ArcCHECK Machine QA工具在医用直线加速器质量保证中的应用效果

目的探讨ArcCHECK Machine QA工具在医用直线加速器质量保证中的应用效果。方法利用ArcCHECK Machine QA工具和ArcCHECK体模对医用直线加速器进行性能测试,项目包括机架角度、机架旋转速度、机架旋转中心、多叶准直器和铅门位置的一致性、机架旋转出束时的平坦度和对称性,评估该工具在医用直线加速器质量保证中的应用效果。结果旋转模式下机架平均旋转速度为3.6 deg/s,最大偏差约0.5 deg/s;机架旋转等中心形成的平均半径为0.4 mm,多叶准直器与铅门的最大距离正、负差异平均值分别为0.7 mm、-0.7 mm;旋转出束模式下Y方向的平坦度为1.8%,Y方向的对称性为1.1%,X方向的对称性为4.3%。结论ArcCHECK Machine QA工具可用于医用直线加速器常规及容积调强出束性能质量保证。

Electrical discharge and arc milling with automatic tracking of optimal flushing direction:A novel high-efficiency compound machining method

The arc milling method has the advantages of high machining efficiency and low cost and is independent of the strength and hardness of machined materials.However,frequent electrode back-offs and the risk of workpiece burning may occur if erosion products are not removed promptly.In this study,it was found that the flushing method of the working medium had a significant impact on the machining performance of arc milling.Based on this,a novel highefficiency compound machining method of electrical discharge and arc milling with automatic tracking of the optimal flushing direction was proposed.An automatic tracking optimizer for external working medium injection was designed to determine the optimal external flushing direction according to the feed direction.The influence of flushing methods,working mediums,and machining parameters on the machining efficiency,tool electrode wear rate,machining error,and surface integrity of titanium alloys were investigated.The results indicated that better machining performance and environmental friendliness were achieved using the compound flushing method of outer compressed air and inner deionized water.Additionally,the automatic tracking flushing method in the opposite direction of the feed direction showed superior results compared to other directions.The material removal rate with the opposite direction injection could be increased up to 1.62 times that of the same direction,and the relative electrode wear rate could be reduced by 14.76%.This novel method has broad application prospects for machining parts with difficult-to-cut materials in aerospace and military industries.

Reduction of Cogging Torque and Electromagnetic Vibration Based on Different Combination of Pole Arc Coefficient for Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine

Cogging torque and electromagnetic vibration are two important factors for evaluating permanent magnet synchronous machine(PMSM)and are key issues that must be considered and resolved in the design and manufacture of high-performance PMSM for electric vehicles.A fast and accurate magnetic field calculation model for interior permanent magnet synchronous machine(IPMSM)is proposed in this article.Based on the traditional magnetic potential permeance method,the stator cogging effect and complex boundary conditions of the IPMSM can be fully considered in this model,so as to realize the rapid calculation of equivalent magnetomotive force(MMF),air gap permeance,and other key electromagnetic properties.In this article,a 6-pole 36-slot IPMSM is taken as an example to establish its equivalent solution model,thereby the cogging torque is accurately calculated.And the validity of this model is verified by a variety of different magnetic pole structures,pole slot combinations machines,and prototype experiments.In addition,the improvement measure of the machine with different combination of pole arc coefficient is also studied based on this model.Cogging torque and electromagnetic vibration can be effectively weakened.Combined with the finite element model and multi-physics coupling model,the electromagnetic characteristics and vibration performance of this machine are comprehensively compared and analyzed.The analysis results have well verified its effectiveness.It can be extended to other structures or types of PMSM and has very important practical value and research significance.

Effects of honing treatment on AIP-TiN and TiAlN coated end-mill for high speed machining

The objective of this work is to compare the tool performance of TiN and TiAlN coated carbides end-mills deposited by an arc ion plating (AIP) method, using honing treatment to polish the cutting edge surface sleekly. The curve of surface roughness versus honing time showed a rapid improvement initially and thereafter became steady, manifesting a saturation effect. The optimal honing time related to surface roughness was determined to be approximately 20 s. As the surface roughness increased, the critical loads reduced. At an average surface roughness (Ra) of 0.028 μm, the highest critical loads of TiN and TiAlN coating layers were 98 and 114 N, respectively. Tool performances of uncoated and coated tools were conducted under high speed machining (HSM) of AISI D2 cold-worked die steel (62 HRC). Consequently, the TiAlN coated end-mill using honing treatment showed excellent tool life under HSM conditions.

Joining and machining of(ZrB2-SiC)and(Cf-SiC)based composites

Filler materials of(ZrB_2-SiC-B_4C-YAG) composite were developed for gas tungsten arc welding(GTAW) of the ZrB_2-SiC and Cf-SiC based composites to themselves and to each other. Reaction with filler material,porosity and cracks were not observed at weld interfaces of all the joints. Penetration of filler material in to voids and pores existing in the Cf-SiC composites was observed. Average shear strength of 25.7 MPa was achieved for joints of Cf-SiC composites. By incorporation of Cf-SiC(CVD) ground short fibre reinforcement the(ZrB_2-SiC-B_4C-YAG) composite was machinable with tungsten carbide tool. The joint and machined composites were resistance to oxidation and thermal shock when exposed to the oxy-propane flame at 2300℃ for 300s. The combination of(ZrB_2-SiC-B_4C-YAG) and Cf-SiC based composites can be used for making parts like thermal protection system or nozzles for high temperature applications.

An automatic arc welding machine for saddle joint seams on large diameter cylinders

This paper deals with the structure, components, characteristics and work principle of a newly developed automatic arc welding machine for saddle joint seams on large diameter cylinders. The equations for designing the geometry and dimensions of the cam controlling the moving locus of the welding torch have been derived. This welding machine has successfully been used in automatic welding saddle joint seams on boiler drums with good results and low cost.

基于电弧声信号的窄间隙脉冲熔化极气体保护焊侧壁熔合状态在线识别

为在焊接过程中实时了解焊缝内部的焊接状况,构建了电弧声信号实时采集系统。在焊枪摆动中心处于不同位置的情况下,进行了电弧声信号特征与侧壁熔合状态的相关性分析。分别从时域与频域中提取了与侧壁熔合状态相关性较强的电弧声特征。为进一步提高熔合状态预测的有效性,采用电弧声特征参量构建了支持向量回归的侧壁熔合状态识别模型。为减小不良特征对识别模型的影响,显著提高模型的识别精度,采用遗传算法进行了参数寻优。参数寻优后模型的总体识别率达93.33%,实现了窄间隙侧壁熔合状态的有效识别。

电源类型对短电弧-电化学复合加工放电凹坑影响研究

放电凹坑大小影响着加工表面形貌的一致性,放电凹坑的凸起高度及凹坑表面的重铸层对加工表面质量有重要影响。文章基于短电弧-电化学复合加工方法,在直流与脉冲两种常用电源类型下对钛合金TC4进行单次放电实验,分析两种电源类型下的短电弧-电化学复合加工单次放电凹坑尺寸及影响规律;结合单次放电凹坑实验所采集到的波形与电弧放电过程仿真模型对电弧放电过程的等离子体放电通道变化进行研究。研究结果发现,直流与脉冲放电凹坑的尺寸与影响规律差异与电弧的断弧方式有关,不同的断弧方式对等离子体放电通道产生影响,直流电弧倾向于通过流体介质运动和极间距离改变进行断弧,而脉冲电弧通过脉冲后沿电压变化和极间距离改变进行熄弧。这两种断弧方式不仅影响了凹坑的尺寸形貌,也影响了断弧后的电化学腐蚀效果。

圆弧抽芯注塑模具优化设计

基于圆弧抽芯注塑模具,根据塑件结构及材料性能特点,对浇口的位置及结构进行了优化设计,通过CAE模拟分析得到位于填充末端、最大壁厚处的塑件最大变形量为0.739 mm,变形量在设计允许范围内。以油缸作为驱动动力源,通过齿条驱动齿轮、内齿轮旋转,实现抽芯动作;将内齿轮设计为异形非标齿轮,减少了所占空间,实现了1模2腔布局。为解决圆弧型芯冷却水路难以加工的问题,设计的加工工序为先按照直型芯进行粗加工,钻孔加工型芯冷却水路,然后,将型芯加热弯曲为所需形状,并进行调质处理,最后对型芯进行精加工使其满足设计要求,达到了随形冷却效果。传动机构关键参数采用理论计算与CAE模拟分析相结合的法验证,测试结果表明,计算校核效率提高了约4倍。

基于自适应特征频段的光伏故障电弧检测装置

针对直流故障电弧由于其强烈的随机性而难以检测的问题,提出了一种光伏系统直流电弧检测算法。首先用快速傅里叶变换(FFT)提取信号的频域特征,然后采用幅度熵自适应的方法选取特征频段。但特征频段的频谱分辨率较低,频率泄露严重,因此采用CZT来提高特征频段的频谱分辨率,最后利用极限学习机(ELM)神经网络进行故障电弧识别。并且基于该算法,此处设计了一种基于STM32嵌入式平台的光伏系统直流电弧检测装置,该装置不仅能够在实验室场景下实现故障电弧的检测,还能够在具体的光伏现场中实现高精准度的识别,具有重要的现实意义。

等速节沟道磨削用椭球砂轮设计及优化

为提高等速万向节中星形套椭圆形弧沟道的加工精度,在分析了万向节沟道结构的基础上,提出了一种椭球砂轮磨削星形套沟道的方案,针对此方案,对砂轮尺寸进行了设计计算,初步得到了椭球砂轮的基本尺寸;根据砂轮的实际磨削状态,对砂轮形状进行了结构优化,为验证优化后砂轮形状的正确性,利用UG和VERICUT软件分别对球笼沟道磨床磨削沟道的加工过程和用新型椭球砂轮磨削沟道过程进行了模拟仿真,对比仿真结果,后者误差有所减小,从理论上验证了方案的可行性。

大马鞍形空间曲面自动堆焊技术研究及应用

本文主要研究大马鞍形接管的马鞍面堆焊方法,开展常规堆焊方法的对比分析,利用公司现有设备、装置,将马鞍形焊机、变位机、二氧化碳气体保护焊机等设备进行组合,实现马鞍形接管空间曲面自动气保堆焊,解决了生产中的实际问题,该套装置自动化程度高、堆焊成型良好,在锅炉、石化、核电等普遍存在马鞍面堆焊需求的行业中具有很高的实用价值。

短电弧磨削蜂窝环热源公式研究及温度场仿真

为预测不同电压下常规短电弧磨削蜂窝环加工深度的影响,对短电弧磨削蜂窝环温度场仿真热源公式进行了研究。针对热源系数与电压的关系,通过ANSYS软件研究得出的热源公式,并对短电弧磨削蜂窝环温度场仿真。研究了适用于不同电压下短电弧常规磨削蜂窝环的热源公式,通过温度场仿真结果,分析了不同电压磨削蜂窝环的温度分布及变化趋势。结果发现:得出的热源公式适用于不同电压下短电弧磨削蜂窝环加工的温度场;仿真温度云图的变化规律以及分布情况符合短电弧磨削加工的实际情况,仿真结果误差在5.9%以内,吻合度较好,为预测加工深度提供了理论依据。

Ti-6Al-4V钛合金超声振动辅助短电弧复合加工实验研究

针对普通短电弧加工排屑不畅引起的电极和工件之间形成颗粒桥造成短路、局部放电和二次放电等非正常放电现象,提出一种超声振动辅助短电弧加工的新方法来改善工件加工质量。通过实验对普通短电弧和复合加工后工件宏观特征和微观形貌进行对比。采用超景深显微镜、电子扫描显微镜等对加工后的表面形貌、粗糙度和元素能谱进行检测分析。结果表明:两种特种加工技术耦合后的工件表面形貌发生了变化,其表面纹路在超声作用下呈现无序化、均匀化,电蚀凹坑和表面微裂纹数量显著减少,重铸层厚度深铣削加工下从93.06μm降低至25.39μm,表面粗糙度降低16%以上,同时材料表面元素发生了改性。这为短电弧技术改善加工质量、材料改性、技术耦合的发展提供了一种新的思路。

不同空气流量下纯钨电极短电弧脉冲放电过程研究

为进一步探索空气中短电弧加工(short electric arc machining, SEAM)放电过程,揭示短电弧放电加工中凹坑形成和材料去除机制,以空气作为介质,探究0 L/min和20 L/min空气流量对电弧-熔池和材料去除过程的影响,并进行对比试验研究。结果表明,脉冲持续时间内,电弧经历快速膨胀、变形膨胀、稳定和熄灭4个阶段。在电弧膨胀阶段,材料以蚀除颗粒去除为主;在电弧稳定阶段,材料以熔融物与蚀除颗粒去除为主;在放电后续熄灭阶段,材料以熔融物去除为主。此外,连续脉冲放电中容易产生爆炸力,进一步增加金属材料去除量。提高空气流量可增大去除颗粒体积和抑制裂纹产生。

Inconel625合金和TC11合金的短电弧加工特性分析

利用短电弧加工系统对Inconel625合金和TC11合金在不同电加工参数下加工,研究了电参数的变化和电加工高温对该材料的加工性能、金相组织及硬度变化的影响。结果表明:该加工技术对两种难加工材料均具有较明显的去除率,高电压加工去除率更高,但加工表面较粗糙,而低电压加工会获得较好的表面质量。受电加工热能影响,材料金相组织均发生转变,晶粒细化明显,Inconel625合金形成318.6μm厚的热影响层,其硬度提升16.9%;TC11合金形成175.2μm厚的热影响层,其硬度提升32.8%,两种材料的性能变化均能满足后续的精加工要求。

基于电参数的GH4099短电弧铣削加工工艺研究

短电弧铣削加工作为一种新的放电加工技术,本质上是一种热加工,其对镍基高温合金的加工具有很大优势。为探究短电弧铣削加工GH4099最优电参数工艺组合,创造性建立了GH4099短电弧铣削加工放电凹坑数值模拟模型,研究了电压、频率和占空比对放电凹坑形貌的影响规律,得出GH4099加工的最优电参数:30 V、1 kHz、60%,并通过设计实验,验证该参数加工下的工件材料去除率以及表面质量。这不仅可以实现GH4099材料的高效加工,而且能促进短电弧热加工理论的完善。

基于曲面响应法的短电弧磨削蜂窝环工艺研究

蜂窝密封结构是当代航空发动机的先进高效密封结构,传统加工难以满足加工质量的要求,需要采用短电弧加工技术加工此类零部件。为获得最优的加工参数,以重铸层厚度和微观形貌为指标,分析电流及电压波形、表面能谱、工件表面和截面形貌,并进行响应曲面分析。结果表明:对重铸层厚度和加工时间影响的显著性为:进给速度>工件转速>电极转速,重铸层厚度随进给速度增加而增加,随工件和电极转速增加而减小,且表面质量有相同的趋势。多目标优化获得最佳参数为:工件转速5.863 r/min,电极转速287.114 r/min,进给速度0.087 mm/min。因此,适当降低进给速度,提高工件和电极转速,可减少微裂纹、冲蚀凹坑和熔滴颗粒等现象,提高工件表面质量,降低重铸层厚度。

基于机器视觉滑轨截面圆弧尺寸的测量方法

为解决汽车座椅滑轨截面圆弧尺寸人工检测效率低、一致性差的问题,文章提出了一种基于卡尺边缘检测与Tukey算法相结合的测量方法,实现滑轨截面圆弧尺寸高效率、高精度的检测。首先对采集到的图像做双边滤波处理,去除图像中的噪声,再通过HALCON算法库中的Emphasize算子对图像做处理,突出图像边缘信息;然后通过卡尺边缘检测算法提取圆弧边缘点;最后结合加权Tukey的最小二乘法分离出异常点并完成圆的拟合。实验结果表明,该方法可实现滑轨截面圆弧尺寸的快速检测,测量系统稳定性好、可靠性高,测量误差均在0.08 mm之内,重复测量精度可达0.02 mm。

基于SSA-SVM的航空电弧故障检测

针对航空线路系统电弧故障隐蔽性高和难以检测的问题,提出一种基于麻雀搜索算法优化支持向量机(sparrow search algorithm optimization support vector machine,SSA-SVM)的航空电弧故障检测方法。首先采用小波分解对电弧故障电流数据进行分解,小波分解能有效克服经验模态分解时存在的模态混叠问题。再从信号无序度的角度对电流分量提取能量熵、模糊熵与近似熵,并构造特征向量。然后,使用麻雀搜索算法对支持向量机的权值进行优化,得到最优的权值,最后用训练好的支持向量机对测试样本进行分类。为了验证所提方法的有效性,搭建电弧实验平台,模拟航空线路系统电弧故障的产生,分别采集交流串联正常和电弧故障电流数据,应用所提出的SSA-SVM算法进行电弧故障检测,结果表明,所提方法能较好地识别出电弧故障,检测准确率达到99.5%,相比于粒子群算法或遗传算法优化的支持向量机,对电弧故障的检测准确率分别高出2.5%和2%。