Synergistic effect of pinellia total alkaloids and uncaria total alkaloids on anticonvulsant action in mice and rats

Aim To investigate the synergistic effect of the combination of pinellia total alkaloid （PTA） and uncaria total alkaloid （UTA）, and explore the mechanism of anticonvulsant action. Methods Anticonvulsant and toxic effect profiles of combinations of PTA with UTA, alone and at three fixed ratios of 1：4, 1 ：1, 4：1, were evaluated in maximal electroshock （MES）-induced seizures and acute toxicity test in mice. Respective ED50 and LD50 were calculated with Bliss＇s method. Their synergistic effect were evaluated by isobolographic analysis and allowed the determination of benefit indices （BI） for respective combinations. The model of convulsive rats kindled by penicillin topically injected into cortex was used to investigated the content of Glu, Asp, Gly and GABA in hippocampus using high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. Results Combinations of PTA and UTA at the ratio of 4：1 were synergistic in MES test and antagonistic in acute toxicity test, showing the best profile for combinations of PTA with UTA. In contrast, the ratios of 1 ：4 and 1 ： 1, despite synergistic in MES test, were additive in acute toxicity test. The 4：1 combination and two drugs alone significantly decreased Glu level and increased GABA level in the hippocampus, but the GABA level in the 4：1 combination group was higher than that in the two drugs alone groups. They did not have significant influence on the levels of ASp and Gly. Conclusion Combinations of PTA and UTA at 4：1 ratio demonstrated synergistic effect in anticonvulsant action and antagonistic effect in toxicity. The anticonvulsant mechanism might be related to decreasing the excitability of Glutamatergic neurons and increasing the inhibition of GABAergic neurons.

Synergistic action of non-solvent induced phase separation in preparation of poly(vinyl butyral) hollow fiber membrane via thermally induced phase separation

A systematic study of air gap distance effects on the structure and properties of poly(vinyl butyral)hollow fiber membrane via thermally induced phase separation(TIPS)has been carried out.The results show that the hollow fiber membrane prepared at air gap zero has no skin layer; the pore size near the outer surface is larger than that near the inner surface; and the special pore channel-like structure near the outer surface is formed,which is quite different with the typical sponge-like structure caused by TIPS and the finger-like structure caused by non-solvent induced phase separation(NIPS),because of the synergistic action of non-solvent induced phase separation at air gap zero.The pore size gradually decreases from outer surface layer to the intermediate layer,but increases gradually from intermediate layer to the inner surface layer.With the increase of air gap distance,the pore size near the outer surface gets smaller and a dense skin layer is formed,and the pore size gradually increases from the outer surface layer to the inner surface layer.Water permeability of the hollow fiber membrane decreases with air gap distance,the water permeability decreases sharply from 45.50×10-7 to 4.52×10-7 m3/(m2·s·kPa)as air gap increases from 0 to 10 mm at take-up speed of 0.236 m/s,further decreases from 4.52×10-7 to 1.00×10-8 m3/(m2·s·kPa)as the air gap increases from 10 to 40 mm.Both the breaking strength and the elongation increase with the increase of air gap distance.The breaking strength increases from 2.25 MPa to 4.19 MPa and the elongation increases from 33.9% to 132.6% as air gap increases from 0 mm to 40 mm at take-up speed 0.236 m/s.

Synergistic Action of Clonorchiasis,HBV Infection and Alcohol Consumption on Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma

OBJECTIVE It has been recognized that HBV infection and alcohol consumption are two important risk factors for primary hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）. Recently, the role of clonorchiasis as a risk factor for HCC is controversial. We aimed to investigate whether these factors increase the risk of HCC in Guangxi, China. METHODS A hospital-based, case-control study of HCC was conducted from July 2005 to July 2007. We enrolled 500 consecutive patients with HCC as an experimental group and 500 patients without tumor in liver as a control group. The risk factors that the patients were exposed to were assessed. RESULTS Comparing the risks of developing the HCC, we found out the following results. The risk of developing HCC for the patients with clonorchiasis was 5 folds of that for the patients without clonorchiasis （OR = 5.0; 95% CI： 3.1-8.1）, and the risk for the patients with alcohol consumption was 3 folds of that for the patients without drinking alcohol （OR = 3.4; 95% CI： 2.3-4.9）, and similarly, the risk for the patients with HBV infection was 21 times of that for the patients without HBV infection （OR = 20.6; 95% CI： 14.3-29.7）. According to crossover analysis, there was significant interaction among clonorchiasis, HBV infection and alcohol consumption, with synergistic indices greater than 1. The etiologic fractions attributed to these interactions [EF （A × B）] are 0.7465, 0.5789 and 0.5506, respectively. CONCLUSION Clonorchiasis, HBV infection and heavy alcohol consumption are independent risk factors for developing HCC in our population in Guangxi, and as they can interact synergistically, the risk of developing HCC is increased. Data from this study may indicate new prevention strategies of developing HCC in high-risk individuals.

Synergistic Antioxidant Action of Oregano, Ajowan and Borage Extracts

Radical scavenging activity (RSA), antioxidant activity (AA), reducing power, total polyphenol (TP) and flavonoid contents (TFC) of oregano (Oreganum vulgare spp), ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi) and Indian borage (Plectranthus amboinicus) extracts were evaluated. Oregano exhibited maximum radical scavenging activity (88.2%, 82.3%) for aqueous and ethanolic extracts at 50 ppm concentration respectively, followed by ajowan (86.9%, 68.4%) and Indian borage (30.5%, 30.4%). Extracts of oregano and ajowan showed better antioxidant activity and reducing power than that of Indian borage. Aqueous extracts of oregano had highest TP (Gallic acid equivalents) and TFC (Catechin equivalents) of 27.7% and 50.6 % respectively compared to ajowan (6.7%, 24.4%) and Indian borage (4.2%, 5.5%). Synergistic studies showed that the addition of oregano extract appreciably enhanced the RSA of ajowan and Indian borage extracts even at 50 ppm concentration.

DOPO衍生物-APP协同的阻燃水性聚氨酯的制备及性能研究

基于聚磷酸铵(APP)阻燃剂与阴离子聚氨酯相容性差,所得聚氨酯燃烧仍然产生大量熔滴,采用磷系阻燃剂对皮革用阴离子水性聚氨酯进行阻燃改性,探究APP和9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)的衍生物(DOPO-PHB)两种阻燃剂协同作用的阻燃改性体系。通过极限氧指数(LOI)、垂直燃烧试验和热重分析考察了其阻燃性能和热降解性能,用拉伸机测定了薄膜的力学性能。结果表明,当添加1%APP-4%DOPO-PHB阻燃剂时,聚氨酯LOI值为27.8%,垂直燃烧达到V-0级别,无熔滴,聚氨酯的力学性能提升,相容性提高。

Rhizopus stolonifer几丁质脱乙酰酶的异源表达及其与几丁质酶的协同作用研究

几丁质脱乙酰酶(chitin deacetylase,CDA)是几丁质生物转化为壳聚糖的关键酶。然而,目前报道的高活性CDAs非常少。为了获得高效的CDA,并提高其对几丁质的生物转化效率,该研究对来源于Rhizopus stolonifer中的CDA进行基因克隆、表达及纯化,获得几丁质脱乙酰酶Rs CDA1,研究其酶学性质并探究其与来源于Vibrio harveyi的几丁质酶Vh Chit2对几丁质的协同水解作用。结果表明,Rs CDA1的比酶活力为5.2 U/mg,在45℃、pH 6.5条件下活性最高,在温度低于40℃、pH 6.5~8.0保持较好的稳定性。1 mmol/L的Ca^(2+)、Mn^(2+)、Mg^(2+)、Zn^(2+)、Ba^(2+)和Co^(2+)对Rs CDA1的活力有促进作用;1 mmol/L的Ni^(2+)和Cu^(2+)对该酶有抑制作用。此外,Rs CDA1与Vh Chit2在几丁质水解中表现出良好的协同降解和脱乙酰作用。Rs CDA1与Vh Chit2(摩尔浓度比为10∶1)在50℃、pH 6.5条件下水解20 mg/mL几丁质2 h时,对几丁质酶和CDA的协同度分别达到120.3%和175.6%。与单独使用Rs CDA1相比(27.5%),两者协同水解时几丁质的脱乙酰度增加到35.3%。因此,Rs CDA1在几丁质的生物转化中具有潜在的应用前景。

长三角减污降碳政策的协同效应和作用机制研究

在“双碳”目标和长三角地区一体化高质量发展的要求下,如何发挥环境政策的协同效应,协同推进减污、降碳和经济高质量发展,对于促进经济社会发展全面绿色转型具有重要意义.以2006-2020年长三角地区41个地级市为研究对象,以大气污染物(包括SO_(2)、NOx、PM和VOCs)排放当量、CO_(2)排放量和经济高质量发展水平为被解释变量,以减污降碳政策力度为核心解释变量,通过固定效应和中介效应模型检验减污降碳政策对大气污染、碳排放和经济高质量发展的协同效应和作用机制.结果表明:①减污降碳政策具有三重协同效应,政策力度每提升1%,平均意义上可降低0.470%的大气污染物排放当量,降低0.292%的CO_(2)排放量,提升0.040%的经济高质量发展水平.②减污降碳政策的协同效应具有地区异质性,在核心城市组能够实现减污、降碳和经济高质量发展的三重协同效应,而在中心城市组仅具有污染减排效应,在外围城市组没有产生显著效应.③减污降碳政策主要通过减少能源消费、促进绿色技术创新实现减污、降碳和经济高质量发展.研究显示,应充分考虑地区差异性,针对各城市组制定相应对策措施,进一步发挥减污降碳政策的协同效应,以全面实现长三角地区减污、降碳和经济高质量协同发展.

锂离子电池湿法PE隔膜生产工艺用白油变色原因

白油是锂离子电池湿法聚乙烯(PE)隔膜生产中的造孔剂。针对白油循环使用过程中油品外观发黄、黄色物质未定性等问题,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱技术研究了模拟生产工艺条件下白油、PE、抗氧化剂1010(I1010)的结构变化与耐黄变性能的关系,以及质量比不同的3种物料混合物的结构变化、耐黄变性能与质量比的关系;采用高效液相色谱和高分辨质谱技术对回收油中黄色物质进行了定性分析。结果表明,白油、PE和I1010在工艺过程中均发生氧化反应,变黄物质的产生是三者协同作用的结果,其中PE和I1010为主要诱因;黄色物质为芳香酯类化合物和I1010。本研究为白油循环使用工艺的改进提供参考。

化肥农药零增长行动的农业减污降碳协同效应及脱钩效应分析

基于2007—2020年中国宏观统计数据,在测算农业碳排放量和面源污染量的基础上,论文利用灰色GM(1,1)模型和Tapio系数等模型,分析化肥、农药零增长行动的农业减污降碳协同效应及脱钩效应。研究发现:(1)2015年自实施化肥、农药零增长行动以来,我国化肥农药减量效果明显,实现了行动提出的零增长目标,并呈现负增长的趋势。(2)2015—2020年我国化肥、农药实际施用量较模拟值明显减少,化肥施用量总计减少5118.10万吨,农药使用量总计减少210.74万吨。(3)化肥、农药零增长行动具有显著的农业碳减排效应和面源污染减量效应,2015—2020年化肥碳排放量和面源污染量较预测值分别减少4583.77万吨、3326.76万吨,农药碳排放量和面源污染量较预测值分别减少1039.80万吨、105.37万吨。(4)化肥、农药零增长行动实施后,农业经营主体对化肥、农药的依赖不断减少,2016—2020年化肥、农药碳排放量、面源污染量与农业生产的脱钩状态由弱脱钩变为强脱钩。(5)化肥、农药零增长行动实施后,农业减污降碳具有协同效应。

The interaction of an atmospheric pressure plasma jet using argon or argon plus hydrogen peroxide vapour addition with bacillus subtilis

This paper reports that an atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge plasma jet, which uses argon or argon ＋ hydrogen peroxide vapour as the working gas, is designed to sterilize the bacillus subtilis. Compared with the pure argon plasma, the bacterial inactivation efficacy has a significant improvement when hydrogen peroxide vapour is added into the plasma jet. In order to determine which factors play the main role in inactivation, several methods are used, such as determination of optical emission spectra, high temperature dry air treatment, protein leakage quantification, and scanning electron microscope. These results indicate that the possible inactivation mechanisms are the synergistic actions of chemically active species and charged species.

生物质基木醋液的制备工艺和增效技术研究进展

木醋液是生物质热解制炭产生的高价值酸性副产物,具有来源丰富、无污染、成本低等特点。如果将木醋液中的成分进行转化并加以利用,对促进生物质资源利用具有重要意义。木醋液的主要成分为有机酸、醇类、酚类、醛类和酮类等多种有机物和微量金属元素,具有刺激作物生长、抑制病原菌生长和抗氧化的作用,通过不同的制备工艺和增效技术将木醋液应用于植物上是目前的研究热点。通常,木醋液生产途径可分为工业生产木醋液和实验室制备木醋液,但初步制备出的木醋液含有某些有毒物质,需要进一步精制,精制的过程主要采用过滤法、活性炭吸附法、蒸馏法、静置法、低温法、萃取法等。笔者基于近年来国内外木醋液的研究动态,简述了木醋液的制取和精制,分析了目前木醋液精制方法的优缺点,介绍了木醋液对植物生长的作用机理;概述了木醋液在粮食、水果、蔬菜和其他作物上的增效技术和应用效果,总结出木醋液具有促进种子发芽和植物生长、抑制作物病原菌、提高作物产量和抗逆性以及改良土壤等功能。然而,木醋液在开发和利用方面尚无明确的统一标准,且对植物的增效机制尚不明确。今后,研究重点应主要集中在不同原料和不同工艺制备的木醋液对植物促生的作用机理和土壤的改良机理等方面,研究结果将为木醋液开发、高效利用及农业绿色发展提供参考。

纳米零价铁与过一硫酸盐协同去除水中诺氟沙星的研究

利用nZVI协同PMS去除水中的NOR,并借助EPR、XRD、TEM、EDS、FTIR等探究了相关的去除机制。结果表明,nZVI协同PMS对NOR的去除率高达97.4%,去除机制包括SO_(4)^(-)·和OH·对NOR的氧化降解,以及纤铁矿和针铁矿对NOR及其降解产物的吸附。

ORA59 and EIN3 interaction couples jasmonate-ethylene synergistic action to antagonistic salicylic acid regulation of PDF expression

Hormonal crosstalk is central for tailoring plant responses to the nature of challenges encountered. The role of antagonism between the two major defense hormones, salicylic acid （SA） and jasmonic acid （JA）, and modulation of this interplay by ethylene （ET） in favor of JA signaling pathway in plant stress responses is well recognized, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we show the opposing function of two transcription factors, ethylene insensitive3 （EIN3） and EIN3-Like1 （EIL1）, in SA-mediated suppression and JA- mediated activation of PLANT DEFENSINI.2 （PDFI.2）. This functional duality is mediated via their effect on protein, not transcript levels of the PDF1.2 transcriptional activator octadecanoid-responsive Arabidopsis59 （ORA59）. Specifically, JA induces ORA59 protein levels independently of EIN3/EIL1, whereas SA reduces the protein levels dependently of EIN3/EIL1. Co-infiltration assays revealed nuclear co-localization of ORA59 and EIN3, and split- luciferase together with yeast-two-hybrid assays established their physical interaction. The functional ramification of the physical interaction is EIN3-dependent degradation of ORA59 by the 26S proteasome. These findings allude to SA-responsive reduction of ORA59 levels mediated by EIN3 binding to and targeting of ORA59 for degrada4tion, thus nominating ORA59 pool as a coordination node for the antagonistic function of ET/JA and SA.

SYNERGISTIC ACTION AMONG HYDROGEN,STRESS AND CORROSION MEDIUM ON AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL

A synergistic action among hydrogen, stress and corrosion medium on austenitic stainlesssteel has been investigated. The results show that both hydrogen and stress would increase thecorrosion rate and the effects of hydrogen and stress on the corrosion rate are synergistic ratherthan simple additive. Hydrogen decreases the threshold stress and delays fracture time of stresscorrosion cracking in a boiling MgCl_2 solution by a factor of 1/5 and 10, respectively.

博瓦水电站引水隧洞富水破碎围岩治理加固技术研究

引水式发电站在建设过程中往往需要开挖很长的引水隧洞,开挖过程中会遇到各种各样的地质条件,极易发生涌水、突泥、坍塌等灾害。为了提升富水破碎围岩的稳定性,文章在传统水泥基注浆材料基础上,掺入氧化石墨烯和粉煤灰,制备了一种环保高性能的富水破碎带治理注浆材料。结果表明:氧化石墨烯具有超大的比表面积和层状海绵结构,能够吸附在粉煤灰周围,促进粉煤灰发生二次水化反应,同时粉煤灰具有良好的填充功能,在两者的协同作用下,促使注浆材料具有更高的强度、抗渗性和抗离子侵蚀性。通过试验确定了氧化石墨烯的最佳掺量为0.03%,粉煤灰的掺量不宜过高,宜控制在10%~20%;复掺氧化石墨烯和粉煤灰的新型注浆材料相比传统水泥基注浆材料,取芯率提升了23%,平均抗压强度提升了38.1%,能够对富水破碎带围岩起到较好的治理加固作用。

胜红蓟化感物质之间相互作用的研究

通过柱层析从胜红蓟挥发油中分离出早熟素Ｉ、早熟素Ｉ、子丁香烯、３，３－二甲基－５－特丁基茚酮、红没药烯、乙酸葑醇酯等６种主要化感物质（占挥发油总量的９７％），并研究了这些化感物质在挥发、淋溶（饱和水溶液）和土壤降解途径下对萝卜，番茄和绿豆幼苗的化感作用。结果表明：早熟素Ｉ、早熟素Ｉ、３，３－二甲基－５－特丁基茚酮及子丁香烯（挥发途径）虽有较强的化感活性，但均弱于挥发油的化感活性，而子丁香烯（淋溶途径），红没药烯和乙酸葑醇酯则基本无化感活性。但是，早熟素Ｉ和无活性的三个化感物质结合，则表现出强烈的化感活性，说明胜红蓟各化感物质之间存在着明显的协同作用。

高介电常数的聚合物基纳米复合电介质材料

高介电常数的聚合物基电介质材料无论是在电力工程,还是在微电子行业都具有十分重要的作用。研究中主要以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)为基体,以纳米和微米尺度的高介电常数的铁电陶瓷钛酸钡(BT)的前驱体粉末为功能添加组分,采用特殊的工艺制备了高介电常数的聚合物基纳米功能电介质复合材料。研究了制备工艺、添加物含量、以及微米/纳米BT的体积比等因素对复合电介质材料介电性能的影响。发现在无水乙醇中,通过纳米BT与PVDF颗粒之间强烈的吸附作用以及热模压工艺,可以制备高度分散性的BT/PVDF纳米复合材料。同时通过合理的组合微米/纳米BT的体积比,在BT同样的体积含量时,微米/纳米BT的共混物对复合材料介电性能的提高有明显协同效应。利用该效应可以制备介电常数高的聚合物基电介质材料。

二斑叶螨对甲氰菊酯和螺螨酯的抗性选育及增效剂的增效作用

[目的]探索二斑叶螨对甲氰菊酯和螺螨酯种群的抗性机理和抗性治理途径。[方法]采用室内生物测定法,以采自兰州兴隆山自然保护区的二斑叶螨为敏感种群(S),在室内用甲氰菊酯和螺螨酯分别对二斑叶螨进行抗性选育;用增效醚(PBO)、顺丁烯二酸二乙酯(DEM)、磷酸三甲苯酯(TPP)、有机硅、噻酮进行增效作用研究。[结果]二斑叶螨经室内甲氰菊酯和螺螨酯抗性选育45代和30代后,抗性倍数分别达到314.50倍和77.92倍。TPP、PBO、DEM 3种增效剂对二斑叶螨抗甲氰菊酯种群的抗敏增效比分别为12.15、7.78和3.09,推测其抗性机理涉及的主要解毒酶是羧酸酯酶和多功能氧化酶;DEM对二斑叶螨抗螺螨酯种群的抗敏增效比大于TPP和PBO,分别为4.87、3.67和1.91,二斑叶螨对螺螨酯产生抗性机理可能与谷胱甘肽转移酶和羧酸酯酶活性增强有关。有机硅和噻酮对二斑叶螨抗甲氰菊酯和螺螨酯种群的抗敏增效指数比分别为1.38、1.42和1.18、0.92,说明二斑叶螨的抗性与表皮通透性改变关系不密切。[结论]上述结果可以为二斑叶螨的抗性治理提供依据。

表面活性剂复配在三次采油中的应用

表面活性剂是制约三次采油技术发展的关键因素。将油水界面张力降低到10-3mN/m数量级、在岩石上吸附量小、与电解质和聚合物配伍性好、热稳定性和水溶液的化学稳定性好、成本低,是高效驱油用表面活性剂的发展方向。不同表面活性剂复配可产生协同增效作用,可提高表面活性剂体系的性能和对不同油水条件的适应性,降低表面活性剂用量和成本,提高复合驱的经济性。表面活性剂复配时应注意:①阳离子表面活性剂易与带负电的油层和聚丙烯酰胺等聚合物发生电中和作用,而造成吸附损失和沉淀损失,因此阳离子表面活性剂的选择和使用应慎重;②避免复配体系中各表面活性剂在应用中出现色谱分离;③同类表面活性剂复配协同效应小,但可弥补单一表面活性剂性能的不足。适合弱碱和无碱的表面活性剂复配体系以及生物表面活性剂是未来表面活性剂复配技术的研发方向。

常用杀菌剂及其混剂对芒果炭疽病菌的毒力测定

采用生长速率法测定10种常用杀菌剂对芒果炭疽病菌的毒力。结果表明:45%咪鲜胺EW对芒果炭疽病菌生长的抑制作用最强,其EC50值为0.01mg/L;40%氟硅唑EC、25%丙环唑EC、95%苯醚甲环唑TC、50%扑海因WP的抑制作用相对较强,其EC50值范围为0.03～0.81mg/L;96%睛菌唑TC、15%三唑酮WP、96%百菌清TC、30%醚菌酯WP的抑制作用较小,其EC50值范围为4～65.2mg/L;50%代森锰锌WP抑制作用最小,其EC50值为105.0mg/L;采用Horsfall法,将8个组合进行混配,咪鲜胺与三唑酮的混配中,其各个配比的毒力指数均大于1,于6∶4的配比达到最大,毒力指数为1.2,共毒系数(CTC)为166.61大于100,具有明显的增效作用;其余7组混配组合均没有增效作用。