In this study, 22 leaf samples of 22 Lilieae species were collected in six Province at 90 - 3740 m to study the variations of leaf characteristics with altitude change. The Qualitative character of leaf epidermis and ...In this study, 22 leaf samples of 22 Lilieae species were collected in six Province at 90 - 3740 m to study the variations of leaf characteristics with altitude change. The Qualitative character of leaf epidermis and two stomatal indexes, viz. stomatal area (SA), stomatal index (SI), were analyzed in laboratory. The results show that: 1) the shape of the leaf epidermis cells and the pattern of the anticlinal walls provide some useful taxonomic information to distinguish the genus, however, none of the stable traits are exclusive to a genus;2) there are significant or even very significant linear correlations between the two indexes and altitude, of which SA exhibit a negative correlation with altitude (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.294, p = 0.009), while SI exhibit a positive correlation with altitude (r<sup>2</sup> = -0.254, p = 0.017). As a result, the pattern of leaf cells and anticlinal walls is influenced by genetic factors, while the stomatal area and stomatal index are influenced by environmental factors. Members of the tribe Lilieae have a relatively stable elevation range, which is related to their long-term adaptation to the local environment in the structure of their leaf epidermis.展开更多
Buddleja macrostachya （Buddlejaceae） is a widespread shrub native to the Sino-Himalayan mountains and beyond. It has been found to occur at two ploidy levels, hexaploid, 2n=6x=114 and dodecaploid, 2n= 12x=228. To de...Buddleja macrostachya （Buddlejaceae） is a widespread shrub native to the Sino-Himalayan mountains and beyond. It has been found to occur at two ploidy levels, hexaploid, 2n=6x=114 and dodecaploid, 2n= 12x=228. To determine if morphological characters might be used as indicators of ploidy levels, we measured floral and fruit length, relative and absolute leaf size, trichome density on both leaf surfaces, and stomatal density and length in different populations orB. macrostachya. In general, flower and fruit length, absolute leaf size, and stomatal length in,eased with an increase at ploidy level （P〈0.01）, whereas adaxial cell and stomatal density decreased with an increase at ploidy level （P〈0.01）. We found no conspicuous differences in relative leaf size （P〉0.05） in different populations. Other characters studied such as trichome type, cuticular membrane and ornamentation of stomata, cell and stomatal shape, and anticlinal wall pattern were quite constant in this species. Thus it appears that flower and fruit length, absolute leaf size, and stomatal frequency and length can be used to distinguish hexaptoid from dodecaploid cytotypes either in the field or in herbarium specimens.展开更多
To investigate the taxonomic value of leaf epidermal characters in developing a classification for Ligusticum (Apiaceae), thirty-eight species (including a cultivar) of the genus were examined using both light and sca...To investigate the taxonomic value of leaf epidermal characters in developing a classification for Ligusticum (Apiaceae), thirty-eight species (including a cultivar) of the genus were examined using both light and scanning electron microscopy. Our results show that the infrageneric classification of Ligusticum based on the characters of involucel bracteoles, mericarps, and pollen grains was not supported as few epidermal characters were relatively constant at section level. Evidence from leaf epidermis, similar to that from molecular and morphological data, supports the separation of Tilingia (i.e. L. ajanense and L. tachiroei) from Ligusticum. Ligusticopsis was found to be indistinguishable from Ligusticum in epidermal characters. Furthermore, results from epidermal analysis, together with that from cytological evidence, fruit morphology as well as molecular phylogenetics suggest that L. delavayi should be transferred out of Ligusticum.展开更多
[Objectives]To discuss the relationship between left epidermis structures and drought resistance.[Methods]The leaf epidermis of Callisia repens was studied by optical microscope.[Results]The upper and lower epidermal ...[Objectives]To discuss the relationship between left epidermis structures and drought resistance.[Methods]The leaf epidermis of Callisia repens was studied by optical microscope.[Results]The upper and lower epidermal cells of the leaves of Callisia repens arranged closely,and no cell gap was arranged.The morphology of the epidermal cells was hexagonal,few pentagon or heptagon,the equivalent elliptical aspect ratio was 1.20,the vertical wall was straight and there was no stomatal distribution.Compared with the epidermal cells,the morphology of the lower epidermal cells was irregular.The equivalent elliptic aspect ratio was 1.35,and the vertical wall was smooth and curved.The mean oval aspect ratio of the stomatal guard cells was 1.42,the average stomatal density was 11.79/mm 2,and the average stomatal index was 17.21.[Conclusions]These characteristics provide the theoretical basis for the drought resistance of Callisia repens and the ornamental plants as roof greening.展开更多
Particulate pollution is a serious health problem throughout the world, exacerbating a wide range of respiratory and vascular illnesses in urban areas. Urban plants play an important role in reducing particulate pollu...Particulate pollution is a serious health problem throughout the world, exacerbating a wide range of respiratory and vascular illnesses in urban areas. Urban plants play an important role in reducing particulate pollution. Physicochemical characteristics of ambient particles settling upon leaf surfaces of eleven roadside plants at four sites of Beijing were studies. Results showed that density of particles on the leaf surfaces greatly varied with plant species and traffic condition. Fraxinus chiuensis, Sophora japonica Ailanthus altissima, Syringa oblata and Prunus persica, had larger densities of particles among the tall species. Due to resuspension of road dust, the densities of particles of Euonymus japonicns and Parthenocissus quinquefolia with low sampling height were 2-35 times to other taller tree species. For test plant species, micro-roughness of leaf surfaces and density of particles showed a close correlation. In general, the larger micro-roughness of leaf surfaces is, the larger density of particles is. Particles settling upon leaf surfaces were dominantly PM30 （particulate matter less than 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter; 98.4%） and PM2.5 （particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter; 64.2%） which were closely relative to human health. Constant elements of particles were C, O, K, Ca, Si, Al, Mg, Na, Fe, S, Cl and minerals with higher content were SiO2, CaCO3, CaMg（CO3）2, NaCI and 2CASO4. H2O, SiO2. CaCO3 and CaMg（CO3）2 mainly came from resuspension of road dust. 2CaSO4. H2O was produced by the reaction between CaCO3 derived from earth dust or industrial emission and SO2, H2SO4 or sulfate. NaCl was derived from sea salt.展开更多
文摘In this study, 22 leaf samples of 22 Lilieae species were collected in six Province at 90 - 3740 m to study the variations of leaf characteristics with altitude change. The Qualitative character of leaf epidermis and two stomatal indexes, viz. stomatal area (SA), stomatal index (SI), were analyzed in laboratory. The results show that: 1) the shape of the leaf epidermis cells and the pattern of the anticlinal walls provide some useful taxonomic information to distinguish the genus, however, none of the stable traits are exclusive to a genus;2) there are significant or even very significant linear correlations between the two indexes and altitude, of which SA exhibit a negative correlation with altitude (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.294, p = 0.009), while SI exhibit a positive correlation with altitude (r<sup>2</sup> = -0.254, p = 0.017). As a result, the pattern of leaf cells and anticlinal walls is influenced by genetic factors, while the stomatal area and stomatal index are influenced by environmental factors. Members of the tribe Lilieae have a relatively stable elevation range, which is related to their long-term adaptation to the local environment in the structure of their leaf epidermis.
基金supported by grants-in-aid from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 30625004,40771073)the Yunnan Natural Science Foundation(2008CC013)
文摘Buddleja macrostachya （Buddlejaceae） is a widespread shrub native to the Sino-Himalayan mountains and beyond. It has been found to occur at two ploidy levels, hexaploid, 2n=6x=114 and dodecaploid, 2n= 12x=228. To determine if morphological characters might be used as indicators of ploidy levels, we measured floral and fruit length, relative and absolute leaf size, trichome density on both leaf surfaces, and stomatal density and length in different populations orB. macrostachya. In general, flower and fruit length, absolute leaf size, and stomatal length in,eased with an increase at ploidy level （P〈0.01）, whereas adaxial cell and stomatal density decreased with an increase at ploidy level （P〈0.01）. We found no conspicuous differences in relative leaf size （P〉0.05） in different populations. Other characters studied such as trichome type, cuticular membrane and ornamentation of stomata, cell and stomatal shape, and anticlinal wall pattern were quite constant in this species. Thus it appears that flower and fruit length, absolute leaf size, and stomatal frequency and length can be used to distinguish hexaptoid from dodecaploid cytotypes either in the field or in herbarium specimens.
文摘To investigate the taxonomic value of leaf epidermal characters in developing a classification for Ligusticum (Apiaceae), thirty-eight species (including a cultivar) of the genus were examined using both light and scanning electron microscopy. Our results show that the infrageneric classification of Ligusticum based on the characters of involucel bracteoles, mericarps, and pollen grains was not supported as few epidermal characters were relatively constant at section level. Evidence from leaf epidermis, similar to that from molecular and morphological data, supports the separation of Tilingia (i.e. L. ajanense and L. tachiroei) from Ligusticum. Ligusticopsis was found to be indistinguishable from Ligusticum in epidermal characters. Furthermore, results from epidermal analysis, together with that from cytological evidence, fruit morphology as well as molecular phylogenetics suggest that L. delavayi should be transferred out of Ligusticum.
基金Supported by Special Funds for Competitive Allocation Project of Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Strategy(2018A03030)Special Talent Program of Lingnan Normal University(ZL2021010).
文摘[Objectives]To discuss the relationship between left epidermis structures and drought resistance.[Methods]The leaf epidermis of Callisia repens was studied by optical microscope.[Results]The upper and lower epidermal cells of the leaves of Callisia repens arranged closely,and no cell gap was arranged.The morphology of the epidermal cells was hexagonal,few pentagon or heptagon,the equivalent elliptical aspect ratio was 1.20,the vertical wall was straight and there was no stomatal distribution.Compared with the epidermal cells,the morphology of the lower epidermal cells was irregular.The equivalent elliptic aspect ratio was 1.35,and the vertical wall was smooth and curved.The mean oval aspect ratio of the stomatal guard cells was 1.42,the average stomatal density was 11.79/mm 2,and the average stomatal index was 17.21.[Conclusions]These characteristics provide the theoretical basis for the drought resistance of Callisia repens and the ornamental plants as roof greening.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30570338) the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing (No. 6053026) andthe Ministry of Education, China(No. 20040027020).
文摘Particulate pollution is a serious health problem throughout the world, exacerbating a wide range of respiratory and vascular illnesses in urban areas. Urban plants play an important role in reducing particulate pollution. Physicochemical characteristics of ambient particles settling upon leaf surfaces of eleven roadside plants at four sites of Beijing were studies. Results showed that density of particles on the leaf surfaces greatly varied with plant species and traffic condition. Fraxinus chiuensis, Sophora japonica Ailanthus altissima, Syringa oblata and Prunus persica, had larger densities of particles among the tall species. Due to resuspension of road dust, the densities of particles of Euonymus japonicns and Parthenocissus quinquefolia with low sampling height were 2-35 times to other taller tree species. For test plant species, micro-roughness of leaf surfaces and density of particles showed a close correlation. In general, the larger micro-roughness of leaf surfaces is, the larger density of particles is. Particles settling upon leaf surfaces were dominantly PM30 （particulate matter less than 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter; 98.4%） and PM2.5 （particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter; 64.2%） which were closely relative to human health. Constant elements of particles were C, O, K, Ca, Si, Al, Mg, Na, Fe, S, Cl and minerals with higher content were SiO2, CaCO3, CaMg（CO3）2, NaCI and 2CASO4. H2O, SiO2. CaCO3 and CaMg（CO3）2 mainly came from resuspension of road dust. 2CaSO4. H2O was produced by the reaction between CaCO3 derived from earth dust or industrial emission and SO2, H2SO4 or sulfate. NaCl was derived from sea salt.
