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Arctic Sea Ice Variations in the First Half of the 20th Century:A New Reconstruction Based on Hydrometeorological Data 被引量:1
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作者 Vladimir A.SEMENOV Tatiana A.ALDONINA +2 位作者 Fei LI Noel Sebastian KEENLYSIDE Lin WANG 《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第8期1483-1495,1686-1693,共21页
The shrinking Arctic sea-ice area(SIA) in recent decades is a striking manifestation of the ongoing climate change.Variations of the Arctic sea ice have been continuously observed by satellites since 1979, relatively ... The shrinking Arctic sea-ice area(SIA) in recent decades is a striking manifestation of the ongoing climate change.Variations of the Arctic sea ice have been continuously observed by satellites since 1979, relatively well monitored since the 1950s, but are highly uncertain in the earlier period due to a lack of observations. Several reconstructions of the historical gridded sea-ice concentration(SIC) data were recently presented based on synthesized regional sea-ice observations or by applying a hybrid model–empirical approach. Here, we present an SIC reconstruction for the period1901–2019 based on established co-variability between SIC and surface air temperature, sea surface temperature, and sea level pressure patterns. The reconstructed sea-ice data for March and September are compared to the frequently used Had ISST1.1 and SIBT1850 datasets. Our reconstruction shows a large decrease in SIA from the 1920 to 1940 concurrent with the Early 20th Century Warming event in the Arctic. Such a negative SIA anomaly is absent in Had ISST1.1 data. The amplitude of the SIA anomaly reaches about 0.8 mln km^(2) in March and 1.5 mln km^(2) in September. The anomaly is about three times stronger than that in the SIBT1850 dataset. The larger decrease in SIA in September is largely due to the stronger SIC reduction in the western sector of the Arctic Ocean in the 70°–80°N latitudinal zone. Our reconstruction provides gridded monthly data that can be used as boundary conditions for atmospheric reanalyses and model experiments to study the Arctic climate for the first half of the 20th century. 展开更多
关键词 Arctic sea ice Arctic climate early 20th century warming climate variability
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Women in the Musical Culture of Danzig in the First Half of the 20th Century
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作者 Joanna Schiller-Rydzewska 《Cultural and Religious Studies》 2023年第1期1-8,共8页
The musical culture of pre-war Danzig/Gdansk remains an area that is not well enough recognized in the scholarly literature.Numerous traces of this musical life are preserved in the collections of the Gdansk Library o... The musical culture of pre-war Danzig/Gdansk remains an area that is not well enough recognized in the scholarly literature.Numerous traces of this musical life are preserved in the collections of the Gdansk Library of the Polish Academy of Sciences.The collection ranges from scholarly publications and scores to an extensive number of concert programs and posters.The collection testifies to the dynamism and diversity of the city’s pre-war musical life.Notable among the collected materials is the role of female figures-composers,singers,and instrumentalists who made significant contributions to the shape of Gdansk musical life.In this article,I will present forgotten profiles of musically committed women:Martha Reincke,Ella Mertins,and Lotte Prins.In light of the surviving materials,it can be assumed that they were significant figures in the musical culture and social life of the city. 展开更多
关键词 20th century music in Gdansk/Danzig women in musical culture Gdansk Library musical culture of Gdansk/Danzig
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Restoring 20th Century Architecture:Few Words about a Possible Theory
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作者 Susanna Caccia Gherardini 《Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture》 2023年第11期536-538,共3页
The restoration of twentieth-century architecture has led the discipline to develop a solid theory which,considering the complexity of new issues to be resolved,can provide useful instruments,above all critical ones,f... The restoration of twentieth-century architecture has led the discipline to develop a solid theory which,considering the complexity of new issues to be resolved,can provide useful instruments,above all critical ones,for operational practice. 展开更多
关键词 20th century architecture restoration PRESERVATION HERITAGE
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Local Identity in Palestine in the Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries--- Challenging Dominant Methodologies
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作者 Menachem Klein 《International Relations and Diplomacy》 2014年第8期533-542,共10页
By using top-down methods, periodizing exclusively along the Arab-Zionist conflict and basing on either Hebrew or Arab primary sources, leading scholars tend to ignore the existence of popular local identity shared by... By using top-down methods, periodizing exclusively along the Arab-Zionist conflict and basing on either Hebrew or Arab primary sources, leading scholars tend to ignore the existence of popular local identity shared by Jews and Arabs in center Palestine during late 19th-early 20th century. To explore this identity this paper suggests using history from below methods i.e. history of average citizens that looks into many individual's multi-dimensional life-experiences, particularly in Palestine mix areas, and based it on both Hebrew and Arabic sources. Through history from below this paper shows that joint Jewish-Arab local identity prevailed prior to the establishment of Jewish or Palestinian national movement and afterwards existed along with them till it was defeated by the escalating national conflict. 展开更多
关键词 Palestine nationalism local identity Palestine Jews history from below history methods late 19th andearly 20th century Palestine
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20(S/R)-人参皂苷Rg_3的制备及调节Th1/Th2免疫失衡活性 被引量:13
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作者 刘迎 陈妍心 +4 位作者 吴谦 黎鹏 李绪文 时晓磊 金永日 《高等学校化学学报》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2018年第11期2419-2424,共6页
采用醋酸溶液作为提取溶剂,使西洋参叶中的二醇组人参皂苷在提取过程中发生降解,从而直接获得20(S)-人参皂苷Rg_3和20(R)-人参皂苷Rg_3,并对其调节Th1/Th2免疫失衡活性进行了研究.正交实验结果表明,当醋酸浓度为50%(体积分数),提取温度... 采用醋酸溶液作为提取溶剂,使西洋参叶中的二醇组人参皂苷在提取过程中发生降解,从而直接获得20(S)-人参皂苷Rg_3和20(R)-人参皂苷Rg_3,并对其调节Th1/Th2免疫失衡活性进行了研究.正交实验结果表明,当醋酸浓度为50%(体积分数),提取温度为80℃,提取时间为1 h时,20(S)-人参皂苷Rg_3和20(R)-人参皂苷Rg_3的转化率最高,分别为12. 30%和14. 80%.将20(S)-人参皂苷Rg_3和20(R)-人参皂苷Rg_3处理后的朗格汉斯状树突细胞(LDCs)分别作用于小鼠抗原诱导的Th1/Th2免疫失衡模型,发现细胞上层清液中IL-4的水平均显著降低,说明20(S)-人参皂苷Rg_3和20(R)-人参皂苷Rg_3对小鼠Th1/Th2免疫失衡具有调节作用.本文不仅建立了一种制备20(S)-人参皂苷Rg_3和20(R)-人参皂苷Rg_3的新方法,也为人参皂苷Rg_3在免疫系统疾病中的应用提供了新的科学依据. 展开更多
关键词 降解 提取 20(S/R)-人参皂苷Rg3 th1/th2免疫失衡
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Progress in China's climate change study in the 20th century 被引量:21
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作者 翟盘茂 巢清尘 邹旭恺 《Journal of Geographical Sciences》 SCIE CSCD 2004年第z1期3-11,共9页
Studies on the 20th century climate change in China have revealed that under the background of global warming over the past century, climate in China has also experienced significant change with mean annual temperatur... Studies on the 20th century climate change in China have revealed that under the background of global warming over the past century, climate in China has also experienced significant change with mean annual temperature increased by about 0.5 oC. More reliable results for the latter part of the 20th century indicate that the largest warming occurred in Northwest China, North China and Northeast China, and the warming in winter is most significant. Although no obvious increase or decrease trends were detected for mean precipitation over China in the past half century, regional differences are very distinct. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, precipitation increased, while that in the Yellow River Basin markedly decreased. Studies suggest that climate change in China seems to be related not only with the internal factors such as ENSO, PDO, and the others, but also with the anthropogenic effects such as greenhouse gas emissions, and land use. The future climate change studies in China seem to be important in narrowing understanding the nature of China's climate change and its main causes, since it is significant for projection and for impact assessment of climate change in the future. 展开更多
关键词 20th century climate change China
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Landscape pattern dynamics of water body in Kaifeng city in the 20th century 被引量:5
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作者 CAOXinxiang DINGShengyan 《Journal of Geographical Sciences》 SCIE CSCD 2005年第1期106-114,共9页
Landscape spatial pattern mainly refers to the distribution of patches, which are different in size and shape in space owing to the interaction of various ecological activities. In landscape ecology study, landscape p... Landscape spatial pattern mainly refers to the distribution of patches, which are different in size and shape in space owing to the interaction of various ecological activities. In landscape ecology study, landscape pattern has been one of the key study areas. Water body landscape plays an important role in the development history of a city, but at present city water body landscape in many cities has been destroyed, hence protecting water body in the city is becoming more and more important. In order to protect city water body landscape reasonably, the precondition is to probe the dynamics of water body landscape. Based on historical data and remote sensing data, six indexes including patch number, patch area, landscape dominance index, fractal dimension, patch density and connectivity index etc. were used to analyze landscape pattern dynamics of water body in Kaifeng city since the end of the Qing Dynasty (in the 20th century). The results showed: (1) Since the end of the Qing Dynasty, landscape area of water body in Kaifeng city increased first and then decreased from 1898 to 2002AD; the landscape dominant degree had the same changing tendency with the area. (2) Patch number of water body landscape in Kaifeng city had an increase from 1898 to 2002, but maximum area of patch, minimum area of patch and average area of patch decreased, which resulted in an increase in landscape fragment degree. (3) Connectivity index decreased and fractal dimension increased from 1898 to 2002. The reasons for these changes were the repeated overflows and flooding of the Yellow River and the influence of human activities. 展开更多
关键词 landscape pattern water body DYNAMICS Kaifeng city the early 20th century
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Precipitation Changes in Wet and Dry Seasons over the 20th Century Simulated by Two Versions of the FGOALS Model 被引量:3
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作者 MA Shuangmei ZHOU Tianjun 《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2015年第6期839-854,共16页
Seasonal precipitation changes over the globe during the 20th century simulated by two versions of the Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System (FGOALS) model are assessed. The two model versions differ in terms... Seasonal precipitation changes over the globe during the 20th century simulated by two versions of the Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System (FGOALS) model are assessed. The two model versions differ in terms of their AGCM component, but the remaining parts of the system are almost identical. Both models reasonably reproduce the mean-state features of the timings of the wet and dry seasons and related precipitation amounts, with pattern correlation coefficients of 0.65-0.84 with observations. Globally averaged seasonal precipitation changes are analyzed. The results show that wet sea- sons get wetter and the annual range (precipitation difference between wet and dry seasons) increases during the 20th century in the two models, with positive trends covering most parts of the globe, which is consistent with observations. However, both models show a moistening dry season, which is opposite to observations. Analysis of the globally averaged moisture budget in the historical climate simulations of the two models shows little change in the horizontal moisture advection in both the wet and dry seasons. The globally averaged seasonal precipitation changes are mainly dominated by the changes in evaporation and vertical moisture advection. Evaporation and vertical moisture advection combine to make wet seasons wetter and enhance the annual range. In the dry season, the opposite change of evaporation and vertical moisture advection leads to an insignificant change in precipitation. Vertical moisture advection is the most important term that determines the changes in precipitation, wherein the thermodynamic component is dominant and the dynamic component tends to offset the effect of the thermodynamic component. 展开更多
关键词 20th century historical climate simulation FGOALS-g2 FGOALS-s2 wet season dry season precipitation change water vapor budget diagnosis
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Changes of Air–sea Coupling in the North Atlantic over the 20th Century 被引量:2
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作者 YANG Yun WU Lixin 《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2015年第4期445-456,共12页
Changes of air–sea coupling in the North Atlantic Ocean over the 20 th century are investigated using reanalysis data,climate model simulations, and observational data. It is found that the ocean-to-atmosphere feedba... Changes of air–sea coupling in the North Atlantic Ocean over the 20 th century are investigated using reanalysis data,climate model simulations, and observational data. It is found that the ocean-to-atmosphere feedback over the North Atlantic is significantly intensified in the second half of the 20 th century. This coupled feedback is characterized by the association between the summer North Atlantic Horseshoe(NAH) SST anomalies and the following winter North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO). The intensification is likely associated with the enhancement of the North Atlantic storm tracks as well as the NAH SST anomalies. Our study also reveals that most IPCC AR4 climate models fail to capture the observed NAO/NAH coupled feedback. 展开更多
关键词 air–sea coupling climate change North Atlantic Ocean 20th century
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On Chinese Image of American Literature in the 20^(th) Century
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作者 Wang Ting Wang Jian 《学术界》 CSSCI 北大核心 2014年第5期267-272,共6页
Due to the influence and control of many factors such as geographical location and historical conditions,many of the 20thCentury American literature works portray distorted Chinese image different from reality. In Ame... Due to the influence and control of many factors such as geographical location and historical conditions,many of the 20thCentury American literature works portray distorted Chinese image different from reality. In American literature,China doesn't exist as a real country with a geographical location,but it exists in a virtual space in the world composed of cultural imagination. Literature is the reflected thought that can accommodate numerous social fields,and American literature can mostly reflect the overall cognition of different fields for Chinese image. This paper analyzes the characterization and cognition of Chinese image in the20thCentury American literature works,understanding the history and features of Chinese image in the 20thCentury American literature works,in order to obtain the enlightenment of how to better establish Chinese image. 展开更多
关键词 文学作品 形象特征 中国人 美国 地理位置 虚拟空间 特征和 历史
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Briefing of the Research on the Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons in Soviet Russia in the 20th Century
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作者 LI Yi-jin 《Journal of Literature and Art Studies》 2018年第5期714-728,共15页
The study of Dragon-Carving and the Literary Mind in Russia began around 1918.The Chapter“Tracing the origin of the Dao”translated by B.M.Alexeyev,the founder of modern Russian Sinology,is the earliest Russian trans... The study of Dragon-Carving and the Literary Mind in Russia began around 1918.The Chapter“Tracing the origin of the Dao”translated by B.M.Alexeyev,the founder of modern Russian Sinology,is the earliest Russian translation of this book.He proposed a lot of problems inspiring future generations to think about,standardizing the direction for the future researchers of“Dragon Study”in Soviet Russia.L.D.Bozdneeva’s textbook Medieval Eastern Literature(1970),K.I.Grekina’s Monograph Chinese Literary Theory in the Early19-20th century(1971),V.A.K'ri'vzo'v’s paper Discussion on Liu Xie’s Aesthetic Views(1978),I.S.Lisevich’s Monograph Ideology of Chinese Literature at the Turn of the Ancient and the Middle Ages(1979),and Li Fuqing’s paper published after the dissolution of the Soviet Union,Genre of Chinese Medieval Literature(1994),have made a useful discussion of the concept and terminology,literary theory and aesthetic ideology of the Dragon-Carving and the Literary Mind.In the monograph Tai Chi:the Global Model in Chinese Literature and Culture in the 1-13th Century,published by K.I.Gorekina in 1995,Dragon-Carving and Literary Mind was interpreted by universe ontology,which reflects the rising of new academic trend in the research of“Dragon Study”in Russia.In recent years,young talents begin to join in Russian Dragon-Carving and Literary Mind research,and doctoral thesis focused on it have been published,showing a good situation that this research has qualified successors. 展开更多
关键词 20th century Russia the Soviet Union Dragon-Carving and the LITERARY MIND Review
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When History Becomes A Standing Joke:Mo Yan's Reflection on China's Historical Changes Throughout the 20th Century
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作者 ZHANG Yong YANG Fang 《Journal of Literature and Art Studies》 2017年第7期783-791,共9页
Since the end of the 20th century, Mo Yan has made an attempt to reflect on China's historical changes throughout the 20th century as a whole. Centered on such several novels as Big Breasts and Wide Hips, Life and De... Since the end of the 20th century, Mo Yan has made an attempt to reflect on China's historical changes throughout the 20th century as a whole. Centered on such several novels as Big Breasts and Wide Hips, Life and Death Are Wearing Me Out and Frog, this paper explores the author's thinking of the interruption and repetition phenomena in China's 20th century history. Differing from viewing the history in a modem linear progressive perspective, Mo Yan regards the interruption of history as a sign of human degradation, which derives from the loss of folk history subjectivity. When history is treated rudely, its repetition will occur, and the one who treats history as laughingstocks will be written into history as part of a "farce". 展开更多
关键词 Mo Yan the 20th century interruption of history repetition of history
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Book Review of The Medical Empire in 20th Century American Literature
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作者 JIANG Jian-song 《Journal of Literature and Art Studies》 2020年第11期989-991,共3页
As a book review of Medicine Empire in American Literature of the 20th Century by Jiang Tianping’s team, thispaper provides an examination of the developing process of the western medicine’s interaction with the imp... As a book review of Medicine Empire in American Literature of the 20th Century by Jiang Tianping’s team, thispaper provides an examination of the developing process of the western medicine’s interaction with the imperialpolitics in the 20th century. It points out that the book has made a great contribution to the interdisciplinary research,medical research, especially western colonialism research. 展开更多
关键词 American literature in the 20th century MEDICINE EMPIRE
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Health Technology and U.S. Medicare Policy in the Late 20th Century
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作者 Randall E. Basham 《History Research》 2016年第4期192-204,共13页
Much of the history of the American Social Welfare movement has been directed to the identification and development of entitlement programs needed to strengthen the health and economy of even the neediest members of t... Much of the history of the American Social Welfare movement has been directed to the identification and development of entitlement programs needed to strengthen the health and economy of even the neediest members of the society. The emergence of health technologies have precipitated and supported policy advances. The Medicare Act (Title XVIII the United States Social Security Act of 1935) as such an entitlement program, was originally directed to resolving the health coverage concerns of the elderly without families or finances to afford coverage. The program entered crises periods over rising costs and continuity of funding concerns. Many have been assisted, in the U.S., in addition to the aged population, by the development of Medicare entitlements. These entitlements have emerged during periods of social need often accompanied by health technology or service delivery innovation. The program benefits more than its constituents and contributes to the health of the overall society. This paper will provide both a historical overview of the conflicts and uncertainties weathered by the Medicare Act in the later quarter of the 20th Century in the U.S. (United States of America). The paper will also explore the implications of changes in the technology of federal and state funding mechanisms along with demographic changes that offered the greatest challenges to the continuation of the Medicare Act as a mainstay of stable health coverage to millions of needy Americans, into the 21st century. 展开更多
关键词 health technology U.S. medicare policy 20th century
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20th Century China Through Maugham’s Eyes
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作者 ZHOU LIN 《China Today》 2018年第9期51-51,共1页
TO break cultural barriers is to shorten distances between hearts. Along with the times, the Westerners’ understanding of China has changed, which is also refected in literature. Foreigners who traveled around China... TO break cultural barriers is to shorten distances between hearts. Along with the times, the Westerners’ understanding of China has changed, which is also refected in literature. Foreigners who traveled around China and wrote about the Chinese from their own perspectives and cultures created a quan-tity of literary works about China on their return. 展开更多
关键词 20th century China through Maugham’s Eyes
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Hong Kong's Culture in the 20th Century
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《China Today》 1997年第8期30-33,共4页
关键词 Hong Kong’s Culture in the 20th century In
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Snapshots of the 20th Century
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作者 Sceneshes life over the past 100 years.By LUO XI 《China Today》 1999年第1期26-29,共4页
Thispicturefromthecentury'sfirstdecadeshowsthreegenerationsofafamilyfromYantaiinShandongProvince.Thethen-smallcityofYantaiopeneditsdoorsin1861andforabinebecamethebustestPOrtinthecountry.Foreigndepartmentstoresopen... Thispicturefromthecentury'sfirstdecadeshowsthreegenerationsofafamilyfromYantaiinShandongProvince.Thethen-smallcityofYantaiopeneditsdoorsin1861andforabinebecamethebustestPOrtinthecountry.Foreigndepartmentstoresopenedandforeignproducts,includingphotogr... 展开更多
关键词 Snapshots of the 20th century
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The 20th Congress and 68th Annual Meeting of International Commission on Large Dams (ICOLD) will be held on 14-20 September 2000 in Beijing in China
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《Electricity》 2000年第1期56-56,共1页
关键词 will be held on 14-20 September 2000 in Beijing in China ICOLD the 20th Congress and 68th Annual Meeting of International Commission on Large Dams
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The 20th Century Chinese Oil Painting Exhibition
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《China & The World Cultural Exchange》 2001年第1期42-43,共2页
关键词 the 20th century Chinese Oil Painting Exhibition
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China:Major Events of the 20th Century
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作者 By staff reporter LUO XI 《China Today》 1999年第1期30-30,共1页
Aggtwa$14nofAllfi4dAtrol'aInthes4tythetopf19001Britain,FtghcelGimany,JapanstheUnitalStates,Italy,AustriaandRue$1afO-dopfghjtpj4y4deChin4.aamadvancedtoBeijingandThajgi44d4tthe^atofffreS<UitygehVbysl"OnAUgu$... Aggtwa$14nofAllfi4dAtrol'aInthes4tythetopf19001Britain,FtghcelGimany,JapanstheUnitalStates,Italy,AustriaandRue$1afO-dopfghjtpj4y4deChin4.aamadvancedtoBeijingandThajgi44d4tthe^atofffreS<UitygehVbysl"OnAUgu$t144thepo$$1twMJagop6s(l((upi(4B<ijipg,They(... 展开更多
关键词 China:Major Events of the 20th century
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