Investigation of Microstructure, Microhardness and Thermal Properties of Ag-In Intermetallic Alloys Prepared by Vacuum Arc Meltings

Ag-In intermetallic alloys were produced by using vacuum arc furnace. Differential Scanning Calorimetry(DSC) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry(EDX) were used to determine the thermal properties and chemical composition of the phases respectively. Microhardness values of Ag-In intermetallics were calculated with Vickers hardness measurement method. According to the experimental results, Ag-34 wt%In intermetallic system generated the best results of energy saving and storage compared to other intermetallic systems. Also from the microhardness results, it was observed that intermetallic alloys were harder than pure silver and Ag-26 wt%In system had the highest microhardness value with 143.45 kg/mm^(2).

Effects of cooling rate on microstructure and microhardness of directionally solidified Galvalume alloy

The influences of cooling rate on the phase constitution,microstructural length scale,and microhardness of directionally solidified Galvalume(Zn-55Al-1.6Si)alloy were investigated by directional solidification experiments at different withdrawal speeds(5,10,20,50,100,200,and 400μm·s^(-1)).The results show that the microstructure of directionally solidified Galvalume alloys is composed of primary Al dendrites,Si-rich phase and(Zn-Al-Si)ternary eutectics at the withdrawal speed ranging from 5 to 400μm·s^(-1).As the withdrawal speed increases,the segregation of Si element intensifies,resulting in an increase in the area fraction of the Si-rich phase.In addition,the primary Al dendrites show significant refinement with an increase in the withdrawal speed.The relationship between the primary dendrite arm spacing(λ_(1))and the thermal parameters of solidification is obtained:λ_(1)=127.3V^(-0.31).Moreover,as the withdrawal speed increases from 5 to 400μm·s^(-1),the microhardness of the alloy increases from 90 HV to 151 HV.This is a combined effect of grain refinement and second-phase strengthening.

Microstructure and microhardness of aluminium alloy with underwater and in-air wire-feed laser deposition

This study carried out the underwater and in-air wire-feed laser deposition of an aluminium alloy with a thin-walled tubular structure. For both the underwater and in-air deposition layers, both were well-formed and incomplete fusion, cracks, or other defects did not exist.Compared with the single-track deposition layer in air, the oxidation degree of the underwater single-track deposition layer was slightly higher.In both the underwater and in-air deposition layers, columnar dendrites nucleated close to the fusion line and grew along the direction of the maximum cooling rate in the fusion region(FR), while equiaxed grains formed in the deposited region(DR). As the environment changed from air to water, the width of DR and height of FR decreased, but the deposition angle and height of DR increased. The grain size and ratio of the high-angle boundaries also decreased due to the large cooling rate and low peak temperature in the water environment.Besides, the existence of a water environment benefitted the reduction of magnesium element burning loss in the DR. The microhardness values of the underwater deposition layer were much larger than those of the in-air layer, owing to the fine grains and high magnesium content.

Friction welding influence on microstructure,microhardness and hardness behavior of CrNiMo steel(AISI 316)

For joining high Cr,Ni and Mo austenitic stainless steel(AISI 316)by direct drive friction welding(DDFW),with friction weld-ing conditions:rotation speed of 3000 r/min,friction time of 10 s,friction pressure of 130 MPa,forge time of 5 s and forge pressure of 260 MPa.The results of microstructure showed that the temperature at the interface reached 819℃while forge applied between 357-237℃,which subdivided welded joint into four distinct regions of highly plastically deformed zone(HPDZ),thermo-mechanically affected zone(TMAZ),heat affected zone(HAZ)and the base metal,with grain size about 10µm,100µm,90µm and 30µm respectively.These re-gions were created due to dynamic recrystallization(DRX)at the interface and thermo-mechanical deformation with heat diffusion in the neighboring regions.Whereas,high level of microhardness about 300 HV0.1 and hardness roughly 240 Hv10 at the interface due to HPDZ creation while low level of 240 HV0.1 for microhardness and moderately of 205 HV10 for hardness in neighboring regions.

On the Influence of High Pressures and Boron Nitride on the Processes of Structure Formation and Microhardness of a High-Entropy Equiatomic Composition AlNiCoFeCr Alloy

The structure of equiatomic high-entropy AlNiCoFeCr alloy obtained by arc melting was investigated. The influence of high pressures (5, 8 and 11 GPa), quenching temperature (1650?C) and small additions of reinforcing agent-boron nitride (10% of the alloy volume) on the microstructure and microhardness of the alloy after quenching was studied. Depending on the conditions of thermobaric action, structures based on solid solution of the B2 type or mixed phases with structures of the Al, A2 or B2 types are formed in the AlNiCoFeCr alloy, which influences the alloy microhardness that varies in the range of 5 - 12.5 GPa. .

On the Influence of High Pressures and Boron Nitride on the Processes of Structure Formation and Microhardness of a High-Entropy Equiatomic Composition AlNiCoFeCr Alloy

The structure of equiatomic high-entropy AlNiCoFeCr alloy obtained by arc melting was investigated. The influence of high pressures (5, 8 and 11 GPa), quenching temperature (1650?C) and small additions of reinforcing agent-boron nitride (10% of the alloy volume) on the microstructure and microhardness of the alloy after quenching was studied. Depending on the conditions of thermobaric action, structures based on solid solution of the B2 type or mixed phases with structures of the Al, A2 or B2 types are formed in the AlNiCoFeCr alloy, which influences the alloy microhardness that varies in the range of 5 - 12.5 GPa. .

Optimize Multiple Peening Effects on Surface Integrity and Microhardness of Aluminum Alloy Induced by LSP

Laser shock peening is a modernized surface enhancement performed methodically to improve fatigue life, enhance the hardness of the material and make coarse grains flat under the superficial layer. In this current study, the effect of varying optimized multiple laser shock peening (LSP) is studied on the surface integrity, microhardness, and mechanical properties. The results show that the LSP-treated specimens have visible signs of valleys, wavy and varying height distribution as well as dimples. However, the presence of non-uniformity and sharp protrusions was detected from the superficiality of the as-received specimen and this was so because of the SiC abrasive material used to polish the superficial layer of the specimen before the test experiment. Prior to LSP, the surface roughness was 2 μm, however, after LSP the roughness increased to 4 μm, 6 μm and 17 μm for 1, 2, and 4 impacts, respectively. High-density dislocation can also be observed close to the grain boundary because the grain boundary prevents the migration of dislocation which could lead to dislocation walls and dislocation tangles. The increase in impacts decrease the average grain size, nevertheless, the micro-strain increased after multiple impacts. Furthermore, coarse grains after LSP were transformed into finer grains. The increase in the number of impacts increases the micro-strain likewise the full-width half maximum (FWHM). Finally, the increase in microhardness increases as the LSP impacts increase.

TP304/Q235不锈钢复合钢板焊接组织性能研究

采用焊条电弧焊以及埋弧焊工艺对TP304/Q235复合钢板进行焊接试验,研究了焊接接头的显微组织、合金元素分布、力学性能和显微硬度。试验结果表明:复合钢板复层TP304焊缝和基层Q235焊缝的显微组织分别为奥氏体+铁素体(伴有魏氏组织)和铁素体+珠光体。复层TP304母材侧合金元素Cr、Ni的质量分数低于复层焊缝侧,随着距离复层母材位置的增加,Cr、Ni的质量分数表现出了缓慢上升的趋向,整体呈阶梯状分布。复合板接头抗拉强度处于TP304母材和Q235母材之间,且断裂位置为母材处。复层TP304侧焊接接头和基层Q235侧焊接接头的显微硬度分布趋势相似,表现为热影响区和焊缝金属的硬度值高于母材,且峰值都出现在热影响区内,分别为265 HV左右和440 HV左右。综上所述,在本次试验研究条件下,所得到的TP304/Q235复合钢板组织性能优越,保证了接头质量,为不锈钢复合钢板在化工生产和石油管道等领域的应用积累了经验。

空化超声滚压对7075铝合金表面质量的影响

目的 为了研究超声滚压加工过程中空化效应对零件表面质量的影响,方法 以车削后的7075-T6铝合金为加工对象,进行空化超声滚压和普通超声滚压工艺对比试验,使用表面粗糙度仪测量加工后的工件表面粗糙度,采用显微硬度计测量工件表面显微硬度,并用超景深测量仪测量工件表面微观形貌。结果 结果表明,普通超声滚压和空化超声滚压均能降低滚压加工后的工件表面粗糙度,增大表面显微硬度。随着静压力增大,两种超声滚压加工方式获得的表面粗糙度均呈逐渐降低趋势,而表面显微硬度均呈逐渐增大趋势。超声滚压加工通过削峰填谷作用使工件表面变光滑。相对于普通超声滚压,空化超声滚压的空化效应引起的冲击波和微射流可以进一步促进材料表层的塑性流动,使工件表面经空化超声滚压加工后能获得更低的表面粗糙度和更高的显微硬度,更加平整。在本文试验条件下,空化超声滚压加工后的表面粗糙度最低可达0.038μm,表面显微硬度最高可达210.07 HV0.1。相同静压力下,空化超声滚压加工相较于普通超声滚压加工,表面粗糙度最大可降低42.2%,表面显微硬度最大可提升2.6%。结论 试验证实了在超声滚压加工过程中引入空化效应可进一步提高工件表面强化质量。

塞斯纳172飞机发动机机匣脉冲激光清洗工艺研究

针对航空发动机机匣表面除漆需求,采用纳秒脉冲激光开展了塞斯纳172飞机发动机机匣表面漆层的激光清洗研究。通过对机匣除漆区域的表面形貌及粗糙度进行分析,探究了激光能量密度与扫描速度对机匣表面漆层清洗效果的影响规律,确定了机匣激光除漆最佳工艺参数,并对机匣除漆后的表面质量、显微硬度及粗糙度进行综合评估。结果表明,能量密度和扫描速度均显著影响机匣除漆质量,能量密度18.33 J/cm^(2)、扫描速度1600 mm/s时,可实现除漆率98.7%,表面粗糙度S_(a)为2.48μm,机匣本身未损伤,表面显微硬度提升1.9%,满足机匣表面除漆质量要求。研究结果为发动机机匣激光除漆提供了理论与技术支持。

限制型多向锻造对Ti_(2)AlNb基合金组织与性能的影响

在B2+O相区下对Ti_(2)AlNb基合金进行三道次等温限制型多向锻造(R-MDF),借助金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对变形后的合金试样组织进行分析,通过Image软件定量统计多向锻造各道次O相的总体积分数、板条O相的宽度和体积分数以及等轴O相的尺寸,研究不同道次下O相的变形行为;对不同道次下Ti_(2)AlNb基合金试样进行维氏硬度测试,揭示Ti_(2)AlNb基合金经多向锻造后微观组织与显微硬度之间的关系。研究结果表明:变形结束后,粗大的板条O相破碎细化成等轴O相;经不同道次的多向锻造后,等轴O相尺寸先由一道次的0.57μm增大到二道次的1.24μm后又逐渐细化,三道次后平均尺寸为0.84μm左右;相较于初始试样,各道次试样显微硬度分别提升约15.4%、22.2%和14.8%。

Al、Ti、V和Cr促进高熵合金BCC相形成能力的研究

定量研究了Al、Ti、V和Cr促进CoFeMnNi基高熵合金形成BCC相的添加量,结合元素周期表分析了相关规律。使用真空熔炼炉炼制了CoFeMnNi基高熵合金,使用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计分析了合金的组织结构和硬度。结果表明,CoFeMnNi合金为单一FCC相结构,Al、Ti、V和Cr四种元素单独添加到合金中出现BCC相的添加量分别是0.6、0.6、1和2 mol;促进BCC相形成能力的顺序是Al>Ti>V>Cr;对于元素周期表第4周期的过渡族元素,序号小于25的元素是BCC形成元素,序号越小越有利于在高熵合金中形成BCC相。当合金有BCC相形成时,合金的硬度升高;随BCC相的增加,硬度增加,合金脆性变大。合金含钛2 mol后,合金抗腐蚀能力提升明显,即使在王水腐蚀120 s仍然没有明显的腐蚀痕迹。

超声能场在金属增材制造组织性能调控中的应用

针对金属增材制造构件存在微观组织缺陷、残余应力及各向异性等问题,各种组织性能调控技术应运而生。结合近年来超声能场对增材制造组织性能调控的研究工作,详细分析了超声能场在增材制造过程中的“液-固”双重效应,总结了超声能场对增材制造金属材料的显微组织及其表面粗糙度、显微硬度、残余应力、耐腐蚀等性能的影响。研究表明,超声能场使材料内部组织晶粒显著细化、孔隙率降低、耐腐蚀性能提高;同时使增材制造构件显微硬度升高,应力状态向有利于构件性能的残余压应力转变。

激光熔凝处理对P20钢组织及性能的影响

目的提高P20模具钢的表面硬度和耐磨性能。方法采用激光熔凝技术对P20模具钢表面进行强化处理。通过硬度梯度检测和摩擦磨损测试,分别评价熔凝层的硬度分布特征和耐磨性能,并通过光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对熔凝层及磨痕形貌进行分析。结果使用激光输出功率为500W、光斑直径为2.5mm、聚焦透镜距离为40 mm、扫描速度为6 mm/s、搭接率为45%、氮气保护的激光熔凝工艺所得熔凝层的组织细小,无脱碳、畸变、裂纹等缺陷,熔凝处理质量高。熔凝过程中单道激光熔凝层呈半椭圆形分布,最大深度为610~620μm。熔凝处理后表面硬度提升显著,熔凝层的硬度分布与熔凝层的区域位置有关,具有较高硬度且硬度保持基本稳定的熔凝层深度约为400μm;单道激光熔凝层最高硬度可达460~480HV,重叠影响区即双熔凝区的最高硬度在540~560HV之间,即熔凝层硬度普遍较基体硬度提高了60%以上。此外,P20模具钢经过激光熔凝处理后耐磨性能提升明显,其平均摩擦因数约为0.85,熔凝处理的磨损失重较未处理的试样减少了约61%,其磨损机制主要表现为磨粒磨损和少量的黏着磨损或剥落脱离。结论激光熔凝处理能够显著提高P20模具钢的表面硬度和耐磨性能,试验采用的激光熔凝工艺可在P20钢表面获得硬度较高且稳定可靠的熔凝层深度在400μm左右,能将P20模具钢的表面硬度及耐磨性提高60%以上。

基于电接触强化的铝合金表面电刷镀镍层改性研究

[目的]对铝合金进行表面处理可提高其硬度和耐磨性,拓宽铝合金材料在机械零件方面的应用。[方法]采用电刷镀技术在1060铝合金表面制备Ni镀层,再通过电接触强化技术对Ni镀层进行改性。采用扫描电子显微镜和维氏硬度计考察了Ni镀层电接触强化前后的微观组织和显微硬度。通过摩擦磨损试验对比了1016铝合金及Ni镀层电接触强化前后的耐磨性。[结果]经电接触强化后,Ni镀层内部的裂纹及孔洞类缺陷减少,晶粒间隙减小,致密性提高,显微硬度增大到524.4~560.3 HV0.1范围内。1016铝合金在摩擦磨损试验后存在较深的犁沟和剥落,耐磨性较差。Ni镀层的耐磨性优于1016铝合金,但在摩擦过程中会发生剥落。经电接触强化的Ni镀层在摩擦过程中摩擦因数平稳,表面只是轻微擦伤,耐磨性最佳。[结论]结合电刷镀镍和电接触强化技术可显著提高铝合金的表面性能。

Cr_(3)C_(2)/WC的添加对Stellite 12熔覆层耐磨耐蚀性的影响

目的 提高Stellite 12熔覆层的耐磨耐蚀性能。方法将Stellite 12合金粉末与碳化物(Cr_(3)C_(2)、WC)混合,采用激光熔覆技术在H13钢板上制备复合熔覆层。通过超景深显微镜和XRD分析其显微组织和物相,通过显微硬度测试、摩擦磨损试验和电化学腐蚀试验,分别评价熔覆层的硬度、耐磨性和耐蚀性,并通过超景深显微镜对磨痕形貌进行分析。结果添加碳化物后,熔覆层的微观组织以柱状晶和树枝晶为主,物相主要由γ-Co固溶体和碳化物(M23C6、M7C3)组成;Cr_(3)C_(2)的添加使得熔覆层的硬度降低,由610HV0.2降至530HV0.2,但耐磨性得到提高,磨损量由0.45 mm^(3)降至0.33 mm^(3),下降了28%,耐蚀性得到提高,腐蚀电位由-0.385 V增加到-0.264 V,腐蚀电流密度由9.269×10^(-10)A/cm^(2)降至1.496×10^(-10)A/cm^(2),极化电阻由3.982×10^(7)Ω·cm^(2)提升至2.424×10^(8)Ω·cm^(2),提高了1个数量级;WC的添加使其硬度由610HV0.2提高至750HV0.2,磨损深度变浅,磨损量由0.45 mm3降至0.19 mm^(3),下降了43%,但耐腐蚀性有所降低。3种熔覆层的磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损和黏着磨损。结论WC的添加可以有效提高熔覆层的硬度和耐磨性,但耐腐蚀性有所降低;添加Cr_(3)C_(2)后,耐蚀性得到显著提高,耐磨性略微提升,但硬度降低。

精氨酸改性Clinpro^(TM)窝沟封闭剂对其性能的影响

目的:将精氨酸添加到Clinpro^(TM)窝沟封闭剂中进行改性,比较改性对窝沟封闭剂性能的影响。方法:配制出精氨酸浓度分别为3%、5%、10%的窝沟封闭剂(Arg3组、Arg5组、Arg10组),比较不同窝沟封闭剂的表面硬度、聚合转化率、界面微渗漏。扫描电镜观察固化后窝沟封闭剂的形貌。用液相色谱质谱法测定不同时间点窝沟封闭剂中精氨酸的释放情况。结果:各组窝沟封闭剂的表面硬度、聚合转化率没有显著性差异。Arg10组的界面渗漏率明显高于其他组(P<0.05),其余各组间无明显差异。扫描电镜观察精氨酸改性后的窝沟封闭剂均有不同程度的离子团聚现象。在24 h内的各个时间段Arg5组比Arg3组释放的精氨酸量要多,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:添加5%精氨酸不会影响Clinpro^(TM)窝沟封闭剂的性能及界面微渗漏,Arg5组具有好的精氨酸释放能力。

再生复合微粉混凝土界面过渡区性能研究

为研究再生复合微粉复掺比对混凝土界面过渡区性能的影响机理,用宏微观试验相结合的方法,分析不同复掺比对混凝土劈裂抗拉强度和显微硬度的影响规律,并利用灰色关联法探究力学性能与微观结构的关系。结果表明:再生砖粉对混凝土的改善效果优于再生混凝土粉,且掺入合理的再生复合微粉会改善混凝土界面过渡区的微观结构;再生复合微粉混凝土各组相显微硬度关系为:骨料相>砂浆相>界面过渡区相,且界面过渡区厚度随养护龄期的增加而逐渐减小;界面过渡区厚度与劈裂抗拉强度关系显著,呈线性负相关,所建立的模型拟合度较高。界面过渡区厚度能准确地表征再生复合微粉混凝土宏观性能变化规律,当再生混凝土粉/再生砖粉为2∶8时,可制备出性能良好的C30混凝土,具有良好的推广应用价值。

激光除漆对铝合金飞机蒙皮微观组织的影响

目的探究激光除漆对铝合金飞机蒙皮基体近表层(15μm)微观组织的影响规律,阐明近表层微观组织变化与显微硬度的内在联系。方法采用纳秒脉冲红外激光去除2024-T3铝合金飞机蒙皮表面漆层,通过调节激光能量密度,分别除漆至基体阳极氧化层、铝合金、铝合金表面熔融。利用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜(LSCM)表征漆层的剥离程度及基体的表面形貌。通过超景深三维显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、Image-Pro Plus软件表征Keller试剂腐蚀后铝合金基体近表层的微观组织。采用数显显微维氏硬度计测量基体剖面的显微硬度。结果在激光能量密度为4.26 J/cm^(2)时,相较于原始基体,阳极氧化层较完整,其基体的表面粗糙度接近于原始基体(未除漆),近表层的微观组织无明显改变,近表层的显微硬度增加了1.6%。当除漆至铝合金基体表面完整时(15.25 J/cm^(2)),相对于原始基体,其表面粗糙度降低,近表层的微观组织无明显改变,近表层的显微硬度增加了4.8%。在激光能量密度为27.79 J/cm^(2)时,铝合金表面熔融,其表面粗糙度相对于原始基体增大,近表层的晶粒显著细化,其显微硬度增加了17.3%。结论采用合适的激光能量密度对铝合金飞机蒙皮进行激光除漆,不会显著改变其基体近表层的微观组织。在较高能量密度下,铝合金近表层会发生晶粒细化,导致显微硬度显著增加。

纳米二氧化钛/玻璃鳞片协同增强环氧树脂的耐磨性研究

[目的]环氧树脂(EP)复合材料虽有良好的力学性能和化学稳定性,但脆性大、摩擦因数高、耐磨性差,使其难以满足运动摩擦部件的性能要求。[方法]通过向EP基体中添加改性纳米TiO_(2)和玻璃鳞片(GF)制备了TiO_(2)/GF/EP复合材料,研究了纳米TiO_(2)添加量对复合涂层性能的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)对涂层的断面形貌和分子结构进行了表征。[结果]利用KH-550硅烷偶联剂对纳米TiO_(2)进行改性处理消耗了其表面大量的羟基,有效减少了纳米TiO_(2)的团聚。GF和改性纳米TiO_(2)与EP基体的界面相容性良好,TiO_(2)/GF/EP复合涂层的致密性与纯EP涂层相比明显提高。对于添加了相对于EP质量4%的纳米TiO_(2)和30%的GF的复合涂层,其显微硬度比纯EP提高了46.8%,摩擦因数和磨损后的质量损失分别比纯EP减小了46.1%和52.0%。[结论]改性纳米TiO_(2)和GF共同作为填料加入,可使EP的显微硬度和耐磨性得到明显提高,摩擦因数明显减小,综合性能得到提升。