sensing characteristics of the WO3 nanorod sensor are obtained by measuring the dynamic response to NO2 with concentrations in the range 0.5 ppm-5 ppm and at working temperatures in the range 25 ℃-250 ℃. The obtained WO3 nanorods sensors are found to exhibit opposite sensing behaviors, depending on the working temperature. When being exposed to oxidizing NO2 gas, the WO3 nanorod sensor behaves as an n-type semiconductor as expected when the working temperature is higher than 50 ℃, whereas, it behaves as a p-type semiconductor below 50 ℃. The origin of the n- to p-type transition is correlated with the formation of an inversion layer at the surface of the WO3 nanorod at room temperature. This finding is useful for making new room temperature NO2 sensors based on hexagonal WO3 nanorods.

Catalytic Performance of MnOx Nanorods in Aerobic Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol

Various manganese oxide nanorods with similar one-dimensional morphology were prepared by calcination of MnOOH nanorods under different gas atmosphere and at different temper- atures, which were synthesized by a hydrothermal route. The morphology and structure of MnOx catalysts were characterized by a series of techniques including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and tempera- ture programmed reduction （TPR）. The catalytic activities of the prepared MnO~ nanorods were tested in the liquid phase aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol, which follow a sequence as MnO2〉Mn203~Mn304〉MnOOH with benzaldehyde being the main product. On the basis of H2-TPR results, the superior activity of MnO2 is ascribed to its lower reduction temperature and therefore high oxygen mobility and excellent redox ability. Moreover, a good recycling ability was observed over MnO2 catalysts by simply thermal treatment in air.