Prevention and Control Measures of Environmental Pollution Problem Caused by Dairy Farming in Inner Mongolia

Environmental pollution problem generated in dairy farming process is the bottleneck restricting development of animal husbandry. By using the investigation data from dairy farmers of Inner Mongolia,environmental pollution problem generated by dairy farming in Inner Mongolia and its cause were analyzed,and prevention and control measures were put forward. The research result showed that weak technology support of environmental treatment and environmental-protection awareness of dairy farmer and bad application effect of pollution control technology caused by lower education degree of dairy farmer were main reasons for environmental pollution problem. We should develop dairy circular economy,advocate a moderate scale,scientifically breed,and enhance training of pollution control technology and propaganda to protect environment.

Research on Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution in Building Construction

The quality of human life has been greatly improved with the rapid development of the market economy.However,at the same time,people are paying more attention to the problems caused by environmental pollution.As a result,there is an increase in environmental awareness.At the present stage,people are concerned about the negative impact that building construction has on the environment.Building construction enterprises must have preventive measures and deal with environmental pollution during construction.This is to minimize pollution caused by construction and to satisfy the implementation of green civilization construction.This is important as it can enhance the development of socialist spiritual civilization and thus promote the expansion of enterprises in the long run.The author explores and analyzes the main types of environmental pollution generated in building construction.Besides,the author provides effective measures for the prevention and control of environmental pollution caused by building construction to reduce its adverse impact on the environment.

Prevention and Control of Rural Environmental Pollution Based on Rural Revitalization Strategy

In 2018,the rural revitalization strategy proposed by the No. 1 Document of the central government. Based on the current situation of rural environmental pollution in China,this paper explored the relationship between rural revitalization strategy and prevention and control of rural environmental pollution. On this basis,it analyzed the causes of serious rural environmental pollution in China,Finally,it came up with recommendations including establishing a sound rural environmental governance system,making diversified capital investment for nurturing " green farmers".

Pollution Status of Dioxins Persistent Organic Pollutants in Guangxi and Control Countermeasures

Production and pollution control situations of dioxins persistent organic pollutants in Guangxi were introduced.Pollution status of dioxins persistent organic pollutants in Guangxi was understood,and the existing problems in pollution control were analyzed,and finally pollution control countermeasures and suggestions were proposed.

Legislative Countermeasures for Preventing and Controlling Water Pollution in Water-deficient Regions

The shortage of water resources is severe in Beijing. The shortage of eco-environmental water and the sewage discharge over the environmental capacity are main bottlenecks that restrict the improvement of water environment. The reuse of wastewater could not only reduce the discharge of pollutants,but it could also increase the consumption of eco-environmental water. Therefore the reuse of wastewater is an important approach to improve the water environmental quality. Combined with the formulation process of Regulations of Beijing on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution,the current situations of prevention and control of water pollution in Beijing,the discharge of pollutant,water environmental quality,the population and economic development and water resources and so on were analyzed. And the bottlenecks that restricted the improvement of water environmental quality were found. And the necessity of solving the control of water pollution by reusing the wastewater and ensuring the consumption of eco-environmental water was analyzed from the perspective of the control of water pollution. And some legislative countermeasures were put forward,which provided new ideas for solving the problem of the prevention and control of water pollution and improving the water environmental quality. It was of important reference values for local governments（ especially water-deficient regions） to make relative polices or plans of water pollution control and water environmental protection.

The Occurrence and Prevention of Filamentous Algae in Ecological Purification System of Micro-polluted Water

[ Objective ] The aim was to study the influence of filamentous algae on the process of water ecological purification. [ Method ] The occurrence mechanism of filamentous algae and its ecological system were summarized and analyzed. Considering the ecological purification in north- ern Jiangsu, the occurrence and prevention of filamentous algae in water, the method to prevent filamentous algae in polluted water was discussed. [ Result] The results showed that by measures of improving planting density, regular harvesting, and water flow state control before the filamentous algae blooming period, together with improving local pH value, light interference and ecological control during the blooming period, can effectively control the filamentous algae blooming. [ Condusion] The study of the happening mechanism of filamentous algae provided theoretical references and the technical basis in the work of filamentous algae prevention and control.

WATER POLLUTION IN CHINA:CURRENT STATUS, FUTURE TRENDS AND COUNTERMEASURES

Based on the statistical data related to water pollution in recent years, this paper firstly describes in detail the current status of water pollution and water quality in rivers, lakes, reservoirs, groundwater and coastal waters in China, then makes a comprehensive analysis on future trends of water pollution in China. The authors hold that the economic power, technology level and management level have determinative influences on the current status and future trends of water pollution. At last, this paper discusses briefly the policies and measures for preventing and controlling water pollution in the light of the national conditions.

Sludge Pollution Control from Crude Oil Tank Cleaning

This study investigated the use of microbial analysis as a bioremediation option for remediating petroleum sludge, which is part of the waste stream generated in the petroleum industry. The aim is to reduce environmental burden caused by the discharge of untreated sludge. Sludge sample was cultured in other to isolate microorganisms for the sludge treatment. The selected strain of the organisms after screening were Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Verticillus sp, Penicillum sp, and Microsporium audouinii. Bioreactors (labeled A, B, C, D and O) were designed for the treatment of petroleum sludge. These reactors contain 2.0 × 10-2 m3 of the diluted sludge samples and the isolated organisms for the treatment process. On a weekly basis, the control reactors received 1.5 × 10-3 m3 of fresh and saline water respectively. After 12 weeks of treatment, sludge physicochemical characteristics showed distinct variations. From the result, reactor D was the best in terms of remediating the sludge as compared to other reactors. Friedman non-parametric test was performed to check if the weeks of treatment affected the reduction of the total hydrocarbon content (THC) in the five reactors and also checked for significant differences in the THC after treatments. The drop in the THC of the treated sludge ranged from 56.0% to 67.3%. These results showed the possibility of enhanced biodegradation of petroleum sludge by hydrocarbon utilizing microorganisms (fungi).

Effect of Kelp Residue Microbial Fertilizer on Eco-Control Peanut Pathogenic Fungus Aspergillus Parasiticus 1

Ecological prevention and control of plant disease is very important in sustainable agriculture.Adjusting soil p H value and fertilizing organic microbial fertilizer are two effective measures in this process.Kelp residue contains a large amount of organic compounds and alkaline metal ions.The bio-control Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain Hitwh-BA2 was inoculated into kelp residue medium to produce kelp residue microbial fertilizer.Acidic soil and alkaline soil were used to study the effect of kelp residue microbial fertilizer on soil p H and soil suppressive activity.Tip-culture method was used to determine soil leachate suppressive activity,which characterized the soil suppressive activity.Results showed that fertilizing kelp residue microbial fertilizer had increased the soil p H and soil suppressive ability significantly,which was verified by peanut validation experiments as well.Peanut potting experiments proved that fertilizing kelp residue microbial fertilizer not only improved the yield of peanuts obviously,but also reduced the amount of Aspergillus parasiticus 95 in peanut geocarposphere soil significantly.Results also showed that fertilizing kelp residue microbial fertilizer was effective in reducing A.parasiticus 95 infection rate.So the kelp residue microbial fertilizer has good potential application prospect on ecological prevention and control of plant disease.

Research Progress on the Relationship between Air Pollution and Socio-economic Growth in China

Air pollution is a hot issue studied by scholars all over the world.Academic circles generally believe that socio-economic factors such as extensive economic growth,unbalanced proportion of industrial structure and unreasonable energy consumption structure are the main"culprits"of serious air pollution in China.Therefore,the relationship between air pollution and socio-economic growth has very important theoretical and practical significance for air pollution prevention and control and promoting the sustainable and healthy development of cities.Through literature research and summary methods,this paper studies the severity and harmfulness of air pollution in China,and deeply studies the research progress of socio-economic influencing factors of air pollution,environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis of air pollution,decoupling relationship between air pollution and socio-economic growth,so as to provide useful reference for the prevention and control of air pollution.

中国大气污染防治政策与空气污染治理——基于城市级面板数据的实证研究

2013年颁布实施的《大气污染防治行动计划》是我国首个针对环境突出问题开展综合治理的行动计划;为巩固治理效果,应对动态变化的环境问题,2018年国务院进一步发布了《打赢蓝天保卫战三年行动计划》。研究利用中国258个城市2013年1月至2020年9月日度空气污染数据,实证检验了上述两阶段政策对空气质量的影响,并从不同污染物治理效果、时间和区域异质性等角度分析了政策效应的差异。结果指出:第一,“大气十条”和“蓝天保卫战”均显著降低了AQI、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_(2)、NO_(2)、CO;第二,相比“大气十条”,“蓝天保卫战”对NO_(2)的减排效应更高,且实现对O_(3)的协同治理;第三,“大气十条”和“蓝天保卫战”对各污染物的减排效应因供暖时期、地区能源资源禀赋呈现出较强的异质性特征。

河套灌区农业高效节水与面源污染防控技术

针对河套灌区水资源短缺、农业面源污染严重等问题,从不同空间尺度和治理环节入手开展灌区农业高效节水与面源污染源头防控技术研究。研发了针对污染源头的农田水肥盐药调控管理技术模式(包括除草剂残留研究与用量推荐、土壤水氮盐和作物生长对水肥管理的响应、减量膜上秋浇技术及次生盐渍化土壤微生物改良技术)、针对农田排水的富氧生态沟渠截污净化技术模式和区域尺度的面源污染空间解析识别技术,并集成构建了贯穿源头控污—过程削污—区域查污—系统调污的高效节水型农业面源污染防控技术体系。基于现状研究和新发展理念提出了河套灌区水土资源领域研究的几点认识,相关成果为河套灌区高质量发展提供了重要支撑,对同类型灌区具有重要借鉴意义。

邻里噪声污染防治立法现状及江苏省立法建议

社会生活噪声污染来源多、成因复杂、影响范围广,对公众健康危害大。产生社会生活噪声污染纠纷时,其法律主体复杂,涉及部门多,受影响群众覆盖范围广,是社会各界较为关注的噪声类型之一。邻里噪声是社会生活噪声的重要组成部分。介绍了法国、德国、美国等国家邻里噪声的立法现状,我国国家层面有关邻里噪声的法律规定,以及地方邻里噪声的立法实践;系统分析了江苏省邻里噪声扰民的主要类型、特点和污染防治的现状;针对性地提出了邻里噪声污染防治的立法建议,可为江苏省噪声污染防治立法提供参考。

“双碳”背景下中国海上石油污染防治法律制度的体系化构建

实现碳达峰碳中和已成为中国经济发展和社会转型的重要目标,同时对生态环境法治建设中法律目标确定与法律制度建设提出了新要求。海洋作为地球系统中最大的碳库,在提升生态系统碳汇能力方面扮演着重要的角色。随着海上石油开发利用活动的日益增加,海上勘探、开采、运输及相关作业性活动造成的污染事件频发,推进海洋生态环境污染治理的法治化已成为全球生态环境保护的必然选择。海上石油污染防治法律制度具备一般污染防治法律制度的特征与表现形式,但因其法律关系主体的复杂性、规范内容的不确定性、制度适用的局限性而具有自身的特殊性。海洋环境污染的治理具有天然的国际性,而多极化的时代背景使得全球海洋污染治理更具挑战性。各国的海上石油污染治理体系虽然不同,但通过比较研究发现,其法律制度的构建多依托并服务于国家战略,强调价值理念的引导作用,以及在明确法律责任的基础上侧重构建跨界治理法律实施体系。中国海上石油污染防治的法治建设因法律规范水平与海洋治理需求之间存在明显张力,目前面临着技术性、衔接性、功能性等多重困境。这就亟须理顺多要素法律规范层级制度构建的生成思路,从内容框定、制度衔接、救济保障三个层面系统构建中国海上石油污染防治法律制度体系,包括推进国家责任基础上硬法与软法统筹的法律体系建设,建立跨界合作视域下的海上石油污染风险防范与监管制度,构建以整体性治理为导向的法律救济制度,以期实现对全球海洋污染治理格局变化的积极回应与全球海洋污染治理共识的有效聚合。

贵州裸露型岩溶地下河系统污染防治技术——以遵义坪桥地下河系统污染防治工程为例

裸露型岩溶区岩溶强发育、水文地质条件复杂,受污染的地下河系统通道隐蔽性强、污染防治难度大。本文以坪桥地下河系统污染防治工程为例,在近污染源的主径流通道实施“地下水防渗帷幕+污水抽排”工程措施实现近源截排。施工面临岩溶破碎地层易掉块卡埋钻、钻效低及岩溶强发育段浆液扩散距离远等难题。通过配备适宜的钻进工艺,采取纯压式灌浆、水泥砂浆灌填溶洞、低压限量及速凝浆液灌注等灌浆控制措施,保证了工程进度质量,实现了源头治理污染地下水的目的。“近源截排”对类似水文地质条件下地下水污染防治提供可借鉴的地学治理模式。

土壤污染防治规定的法典表达

环境法典编纂对于土壤污染防治规定的安排必须处理好预防与治理、污染防治与土地利用之间的关系。本语境下预防的对象是污染后果而非健康损害。污染源控制分则编应以预防为主,土壤污染防治分则编的定位是以治理为重心。《土壤污染防治法》关于治理责任的构成要件、多类或多个责任主体间责任承担关系的规定缺失,土壤污染防治分则编应从终局责任和中间责任、连带责任和按份责任角度填补这一结构性疏漏。为避免交叉重复,环境法典应根据预防性措施的规定内容综合考虑其在土壤污染防治分则编和污染源控制分则编的位置安排。环境法典应在国土空间规划、建设用地土地使用权变动、污染治理后土地的再利用三方面建立土壤污染防治与土地利用的衔接。

微塑料污染的成因､危害及其防治技术分析

微塑料污染已逐渐成为环境保护的热点问题之一。阐述了微塑料的污染现状,分析其可能的形成原因,剖析其对环境的影响,并解析微塑料对水环境､土壤环境和大气环境的影响以及对生物的危害,着重从物理法､化学法､生物法和其他新方法等方面介绍了微塑料的有效去除技术。目前对微塑料降解的研究大多集中在早期阶段,未来研究应进一步确定影响微塑料降解的关键参数和性能,促进微塑料污染去除技术的发展。

日本暗夜星空保护制度的建设及其对我国的启示

暗夜星空保护制度是一项保护美丽星空环境、防治光污染的新兴法律制度。从20世纪80年代以来,日本逐步确立了暗夜星空保护制度,并通过出台政策文件明确了星空保护区设定、照明器具限制使用、费用补偿、行政调查措施等核心规则,有力地提升了暗夜星空保护力度。就我国而言,可以借鉴域外法治经验,依循从地方到中央的立法思路,由星空资源富集区进行先行立法,基于分类管理理念确立暗夜星空保护区设定规则,基于规范与惩治相结合原则完善暗夜星空管理制度。

生态环境分区管控减污降碳协同增效技术路径及实证研究——以湘潭市为例

将减污降碳协同管控纳入生态环境分区管控体系是生态环境部门落实碳达峰碳中和目标的重要举措之一。立足落实“双碳”目标,在生态环境分区管控中考虑温室气体与环境污染物排放协同管控的关键环节,研究提出将减污降碳协同管控纳入生态环境分区管控体系的理论框架,以及“源强协同—目标协同—分区协同—措施协同”的减污降碳协同管控技术路径,并在湖南省湘潭市进行实证研究,为生态环境分区管控实现减污降碳协同治理提供技术支撑。

我国牛源金黄色葡萄球菌耐药情况及防控研究进展

金黄色葡萄球菌是导致奶牛乳腺炎的常见病因之一,而使用抗生素是预防和治疗其感染的唯一有效方法。但是,在长期面对抗生素的选择压力下,金黄色葡萄球菌对多种药物产生了耐药性,也使动物成为耐药基因的储存库,对食品安全和人类健康构成威胁。通过分析国内牛源金黄色葡萄球菌相关研究发现:我国牛源金黄色葡萄球菌耐药率不断提高,多重耐药程度不断加重,尤其北方高纬度地区面临更为严峻的耐药形势;我国牛源金黄色葡萄球菌具有丰富的分子流行特征,其中ST9、ST97、ST398为优势分型且分布广泛,MRSA SCCmecⅫ、SCCmecⅢ和SCCmecⅣ3种分型近年来呈现扩散分布趋势;为解决金黄色葡萄球菌耐药问题,国内正在研究中药制剂、噬菌体、益生菌、抗菌肽等4种抗生素代替方法,这些制剂具有较好的开发前景。本文综述了我国牛源金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药情况以及防控技术研究进展,可为牛源金黄色葡萄球菌耐药防治提供参考。