Microcos Linn. (Malvaceae s.l) is a genus made up of about 60 spp. distributed in Asia and Tropical Africa. In West Africa, 8 species have been recorded of which six species have been documented for Nigeria to occur i...Microcos Linn. (Malvaceae s.l) is a genus made up of about 60 spp. distributed in Asia and Tropical Africa. In West Africa, 8 species have been recorded of which six species have been documented for Nigeria to occur in lowland rainforest. This study is designed to carry out preliminary foliar epidermal and pollen morphological studies with a view to advance the understanding of the taxonomic relationship between and among species in the genus using the Nigerian taxa. The foliar epidermal and pollen characters were investigated by light microscopy. The epidermises are composed of isodiametric, polygonal or irregular cells. Anticlinal walls are straight, curved or un-dulate. All taxa are hypostomatic with anisocytic, paracytic and staurocytic stomata types. The mean stomatal size varies from 13.8 × 13.5 μm in M. barombiensis to 16.0 × 18.0 μm in M. coriacea. The dense distribution of stellate trichomes on the abaxial surface of M. malacocarpa and the absence of crystals in M. oligoneura are diagnostic for these taxa. The pollen grains are small in size (10-25 μm), tricolporate with short colpi, subprolate or prolate. Mean colpi length varies from 15.7 μm in M. iodocarpa to 17.5 μm in M. malacocarpa. The ora size varies from 5.4 μm in M. barombiensis to 12.5 μm in M. malacocarpa. The ambient and ora size are significant in the delimitation of the studied taxa. The two groups obtained from epidermal and pollen characters correlate with those earlier obtained from morphological data.展开更多
The leaf anatomy of six Microcos L. species belonging to section Eumicrocos in Nigeria was investigated by transverse sectioning of the lamina and examined by light microscope to determine their taxonomic significance...The leaf anatomy of six Microcos L. species belonging to section Eumicrocos in Nigeria was investigated by transverse sectioning of the lamina and examined by light microscope to determine their taxonomic significance in species delimitation and classification. The common anatomical characteristics in all the species are as follows: the uniseriate epidermis;the hypostomatic and bifacial leaves;presence of 2 layers of palisade tissues;presence of bundle sheath extension to both epidermises;presence of glandular and non-glandular trichomes;presence of secretory ducts on abaxial surface;presence of druse crystal in the mesophyll and midrib and;sclerenchyma cells associated with the phloem. Anatomical characters which are significant for species delimitation include: the presence/absence of sclerenchyma cells associated with the xylem in the midrib;presence/absence of starch grains in the mesophyll and midrib;the presence/absence of secretory ducts on the adaxial surface of the midrib;the presence/absence of medullary plates in midrib;the number of secretory ducts in the midrib and the midrib adaxial outline. The section can be separated into two distinct groups based on the number of spongy tissue layers in the mesophyll, number of sclerenchyma cells associated with the phloem and presence/absence of sclerenchyma cells in xylem both groupings correlated with those obtained from foliar epidermal and pollen characters. The importance of these characters is discussed in relation to the taxonomy of the taxon.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： The main objectives of this study were to qualitatively evaluate the profile of phytochemical constituents present in methanolic extract of Microcos paniculata bark（BME） and fruit（FME）, as well as to e...OBJECTIVE： The main objectives of this study were to qualitatively evaluate the profile of phytochemical constituents present in methanolic extract of Microcos paniculata bark（BME） and fruit（FME）, as well as to evaluate their anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities.METHODS： Phytochemical constituents of BME and FME were determined by different qualitative tests such as Molisch’s test, Fehling’s test, alkaloid test, frothing test, Fe Cl3 test, alkali test, Salkowski’s test and Baljet test. The anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities of the extracts were evaluated through proteinase-inhibitory assay, xylene-induced ear edema test, cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation in mice, formalin test, acetic acid-induced writhing test, tail immersion test and Brewer’s yeastinduced pyrexia in mice.RESULTS： M. paniculata extracts revealed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids and triterpenoids. All of the extracts showed significant（P〈0.05, vs aspirin group） proteinaseinhibitory activity, whereas the highest effect elicited by plant extracts was exhibited by the BME（75.94% proteinase inhibition activity） with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration（IC50） of 61.31 μg/m L. Each extract at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight showed significant（P〈0.05, vs control） percentage inhibition of ear edema and granuloma formation. These extracts significantly（P〈0.05, vs control） reduced the paw licking and abdominal writhing of mice. In addition, BME 400 mg/kg, and FME at 200 and 400 mg/kg showed significant（P〈0.05, vs control） analgesic activities at 60 min in the tail immersion test. Again, the significant（P〈0.05, vs control） post-treatment antipyretic activities were found by BME 200 and 400 mg/kg and FME 400 mg/kg respectively.CONCLUSION： Study results indicate that M. paniculata may provide a source of plant compounds with anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities.展开更多
The shrub Microcos paniulata(MPL;Tiliaceae), distributed in south China, south and southeast Asia, yields a phytomedicine used to treat heat stroke, fever, dyspepsia, diarrhea, insect bites and jaundice. Phytochemical...The shrub Microcos paniulata(MPL;Tiliaceae), distributed in south China, south and southeast Asia, yields a phytomedicine used to treat heat stroke, fever, dyspepsia, diarrhea, insect bites and jaundice. Phytochemical investigations on different parts of MPL indicate the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, triterpenoids and organic acids. The MPL leaves, fruits, barks and roots extracts showed antidiarrheal, antimicrobial and insecticidal, anti-inflammation, hepatoprotective, cardiovascular protective, blood lipids reducing, analgesic, jaundice-relieving and antipyretic activities, etc. The review aims to summary the traditional uses, botany,phytochemistry, pharmacological bioactivity, quality control, toxicology and potential mechanisms of MPL. Additionally, this review will highlight the existing research gaps in knowledge and provide a foundation for further investigations on this plant.展开更多
文摘Microcos Linn. (Malvaceae s.l) is a genus made up of about 60 spp. distributed in Asia and Tropical Africa. In West Africa, 8 species have been recorded of which six species have been documented for Nigeria to occur in lowland rainforest. This study is designed to carry out preliminary foliar epidermal and pollen morphological studies with a view to advance the understanding of the taxonomic relationship between and among species in the genus using the Nigerian taxa. The foliar epidermal and pollen characters were investigated by light microscopy. The epidermises are composed of isodiametric, polygonal or irregular cells. Anticlinal walls are straight, curved or un-dulate. All taxa are hypostomatic with anisocytic, paracytic and staurocytic stomata types. The mean stomatal size varies from 13.8 × 13.5 μm in M. barombiensis to 16.0 × 18.0 μm in M. coriacea. The dense distribution of stellate trichomes on the abaxial surface of M. malacocarpa and the absence of crystals in M. oligoneura are diagnostic for these taxa. The pollen grains are small in size (10-25 μm), tricolporate with short colpi, subprolate or prolate. Mean colpi length varies from 15.7 μm in M. iodocarpa to 17.5 μm in M. malacocarpa. The ora size varies from 5.4 μm in M. barombiensis to 12.5 μm in M. malacocarpa. The ambient and ora size are significant in the delimitation of the studied taxa. The two groups obtained from epidermal and pollen characters correlate with those earlier obtained from morphological data.
文摘The leaf anatomy of six Microcos L. species belonging to section Eumicrocos in Nigeria was investigated by transverse sectioning of the lamina and examined by light microscope to determine their taxonomic significance in species delimitation and classification. The common anatomical characteristics in all the species are as follows: the uniseriate epidermis;the hypostomatic and bifacial leaves;presence of 2 layers of palisade tissues;presence of bundle sheath extension to both epidermises;presence of glandular and non-glandular trichomes;presence of secretory ducts on abaxial surface;presence of druse crystal in the mesophyll and midrib and;sclerenchyma cells associated with the phloem. Anatomical characters which are significant for species delimitation include: the presence/absence of sclerenchyma cells associated with the xylem in the midrib;presence/absence of starch grains in the mesophyll and midrib;the presence/absence of secretory ducts on the adaxial surface of the midrib;the presence/absence of medullary plates in midrib;the number of secretory ducts in the midrib and the midrib adaxial outline. The section can be separated into two distinct groups based on the number of spongy tissue layers in the mesophyll, number of sclerenchyma cells associated with the phloem and presence/absence of sclerenchyma cells in xylem both groupings correlated with those obtained from foliar epidermal and pollen characters. The importance of these characters is discussed in relation to the taxonomy of the taxon.
文摘OBJECTIVE： The main objectives of this study were to qualitatively evaluate the profile of phytochemical constituents present in methanolic extract of Microcos paniculata bark（BME） and fruit（FME）, as well as to evaluate their anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities.METHODS： Phytochemical constituents of BME and FME were determined by different qualitative tests such as Molisch’s test, Fehling’s test, alkaloid test, frothing test, Fe Cl3 test, alkali test, Salkowski’s test and Baljet test. The anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities of the extracts were evaluated through proteinase-inhibitory assay, xylene-induced ear edema test, cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation in mice, formalin test, acetic acid-induced writhing test, tail immersion test and Brewer’s yeastinduced pyrexia in mice.RESULTS： M. paniculata extracts revealed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids and triterpenoids. All of the extracts showed significant（P〈0.05, vs aspirin group） proteinaseinhibitory activity, whereas the highest effect elicited by plant extracts was exhibited by the BME（75.94% proteinase inhibition activity） with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration（IC50） of 61.31 μg/m L. Each extract at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight showed significant（P〈0.05, vs control） percentage inhibition of ear edema and granuloma formation. These extracts significantly（P〈0.05, vs control） reduced the paw licking and abdominal writhing of mice. In addition, BME 400 mg/kg, and FME at 200 and 400 mg/kg showed significant（P〈0.05, vs control） analgesic activities at 60 min in the tail immersion test. Again, the significant（P〈0.05, vs control） post-treatment antipyretic activities were found by BME 200 and 400 mg/kg and FME 400 mg/kg respectively.CONCLUSION： Study results indicate that M. paniculata may provide a source of plant compounds with anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities.
基金supportted from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81673569)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFC1701105)the Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘The shrub Microcos paniulata(MPL;Tiliaceae), distributed in south China, south and southeast Asia, yields a phytomedicine used to treat heat stroke, fever, dyspepsia, diarrhea, insect bites and jaundice. Phytochemical investigations on different parts of MPL indicate the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, triterpenoids and organic acids. The MPL leaves, fruits, barks and roots extracts showed antidiarrheal, antimicrobial and insecticidal, anti-inflammation, hepatoprotective, cardiovascular protective, blood lipids reducing, analgesic, jaundice-relieving and antipyretic activities, etc. The review aims to summary the traditional uses, botany,phytochemistry, pharmacological bioactivity, quality control, toxicology and potential mechanisms of MPL. Additionally, this review will highlight the existing research gaps in knowledge and provide a foundation for further investigations on this plant.
