CEVA的DSP和语音神经网络集成TensorFlow Lite for Microcontrollers

CEVA宣布其CEVA-BXDSP内核与瞄准会话型人工智能和情境感知应用的WhisPro语音识别软件现在支持TensorFlow Lite for Microcontrollers,后者是一款可量产的跨平台框架,用于在边缘设备中的低功耗处理器上部署微型机器学习应用。

Reducing Power and Energy Consumption of Nonvolatile Microcontrollers with Transparent On-Chip Instruction Cache

Demands for low-energy microcontrollers have been increasing in recent years. Since most microcontrollers achieve user programmability by integrating nonvolatile (NV) memories such as flash memories for storing their programs, the large power consumption required in accessing an NV memory has become a major problem. This problem becomes critical when the power supply voltage of NV microcontrollers is decreased. We can solve this problem by introducing an instruction cache, thus reducing the access frequency of the NV memory. Unlike general-purpose microprocessors, microcontrollers used for real-time applications in embedded systems must accurately calculate program execution time prior to its execution. Therefore, we introduce a “transparent” instruction cache, which does not change the existing NV microcontroller’s cycle-level execution time, for reducing power and energy consumption, but not for improving the processing speed. We have conducted detailed microar chitecture design based on the architecture of a major industrial microcontroller, and we evaluated power and energy consumption for several benchmark programs. Our evaluation shows that the proposed instruction cache can successfully reduce energy consumption in a fairly wide range of practical NV microcontroller configurations.

Cost-Effective Monitoring of the Fuel Air Equivalence-Ratio with a Lambda Sensor and a Microcontroller in a Downdraft Biomass Gasifier

The operation of biomass treatment devices such as gasifiers is based on the control of key parameters that play an important role in product formation. These include: temperature, excess oxygen, relative humidity and biomass composition. This work focuses on excess oxygen and temperature. Unfortunately, flue gas oxygen analyzers are expensive and not accessible to small industries. However, the equivalence ratio is linked to excess oxygen and has the advantage of not depending on biomass composition. This study therefore focuses on the design and development of a device for controlling this equivalence ratio by measuring oxygen concentration using a self-propelled Lambda probe, and a system for monitoring this equivalence ratio using an Arduino Uno 3 microcontroller. The temperature is recorded with an accuracy of ±1.5°C. For a heating time of 10 minutes, the response time to temperature change is around 3 seconds, which is sufficient for the device to function properly. This simple device is an efficient and cost-effective means of checking the equivalence ratio.

STM32-based Health Monitoring System for Infants and Toddlers

In order to allow the guardians to monitor the physiological parameters of the infant more intuitively and to be able to respond to sudden irregularities in the pulse rate,abnormal blood oxygen,high or low body temperature and other conditions,and to facilitate communication with the medical staff or to request assistance in treatment,an STM32 microcontroller-based infant health monitoring system is designed.The digital signal acquisition module for pulse,blood oxygen and body temperature acquire the raw data,and the microcontroller performs algorithmic processing to display the physiological parameters such as pulse,blood oxygen and body temperature of the infant,and configures the threshold alarms for the physiological parameters by means of a keypad module.Finally,the test results are compared and tested against the standard physiological parameters of infants and children to verify that the system meets the requirements of medical precision and accuracy.

Microcontroller Design Based on Dynamic Heterogeneous Redundancy Architecture

Redundancy control can effectively enhance the stability and robustness of a system.Based on the conventional redundancy control switchover and majority arbitration strategy,this paper introduces the concept of heterogeneity and dynamics,constructs a dynamic heterogeneous redundancy-based microcontroller architecture DHR-MCU,and designs a fixed-leader distributed consensus algorithm that satisfies the program running state control of this architecture.The theoretical analysis and actual measurement of the prototype system prove that this architecture has good anti-attack and self-recovery capabilities under normal functions and performances and meets the general robust features in terms of safety and security.

High Efficient Reconfigurable and Self Testable Architecture for Sensor Node

Sensor networks are regularly sent to monitor certain physical properties that run in length from divisions of a second to many months or indeed several years.Nodes must advance their energy use for expanding network lifetime.The fault detection of the network node is very significant for guaranteeing the correctness of monitoring results.Due to different network resource constraints and malicious attacks,security assurance in wireless sensor networks has been a difficult task.The implementation of these features requires larger space due to distributed module.This research work proposes new sensor node architecture integrated with a self-testing core and cryptoprocessor to provide fault-free operation and secured data transmission.The proposed node architecture was designed using Verilog programming and implemented using the Xilinx ISE tool in the Spartan 3E environment.The proposed system supports the real-time application in the range of 33 nanoseconds.The obtained results have been compared with the existing Microcontroller-based system.The power consumption of the proposed system consumes only 3.9 mW,and it is only 24%percentage of AT mega-based node architecture.

A wireless geophone based on STM32

Seismic geophone is the key instrument for seismic data acquisition in the fields of oil and gas exploration and other relevant fields.It plays an important role in data quality,subsequent processing and interpretation.Aiming at the shortcomings of the existing geophones,such as large volume,heavy weight,unable to monitor in real-time,and heavy workload of data transmission and storage,this paper designs and implements a wireless geophone based on STM32 embedded microcontroller.It is mainly composed of STM32 microcontroller,acceleration sensor,global positioning system(GPS)module,Wi-Fi module and real-time seismic data receiving and processing module.Firstly,the acceleration of vibration in three directions is sensed by the acceleration sensor;secondly,the sampling and analog-to-digital conversion of the vibration data is controlled by the microcontroller;thirdly,the vibration and GPS data are sent to the personal computer(PC)through Wi-Fi,and the personal coomputer PC-side software module completes the reception,display,monitoring and storage of the seismic data;finally,the feasibility and effectiveness of the designed wireless geophone are verified through actual seismic data acquisition experiments.

Descriptive IoT Based Design and Implementation of a 3-Input Automatic Transfer Switch with Data Logging Features

Electricity is crucial for critical sectors such as banking, healthcare, education, and business. However, in developing nations like Cameroon, persistent power fluctuations and outages present significant challenges, leading to communication disruptions, food spoilage, water supply interruptions, and financial losses. This study proposes a novel solution: a three-input automatic transfer switch integrated with Internet of Things (IoT) and data logging capabilities. The system automatically switches between three independent power sources based on priority and availability, employing electromechanical contactors, relays, and timers for seamless switching. It incorporates ATMEGA328P microcontrollers, a GSM module for communication, and an SD card module for efficient data logging. Safety measures, such as miniature circuit breakers, voltage monitoring relays, and proper grounding, ensure user protection and system integrity. A user-friendly mobile application enables remote manual switching and real-time system information requests, while SMS notifications inform consumers about power source changes. The system has a power rating of 4.752 kW, accommodating a maximum continuous load of the same value. Voltage dividers provide a reliable 3.37 VDC output from a 12 VDC input, and data logging operates effectively by storing system data onto an SD card every 1.5 seconds. Comprehensive testing validates the system’s performance, with an average percentage error of 2.31% compared to actual values, falling within an acceptable range. This solution distinguishes itself by incorporating modern technologies like data logging and IoT, addressing the limitations of existing alternatives.

Ultrasonic Sensor-Based Embedded System for Vehicular Collusion Detection and Alert

The efficacy of an automated collision detection system is contingent upon the caliber and volume of data at its disposal. In the event that the data is deficient, incongruous, or erroneous, it has the potential to generate erroneous positive or negative outcomes, thereby compromising the system’s credibility. The occurrence of false positives is observed when the system erroneously identifies genuine activity as collusion. The phenomenon of false negatives arises when the system is unable to identify instances of genuine collusion. Collusion detection systems are required to handle substantial volumes of data in real time, capable of analyzing relationships between different objects. The intricate nature of collusion can pose difficulties in devising and executing efficient systems for its detection. The present study proposes an automated anti-collision system that utilizes sensor devices to detect objects and activate an alert mechanism in the event that the vehicle approaches the object in close proximity. The study introduces a novel methodology for mitigating vehicular accidents by implementing a combined system that integrates collision detection and alert mechanisms. The proposed system comprises an ultrasonic sensor, a microprocessor, and an alarm system. The sensor transmits a signal to the microcontroller, which in turn sends a signal to the warning unit. The warning unit is designed to prevent potential accidents by emitting an audible warning signal through a buzzer. Additionally, the distance information is displayed on an LCD screen. The Proteus Design Suite is utilized for simulation purposes, while Arduino.cc is employed for implementation.

Design and Implementation of Smart Power Voltage and Frequency Synchroniser in Power Distribution System

Voltage and frequency are usually considered and assessed independently in the design and operation of electrical networks. However, these two are linked. Each and every malfunctioning electrical system has an impact on both voltage and frequency. This paper presents the opportunity for monitoring the distributed electrical energy by means of a system that monitors, controls, and provides a breakpoint based on high or low voltage and frequency tripping mechanism that avoids any damage to the load. The designed system comprised a switch mode power supply (SMPS), a direct digital synthesizer (DDS), and PIC16F876A microcontroller techniques for stable voltage and frequency outputs. Proteus design suite version 8.11 software and Benchcope SDS1102CN were used for modeling and simulation. The hardware prototype was implemented at a telecom cell site for data capturing and analysis. Test results showed that the implementation of the prototype provided stable and constant outputs of 222 V/50 Hz and 112 V/60 Hz which constituted 99% and 99.8% efficiency for voltage and frequency performance respectively. The paper also discusses different technologies that can be adopted by the system to mitigate voltage and frequency effects on customer appliances.

Intelligent 3-Way Priority-Driven Traffic Light Control System for Emergency Vehicles

The problem of traffic congestion is a significant phenomenon that has had a substantial impact on the transportation system within the country. This phenomenon has given rise to numerous intricacies, particularly in instances where emergency situations occur at traffic light intersections that are consistently congested with a high volume of vehicles. This implementation of a traffic light controller system is designed with the intention of addressing this problem. The purpose of the system was to facilitate the operation of a 3-way traffic control light and provide priority to emergency vehicles using a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) sensor and Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) Architecture Based Microcontroller. This research work involved designing a system to mitigate the occurrence of accidents commonly observed at traffic light intersections, where vehicles often need to maneuver in order to make way for emergency vehicles following a designated route. The research effectively achieved the analysis, simulation and implementation of wireless communication devices for traffic light control. The implemented prototype utilizes RFID transmission, operates in conjunction with the sequential mode of traffic lights to alter the traffic light sequence accordingly and reverts the traffic lights back to their normal sequence after the emergency vehicle has passed the traffic lights.

Design of Intelligent Agricultural Greenhouse Environment Monitoring System

Aiming at the problem of greenhouse environmental information collection in agricultural production,this paper designs a greenhouse monitoring system based on STM32 microcontroller.The system uses STM32F103 series MCU as the main control unit,which is used to receive the detection results of the sensor.The host computer software displays and processes the monitoring data.The temperature and humidity sensors monitor air temperature and humidity.The capacitive soil moisture detection sensor monitors soil moisture.The carbon dioxide sensor monitors the concentration of carbon dioxide.The photosensitive sensor monitors light intensity.This design has low hardware cost and high data acquisition accuracy,which can be applied to the actual greenhouse agricultural production and has wide practicability.

Open-Source Hardware Is a Low-Cost Alternative for Scientific Instrumentation and Research

Scientific research requires the collection of data in order to study, monitor, analyze, describe, or understand a particular process or event. Data collection efforts are often a compromise: manual measurements can be time-consuming and labor-intensive, resulting in data being collected at a low frequency, while automating the data-collection process can reduce labor requirements and increase the frequency of measurements, but at the cost of added expense of electronic data-collecting instrumentation. Rapid advances in electronic technologies have resulted in a variety of new and inexpensive sensing, monitoring, and control capabilities which offer opportunities for implementation in agricultural and natural-resource research applications. An Open Source Hardware project called Arduino consists of a programmable microcontroller development platform, expansion capability through add-on boards, and a programming development environment for creating custom microcontroller software. All circuit-board and electronic component specifications, as well as the programming software, are open-source and freely available for anyone to use or modify. Inexpensive sensors and the Arduino development platform were used to develop several inexpensive, automated sensing and datalogging systems for use in agricultural and natural-resources related research projects. Systems were developed and implemented to monitor soil-moisture status of field crops for irrigation scheduling and crop-water use studies, to measure daily evaporation-pan water levels for quantifying evaporative demand, and to monitor environmental parameters under forested conditions. These studies demonstrate the usefulness of automated measurements, and offer guidance for other researchers in developing inexpensive sensing and monitoring systems to further their research.

Evolving Open-Source Technologies Offer Options for Remote Sensing and Monitoring in Agriculture

A variety of sensing and monitoring systems have been developed based on the concept of open-source and on open-source hardware and software components. Availability and relatively low cost of hardware components and availability and ease of use of software components allow access to sensing and monitoring technologies that were previously unattainable to many potential users. Advances in electronic monitoring and evolving cellular communications technologies are increasingly offering more, simpler, and less expensive options for remote monitoring. Due to the near-future cessation of 2G and 3G cellular network services, however, many existing monitoring systems will need to be redesigned to operate on alternative cellular networks. A soil-moisture monitoring system was developed incorporating updated open-source Arduino microcontrollers and the recently introduced LTE Cat-M1 cellular network to transmit sensor measurements via the cellular network for access on an internet website. The monitoring system costs approximately US$130 to construct the electronic circuitry and less than US$1 per month for cellular network access and data transmission. Data were transmitted with a 95% success rate, and the monitoring system operated continuously throughout an entire crop growing season with no battery recharge or maintenance requirements. The design and operation of the monitoring system can serve as a basis for other remote monitoring systems.

基于ArchC进行嵌入式Microcontroller设计研究

介绍了一种实用的以SystemC为基础的体系结构描述语言(ADL)—ArchC,首先简单对ArchC软件工具包进行了说明,接着重点介绍了以ArchC为工具进行Microcontroller设计的原理和简单流程,并说明了其关键技术,最后作了一个简单的总结.

基于单片机开展探究式实验教学以提高中学生物理核心素养

本文介绍了基于单片机开展的探究式实验教学课程,课程在理论讲授中注重物理量和实验原理的讲解,在实践教学中强调以学生为中心的教学理念,教学内容和实验项目适合于中学生。课程教师在教学过程中充分调动学生的学习主动性,训练学生掌握基本的物理实验技能,引导学生以探究的方式使用Arduino系统以及各种传感器、电机、开关等物理设备完成简单的交互式系统设计,因此学生使用物理知识分析、解决实际问题的能力以及他们的物理核心素养均得到了提高。该课程可以成为中学物理教学的拓展内容和有益补充,也可作为承接青少年科普活动和科学教育的教学平台。

Robust and cost-effective system for measuring and logging of data on soil water content and soil temperature profile

The paper describes the system for measuring and logging of data on soil water content and soil temperature profile. The system was tested in a field and shows great potential for performing continuous measurements. It has several benefits including ease of manufacture, low cost, reliable performance and the ability to download the data without specialized software.

Investigation and Implementation of a PIC-Based Sensor Node for Wireless Sensor Networks

The basic component of wireless sensor networks is sensor node, and it is one of the most investigated complex issues in wireless sensor networks. Within this investigation concept, one of the major topics focused on wireless sensor networks is designing sensor node equipment. In this study, a new wireless sensor node design was proposed. In this design, a low-power PIC and a low-power transceiver-receiver device were used. In order to connect various sensors to the node, an expansion slot was designed. The software that runs on the microcontroller was written in the PIC-C language, and it could be adapted for different routing algorithms and sensor types. So this paper presents an alternative low cost and low powered sensor node design and implementation for usage of the researchers and practitioners.

Intelligent Temperature Control System Design Based on Single-Chip Microcomputer

A design method of an intelligent temperature control system based on single-chip microcomputer is presented in this paper. The intelligent temperature control system is divided into four parts: monitor,heater,controlled process and feedback loop. Among them,the temperature detection circuit is designed with the conductivity of water by sensor detection. The optical coupler MOC3041 is used to implement the power control circuit,whose control object is 1 kW electric heater with the 220 V alternating current power; keyboard and display circuit SMC1602A include four buttons and LCD display to achieve human-computer interaction; Based on single-chip system STC89C52,the sensor signal and keyboard set target temperature are compared to the power automatically in order to finish the water temperature control. Through the static and dynamic data testing,the results show that the proposed method provides an effective way to realize the real-time acquisition and control of temperature.

基于物联网技术的智能安保门铃的设计

随着人们生活水平的提高和物联网技术的高速发展,门铃作为家居的重要组成部分之一,越来越趋向于智能化、安全化、人性化。文中设计了一种以单片机为控制核心的智能安保门铃系统,此门铃主要利用物联网技术、蓝牙技术、传感器技术,具有应用程序(application,APP)通知提示、远程辅助开门、强行破门警报、留言等功能。该设计提高了门铃信息的实时性,实现了手机APP控制,可以防止主人外出时错过重要来客信息,方便了人们的生活。