Numerical study of converting beat-note signals of dual-frequency lasers to optical frequency combs by optical injection locking of semiconductor lasers

The optical injection locking of semiconductor lasers to dual-frequency lasers is studied by numerical simulations.The beat-note signals can be effectively transformed to optical frequency combs due to the effective four wave-mixing in the active semiconductor gain medium. The low-noise Gaussian-like pulse can be obtained by locking the relaxation oscillation and compensating the gain asymmetry. The simulations suggest that pulse trains of width below 30 ps and repetition rate in GHz frequency can be generated simply by the optical injection locking of semiconductor lasers. Since the optical injection locking can broaden the spectrum and amplify the optical power simultaneously, it can be a good initial stage for generating optical frequency combs from dual-frequency lasers by multi-stage of spectral broadening in nonlinear waveguides.

Optical feedback characteristics in a dual-frequency laser during laser cavity tuning

The optical feedback characteristics in a Zeeman-birefringence dual-frequency laser are studied during the laser cavity tuning in three different kinds of optical feedback conditions： （i） only //-light is fed back; （ii） only ⊥-light is fed back; （iii） both lights are fed back. A compact displacement sensor is designed using the experimental result that there is a nearly 90 degrees phase delay between the two lights＇ cosine optical feedback signals when both lights are fed back into the laser cavity. The priority order that the two lights＇ intensity curves appear can be used for direction discrimination. The resolution of the displacement sensor is at least 79 rim, and the sensor can discriminate the target＇s moving direction easily.

Measuring Method of Radius of Curvature Based on Dual-Frequency Laser Interferometer

In order to achieve high-accuracy measurement of radius of curvature of optical sphere, ultra-high accuracy radius of curvature testing device is developed by dual-frequency laser interferometer and Fizeau interferometer based on cat’s eye and confocal method. Through analyzing the error source models of radius of curvature testing, optical configuration of the testing device has been optimized. Precise environment control and real-time monitoring system is also established to reduce the errors caused by environment. Through the above processes, the radius of curvature measurement relative accuracy is better than 2 ppm. One optical sphere, R88.5 mm, test aperture 59 mm, has been tested. Testing result is 88499.465 ± 0.176 μm, meeting the design requirement. The method has high accuracy and practical advantages.

External-cavity birefringence feedback effects of microchip Nd:YAG laser and its application in angle measurement

External-cavity birefringence feedback effects of the microchip Nd：YAG laser are presented. When a birefringence element is placed in the external feedback cavity of the laser, two orthogonally polarized laser beams with a phase difference are output. The phase difference is twice as large as the phase retardation in the external cavity along the two orthogonal directions. The variable extra-cavity birefringence, caused by rotation of the external-cavity birefringenee element, results in tunable phase difference between the two orthogonally polarized beams. This means that the roll angle information has been translated to phase difference of two output laser beams. A theoretical analysis based on the Fabry-Perot cavity equivalent model and refractive index ellipsoid is presented, which is in good agreement with the experimental results. This phenomenon has potential applications for roll angle measurement.

Efficient Passively Q-Switched Nd:YAG/Cr4+:YAG/LBO Microchip Laser

Performance of an LD-end-pumped passively Q-switched Nd： YA G/Cr4＋ ： YA G microchip laser operating at 1123 nm is studied. A maximum average output power of 517row with an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 12.6% and a slope efficiency of 25.8% is obtained under a pump power of 4.1 W. A minimum pulse width of 1.1 ns with a pulse repetition rate of 20.2kHz is obtained, and the corresponding pulse energy and peak power are 25.6μJ and 23.3kW, respectively. To our knowledge, the 23.3kW peak power is the highest among 1123nm lasers. Additionally, based on the 1123 nm laser, with LBO as the frequency doubler, a 288-mW green-yellow laser at 561 nm is successfully achieved.

Polarization switching in a quasi-isotropic microchip Nd:YAG laser induced by optical feedback

This paper demonstrates the influence of external optical feedback on the polarization state of longitudinal modes in quasi-isotropic microchip Nd：YAG lasers. Under optical feedback, the polarization state of longitudinal modes in quasi-isotropic lasers relies strongly on the intracavity anisotropy loss and mode competition. When the intracavity anisotropy loss is small, external optical feedback can cause polarization switching and strong mode competition between two orthogonal linearly polarized eigenstates of one laser longitudinal mode, which leads to the distortion of laser intensity modulation waveform. The polarization switching is independent of the initial external cavity length. By increasing the intracavity anisotropy loss, one polarization eigenstate can be suppressed and the laser works in single-polarization state. A theoretical analysis based on the compound cavity model is presented, which is in good agreement with the experimental results. The results offer guidance to the development of laser feedback interferometers.

Highly Er^(3+)/Yb^(3+) Co-Doped Fluoroaluminate Glasses for Microchip Laser at 1.54 μm

A series of highly Er^(3+)/Yb^(3+) co-doped fluoroaluminate glasses were investigated in order to develop a microchip laser at 1.54 μm under 980 nm excitation. Measurements of absorption, emission and up-conversion spectra were performed to examine the effect of concentration quenching on spectroscopic properties. In the glasses with Er^(3+) concentrations below 10% (mol fraction), concentration quenching is low and the Er^(3+)/Yb^(3+) co-doped fluoroaluminate glasses gave stronger fluorescence of 1.54 μm from the (()~4I_(13/2))→(()~4I_(15/2)) transition than those of Er^(3+) singly-doped glasses. In the glass with Er^(3+) concentrations above 10%, concentration quenching of 1.54 μm obviously occurs more than that of the Er^(3+) singly-doped samples because of the back energy-transfer from Er^(3+) to Yb^(3+). To obtain the highest emission efficiency at 1.54 μm, the optimum doping-concentration ratio of Er^(3+)/Yb^(3+) is found to be approximately 1∶1 in mol fraction when the Er^(3+) concentration is less than 10%.

Diode-Pumped Passive Q-Switched 946 nm Nd：YAG Laser with a GaAs Saturable Absorber

We report, for the first time to our knowledge, a diode-pumped passive Q-switched 946nm Nd：YAG laser by using a GaAs as saturable absorber. The maximum average output power is 1.24 W at an incident pump power of 15 W, corresponding to a slope efficiency of 10%. Laser pulses with pulse duration of 70ns and repetition rate of 330 kHz are generated.

Timing Jitter and Pulse Width Reduction in a Hybrid Q-Switched Cr,Nd：YAG Laser

We present a detailed study of a combined actively and passively Q-switched （CAPQ） laser with an acousto-optic modulator （AOM） and a codoped Cr^4＋, Nd^3＋ ：YAG crystal The hybrid Q-switch approach is used to produce a short laser pulse with stable and tunable repetition rates. The timing jitter, average pulse width, and average pulse amplitude vary periodically with the AOM modulation frequency under a fixed pump power. The repetition rate of the CAPQ laser can be turned approximately from 4 kHz to 16 kHz with the jitter less than 400 ns.

Uncovering gold nanoparticle synthesis using a microchip laser system through pulsed laser ablation in aqueous solution

The synthesis of gold nanoparticles(Au NPs)was carried out by utilising the pulsed laser ablation in liquids(PLAL)method with a microchip laser(MCL)system.This portable system features low power consumption and a giant-pulse laser.Aqueous solutions with and without the surfactant poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)(PVP)were used for laser ablation of a bulk gold rod to achieve the successful formation of a colloidal solution of Au NPs.The gas bubbles formed by heating the aqueous medium around the surface of the gold target significantly reduced the efficiency of Au NP ablation.This effect was more pronounced and prolonged in high-viscosity solutions,hindering energy transfer from subsequent laser pulses to the target.Additionally,it was suggested that the chain length of PVP does not affect either the size of the Au NPs or the ablation efficiency.Videography experiments were conducted to explore the ablation mechanism employed by the MCL system.The relatively short pulse duration of the MCL system may contribute to the formation of NPs with consistent size,which were suppressed to grow in significantly smaller cavitation bubbles with short lifetimes.

小型化微片阵列式被动调Q全固态激光器

本文针对无人机空中目标探测系统的空间限制,提出了一种多光束可分路扫描式被动调Q微片阵列全固态激光器的方案,采用六管芯半导体激光器阵列端面紧凑泵浦长条状的Nd:YAG/Cr^(4+):YAG键合晶体,在每一路1.6 W的泵浦功率下,产生了6路波长为1064.4 nm、脉冲宽度为2.4 ns、光束质量为1.39、峰值功率为3.75 kW、重复频率可达22 kHz的输出激光,整个系统的体积仅为2 cm×2 cm×1.5 cm,实现了6路激光同时输出。研究了调Q晶体的初始透过率和输出镜反射率对激光脉冲重复频率和峰值功率的影响机制,重点对泵浦源激光器管芯的出光一致性问题做了深入探讨,通过实验验证了使用一个激光键合晶体产生多路纳秒级窄脉冲激光束的可行性。研究结果以小型化结构实现了被动调Q全固态激光器的多光束出射,对实现激光探测系统光源的小型化和集成化有借鉴意义。

Frequency-modulated continuous-wave dual-frequency LIDAR based on a monolithic integrated two-section DFB laser

We demonstrate a high-resolution frequency-modulated continuous-wave dual-frequency LIDAR system based on a monolithic integrated two-section(TS) distributed feedback(DFB) laser. In order to achieve phase locking of the two lasers in the TS-DFB laser, the sideband optical injection locking technique is employed. A high-quality linear frequency-modulated signal is achieved from the TS-DFB laser. Utilizing the proposed LIDAR system, the distance and velocity of a target can be measured accurately. The maximum relative errors of distance and velocity measurement are 1.6% and 3.18%, respectively.

高重频火花放电增强激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)结合机器学习对铝合金中镁元素的定量分析

铝合金中的镁元素会影响铝合金的性能,因此亟需一种快速、高准确度定量分析铝合金中镁元素含量的方法。采用基于微芯片激光器的高重频火花放电辅助激光诱导击穿光谱技术(HRR SD-LIBS)对铝合金中镁元素进行定量分析。采用移动中位数法对采集的光谱数据进行基线校正以获取净光谱数据,分别建立单变量定标模型和反向传播神经网络(BP)、支持向量机(SVM)和随机森林(RF)等多变量定标模型。结果表明,HRR SD-LIBS技术结合机器学习算法可建立更稳健的多变量定标模型。与常规单变量定标法相比,BP、SVM和RF模型的预测集相关系数(R_(P)^(2))从0.810升高到0.985、0.997和0.994,均方根误差(RMSEP)从0.283下降到0.059 8、0.041 0和0.054 2,平均相对误差从26.62%下降到3.13%、2.82%和3.61%。因此采用基于机器学习的多变量定标法能够显著提升LIBS定量分析准确度。基于小型化的微芯片激光器的HRR SD-LIBS技术结合机器学习算法能够实现对合金样品和其他材料的便携、快速、准确的定量元素分析。

Optical Fiber Lasers and All Solid-State Passively Modulated Microchip Lasers

Erbium fiber lasers of continuous mode outputs and of pulsed picosecond and sub-picosecond pulses train are reported. Compact all solid state passively modulated microchip lasers are also developed to the same degree.

Compact Dual-Frequency Fiber Laser Accelerometer With Sub-μg Resolution

We demonstrate a compact and high-resolution dual-polarization fiber laser accelerometer. A spring-mass like scheme is constructed by fixing a 10-gram proof mass on the laser cavity to transduce applied vibration into beat-frequency change. The loading is located at the intensity maximum of intracavity light to maximize the optical response. The detection limit reaches 107 ng/Hz1/2 at 200 Hz. The working bandwidth ranges from 60 Hz to 600 Hz.

Cavity tuning characteristics of orthogonally polarized dual-frequency He-Ne laser at 1.15 μm

The cavity tuning characteristics of orthogonally polarized dual-frequency HeiNe laser at 1.15 μm are presented. Vectorial-extension model based on semi-classical laser theory reveals that cavity tuning characteristics are related to beat frequency, relative excitation, and type of Ne isotope. Distortions of cavity tuning curves become moderate with the increase of beat frequency because of the weakening of the cross- saturation effect. Distortions are enhanced with the increase of relative excitation because of the combined action of the self-saturation and cross-saturation effects. By adopting dual-isotope Ne instead of monoisotoplie Ne, distortions are reduced because of the misalignment between peaks of the self-saturation and net gain coefficients. The theoretical calculations are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental results.

微片激光器的最新研究进展

微片激光器由于其结构简单紧凑、相干长度长、易实现高亮度的单纵模单频输出,因此成为固体激光器研究领域的热点之一。简要介绍了微片激光器的技术特点及应用,重点介绍了国内外各种微片激光器的最新研究成果及其应用,分析了影响微片激光器发展的因素,并对微片激光器今后的发展趋势进行了展望。

热键合技术及其在激光方面的应用

由于热键合技术具有适用范围广、对材料物化性能基本无影响等优点 ,所以它在激光方面有着越来越广泛的应用 ,尤其是在高功率激光和小型激光系统中的应用更为广泛。简单介绍了热键合技术的发展现状 ,并对其基本原理进行了详细的阐述。重点介绍了该技术在激光方面的用途和前景。由于热键合技术对工艺水平的要求较高 ,研究难度较大 ,探索性较强 ,所以加快它的研究和发展 。

LD泵浦的Er^(3+),Yb^(3+)共掺杂磷酸盐铒玻璃激光性质

研究了三种不同铒离子浓度的Er3 + ,Yb3 + 共掺杂磷酸盐铒玻璃的光谱性质和激光性质 ,用 2W ,974nm半导体激光器作为泵浦源 ,在Er3 + 离子浓度为 0 12× 10 2 0 /cm3 ,0 4 8× 10 2 0 /cm3 ,0 88× 10 2 0 /cm3 的Er3 + ,Yb3 + 共掺杂磷酸盐铒薄片玻璃中成功地实现了室温连续激光输出。讨论了铒离子掺杂浓度和样品厚度对激光性质的影响。通过比较发现在Yb3 + 离子浓度相当的条件下 (1 5× 10 2 1/cm3 ) ,掺铒离子浓度为 0 4 8× 10 2 0 /cm3 ,厚度为 2mm的铒玻璃具有较好的综合激光性能。它的最大激光输出功率达到 4 3mW ,斜率效率为 10 2 % ,激光阈值为 118mW ,激光光谱范围为 15 2 7～ 15 33nm ,激光峰值波长为 15 30nm。

LD泵浦的Cr^(4+):Nd^(3+):YAG自调Q激光器研究

利用 4 W的激光二极管泵浦 Cr4 + :Nd3 + :YAG微片 ,获得了自调 Q激光脉冲输出。在连续泵浦状态下 ,获得重复频率为 10 k Hz脉冲宽度为 4 0 ns调 Q脉冲激光输出。在脉冲泵浦状态下 ,获得包含多个子脉冲的脉冲序激光输出。采用加基电流的矩形脉冲泵浦 ,获得了稳定的单脉冲输出。