Jihong is a variation bred by Shijiazhuang Pomology Institute of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences. The fruit is big,average fruit weight is234 g,the largest is 500 g. The fruit skin is thick red, eas...Jihong is a variation bred by Shijiazhuang Pomology Institute of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences. The fruit is big,average fruit weight is234 g,the largest is 500 g. The fruit skin is thick red, easy coloring and the coloring index is 95%. The flesh is crisp, juicy,and moderate sweet-sour taste. The soluble solid content is 16.0%,and it has good qualities,high and stable yield. It is mature at the end of October.展开更多
Apples are a nutritious food source with significant amounts of polyphenols that contribute to human health and wellbeing,primarily as dietary antioxidants.Although numerous pre-and post-harvest factors can affect the...Apples are a nutritious food source with significant amounts of polyphenols that contribute to human health and wellbeing,primarily as dietary antioxidants.Although numerous pre-and post-harvest factors can affect the composition of polyphenols in apples,genetics is presumed to play a major role because polyphenol concentration varies dramatically among apple cultivars.Here we investigated the genetic architecture of apple polyphenols by combining high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)data with~100,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)from two diverse apple populations.We found that polyphenols can vary in concentration by up to two orders of magnitude across cultivars,and that this dramatic variation was often predictable using genetic markers and frequently controlled by a small number of large effect genetic loci.Using GWAS,we identified candidate genes for the production of quercitrin,epicatechin,catechin,chlorogenic acid,4-O-caffeoylquinic acid and procyanidins B1,B2,and C1.Our observation that a relatively simple genetic architecture underlies the dramatic variation of key polyphenols in apples suggests that breeders may be able to improve the nutritional value of apples through markerassisted breeding or gene editing.展开更多
The apple(Malus×domestica Borkh.)is one of the world’s most widely grown and valuable fruit crops.With demand for apples year round,storability has emerged as an important consideration for apple breeding progra...The apple(Malus×domestica Borkh.)is one of the world’s most widely grown and valuable fruit crops.With demand for apples year round,storability has emerged as an important consideration for apple breeding programs.Soft scald is a cold storage-related disorder that results in sunken,darkened tissue on the fruit surface.Apple breeders are keen to generate new cultivars that do not suffer from soft scald and can thus be marketed year round.Traditional breeding approaches are protracted and labor intensive,and therefore marker-assisted selection(MAS)is a valuable tool for breeders.To advance MAS for storage disorders in apple,we used genotyping-by-sequencing(GBS)to generate high-density genetic maps in two F1 apple populations,which were then used for quantitative trait locus(QTL)mapping of soft scald.In total,900 million DNA sequence reads were generated,but after several data filtering steps,only 2%of reads were ultimately used to create two genetic maps that included 1918 and 2818 single-nucleotide polymorphisms.Two QTL associated with soft scald were identified in one of the bi-parental populations originating from parent 11W-12-11,an advanced breeding line.This study demonstrates the utility of next-generation DNA sequencing technologies for QTL mapping in F1 populations,and provides a basis for the advancement of MAS to improve storability of apples.展开更多
Knowledge of the genotypes for the self-incompatibility locus(S-locus)in apple varieties and in genotypes being used as parents is critical for breeding and commercial production.We present a high-throughput set of mo...Knowledge of the genotypes for the self-incompatibility locus(S-locus)in apple varieties and in genotypes being used as parents is critical for breeding and commercial production.We present a high-throughput set of molecular markers for the identification of 13 common S-RNase alleles(S_(1),S_(2),S_(3),S_(5),S_(7),S_(8),S_(9),S_(10),S_(20),S_(2)3,S_(24),S_(25)and S_(28).This set is composed of seven allele-specific quantitative PCR-based High-Resolution Melting assays and four multi-allelic SSR markers.Validation of these markers was performed using 86 apple accessions,including cultivars with known S-genotypes and recent commercial varieties arising from the Plant&Food Research(PFR)cultivar breeding programme.We also characterized the S-genotypes of 183 genotypes representing some of the most valuable parents within PFR’s cultivar breeding programme.The results of this work demonstrate the practical usefulness of this marker set to provide accurate cross-compatibility information to optimise choice of pollenisers in commercial apple orchard design,and to identify compatible parents and guide parental selection when executing apple breeding programmes,to optimise fruit crop yield and quality.展开更多
Apple(Malus × domestica) is largely known for polyphenolic and antioxidant properties; however, systematic investigation in the apple growing in the Indian Himalayan region is not carried out. The present study t...Apple(Malus × domestica) is largely known for polyphenolic and antioxidant properties; however, systematic investigation in the apple growing in the Indian Himalayan region is not carried out. The present study therefore, attempts to quantify polyphenolics and antioxidant activities in three traditional apple cultivars namely 'Benoni', 'Fanny' and 'Rymer' growing at different locations of Uttarakhand(west Himalaya), India.Results revealed that phenolic(0.94–7.00 mg GAE·g^(-1)FW), flavonoid(1.02–9.86 mg QE·g^(-1)FW), flavonol(0.77–6.92 mg CE·g^(-1) FW), tannin(15.49–37.99 mg TAE·g^(-1) FW) and antioxidant activity(ABTS, 3.10–67.36; DPPH, 4.99–14.06; FRAP, 4.70–39.21 mmol AAE·kg^(-1)FW) varied significantly among the cultivars and maximum content was recorded in Rymer fruits of Mukhwa location. Altitude showed significant(P < 0.05) positive relationship with total phenolic(r = 0.895), flavonoid(r = 0.843), flavonol(r = 0.812), ABTS(r = 0.856) and FRAP activity(r = 0.830). Based on the results, it is concluded that among three cultivars, Rymer is one of the most promising sources of polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity and therefore, recommended for mass plantation at suitable locations in Uttarakhand for harnessing maximum potential.展开更多
基金Supported by Hebei Science and Technology Plan Project(13226803D,13226817D)~~
文摘Jihong is a variation bred by Shijiazhuang Pomology Institute of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences. The fruit is big,average fruit weight is234 g,the largest is 500 g. The fruit skin is thick red, easy coloring and the coloring index is 95%. The flesh is crisp, juicy,and moderate sweet-sour taste. The soluble solid content is 16.0%,and it has good qualities,high and stable yield. It is mature at the end of October.
基金supported in part by funding from the Canada Research Chairs program(SM),the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(SM),and A-Base funding(NOI-1767)from Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada(JS).ZM was supported by NSF 1546869.
文摘Apples are a nutritious food source with significant amounts of polyphenols that contribute to human health and wellbeing,primarily as dietary antioxidants.Although numerous pre-and post-harvest factors can affect the composition of polyphenols in apples,genetics is presumed to play a major role because polyphenol concentration varies dramatically among apple cultivars.Here we investigated the genetic architecture of apple polyphenols by combining high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)data with~100,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)from two diverse apple populations.We found that polyphenols can vary in concentration by up to two orders of magnitude across cultivars,and that this dramatic variation was often predictable using genetic markers and frequently controlled by a small number of large effect genetic loci.Using GWAS,we identified candidate genes for the production of quercitrin,epicatechin,catechin,chlorogenic acid,4-O-caffeoylquinic acid and procyanidins B1,B2,and C1.Our observation that a relatively simple genetic architecture underlies the dramatic variation of key polyphenols in apples suggests that breeders may be able to improve the nutritional value of apples through markerassisted breeding or gene editing.
基金This project was funded by the A-Base research(NOI-1238)of Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaThis research was also supported in part by funding from the Canada Research Chairs program(SM)and the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(SM,KM).
文摘The apple(Malus×domestica Borkh.)is one of the world’s most widely grown and valuable fruit crops.With demand for apples year round,storability has emerged as an important consideration for apple breeding programs.Soft scald is a cold storage-related disorder that results in sunken,darkened tissue on the fruit surface.Apple breeders are keen to generate new cultivars that do not suffer from soft scald and can thus be marketed year round.Traditional breeding approaches are protracted and labor intensive,and therefore marker-assisted selection(MAS)is a valuable tool for breeders.To advance MAS for storage disorders in apple,we used genotyping-by-sequencing(GBS)to generate high-density genetic maps in two F1 apple populations,which were then used for quantitative trait locus(QTL)mapping of soft scald.In total,900 million DNA sequence reads were generated,but after several data filtering steps,only 2%of reads were ultimately used to create two genetic maps that included 1918 and 2818 single-nucleotide polymorphisms.Two QTL associated with soft scald were identified in one of the bi-parental populations originating from parent 11W-12-11,an advanced breeding line.This study demonstrates the utility of next-generation DNA sequencing technologies for QTL mapping in F1 populations,and provides a basis for the advancement of MAS to improve storability of apples.
文摘Knowledge of the genotypes for the self-incompatibility locus(S-locus)in apple varieties and in genotypes being used as parents is critical for breeding and commercial production.We present a high-throughput set of molecular markers for the identification of 13 common S-RNase alleles(S_(1),S_(2),S_(3),S_(5),S_(7),S_(8),S_(9),S_(10),S_(20),S_(2)3,S_(24),S_(25)and S_(28).This set is composed of seven allele-specific quantitative PCR-based High-Resolution Melting assays and four multi-allelic SSR markers.Validation of these markers was performed using 86 apple accessions,including cultivars with known S-genotypes and recent commercial varieties arising from the Plant&Food Research(PFR)cultivar breeding programme.We also characterized the S-genotypes of 183 genotypes representing some of the most valuable parents within PFR’s cultivar breeding programme.The results of this work demonstrate the practical usefulness of this marker set to provide accurate cross-compatibility information to optimise choice of pollenisers in commercial apple orchard design,and to identify compatible parents and guide parental selection when executing apple breeding programmes,to optimise fruit crop yield and quality.
基金Partial financial support from Department of Biotechnology, India (Project Nos BT/PR11040/PBD/ 16/812/2008)In-house Project No. 10 (GBPIHED)
文摘Apple(Malus × domestica) is largely known for polyphenolic and antioxidant properties; however, systematic investigation in the apple growing in the Indian Himalayan region is not carried out. The present study therefore, attempts to quantify polyphenolics and antioxidant activities in three traditional apple cultivars namely 'Benoni', 'Fanny' and 'Rymer' growing at different locations of Uttarakhand(west Himalaya), India.Results revealed that phenolic(0.94–7.00 mg GAE·g^(-1)FW), flavonoid(1.02–9.86 mg QE·g^(-1)FW), flavonol(0.77–6.92 mg CE·g^(-1) FW), tannin(15.49–37.99 mg TAE·g^(-1) FW) and antioxidant activity(ABTS, 3.10–67.36; DPPH, 4.99–14.06; FRAP, 4.70–39.21 mmol AAE·kg^(-1)FW) varied significantly among the cultivars and maximum content was recorded in Rymer fruits of Mukhwa location. Altitude showed significant(P < 0.05) positive relationship with total phenolic(r = 0.895), flavonoid(r = 0.843), flavonol(r = 0.812), ABTS(r = 0.856) and FRAP activity(r = 0.830). Based on the results, it is concluded that among three cultivars, Rymer is one of the most promising sources of polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity and therefore, recommended for mass plantation at suitable locations in Uttarakhand for harnessing maximum potential.
