Analysis of the Influencing Factors of Changes in Foxtail Millet Planting Area in Hebei Province

Since reform and open to the outside world,foxtail millet planting area in Hebei Province has constantly reduced,and its planting region has changed from the whole province into some regions,with obvious changes. In this paper,by using qualitative and quantitative approaches like chart analysis,summarizing,Delphi method and osculating value model,the influencing factors of changes in millet growing region in Hebei Province were studied. The results showed that the changes of millet planting area were closely related to many factors,such as little investment in scientific research,weak policy support,a single consumer product demand,the rapid development of other staple crops, labor migration,relatively low comparative effectiveness and physiological characteristics of the millet itself. Then some suggestions were put forward,such as increasing research support,strengthening scientific research strength,researching and developing deeply processed products, expanding consumer groups,improving millet policy support,providing subsidies for planting the improved varieties,researching and developing various types of machinery,and increasing millet production technology training.

Analysis on Temporal and Spatial Changes and Driving Forces of Poverty-Stricken Areas in Hebei Province

This paper takes poverty-stricken countyas the basic unit, and selects net income per peasantto study the poverty status in Hebei Province during1986~2000.Temporal and spatial changes of poverty-stricken areas are analyzed. The result shows thatpoverty-stricken areas in Hebei Province distributedconcentratedly and the areas decreased during1986~2000, the net income per peasant was on therise with an increasing speed in off-poverty countiesbeing slightly higher than that in poverty-strickencounties, but the growth rate was extremely unstable,rising slowly in off-poverty counties while droppingin poverty-stricken counties. The main driving forcesthat influenced temporal and spatial changes wereeconomic development of the whole province,ecological environment quality, infrastructureconditions and radiation of the key city. On thisbasis, some anti-poverty countermeasures suitable tolocal conditions are proposed.

Metabasic Dyke Swarms in a High-Grade Metamorphic Terrane——A Case Study in the Taipingzhai-Jinchangyu Area,Eastern Hebei Province

Geological and petrological studies indicate that three phases of metabasic dykes are present in theTaipingzhai-Jinchangyu area within the high-grade metamorphic terrane of eastern Hebei. Garnet andhornblende in metabasic dykes of the second and third phases occur separately, forming two mineral aggregateareas gl+cpx+pl±hy and hb+cpx+pl-hy. P_(H_2O) in the rocks appears to be the main factor controlling theformation of the two aggregate areas. Both were formed simultaneously at the same metamorphic temperature. The second-phase basic dykes underwent metamorphism of pyroxene-granulite facies at a temperature ofsome 825C: later the dykes, together with the third-phase basic dykes experienced metamorphism ofamphibole-granulite facies at a temperature of about 750C under pressure of 0.9GPa.

Effects of Different Modes of Returning Farmland to Forest on Physicochemical Properties of Soil in Bashang Area of Northern Hebei Province

[Objective]The research aimed to understand the change rules of physicochemical properties of soil in the different modes of returning farmland to forest.[Method]The physicochemical properties of soil in three different types of returning farmland to forest(Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.forest,Caragana korshinskii forest and Ulmus pumila L.forest)were analyzed by taking the enclosed grassland as comparison in Bashang area of northern Hebei Province.[Result]The results showed that there were significant differences among different types.Order of the bulk density of soil:H.rhamnoides Linn.forest(1.17 g/cm^3)<U.pumila L.forest(1.24 g/cm^3)<C.korshinskii forest(1.26 g/cm^3)<enclosed grassland(1.61 g/cm^3);order of the total porosity of soil:H.rhamnoides Linn.forest(55.29%)>U.pumila L.forest(52.55%)>C.korshinskii forest(51.93%)<enclosed grassland(38.85%);order of the organic matter content of soil:H.rhamnoides Linn.forest(3.191%)>C.korshinskii forest(3.128%)>U.pumila L.forest(2.804%)>enclosed grassland(2.536%).[Conclusion]After returning farmland to forest,vegetation played a positive role in physicochemical properties of soil.There were significant differences in physicochemical properties of soil among different modes of returning farmland to forest,and the improvement effect of H.rhamnoides Linn.forest on physicochemical properties of soil was the best.

The Analysis of Limitation of Engel's Coefficient——A Case Study of Rural Areas in Hebei Province

On the basis of introducing relevant theories of Engel's coefficient,this paper analyzes the limitation of these theories in practical application currently in China,for example,continuing to use original theory,not in line with reality of China;comparison invalidity in length and breadth,is not conducive to relevant analysis;culling out the special factors easily causes distortion of conclusion.Taking rural areas in Hebei Province as an example,this paper analyzes the limitation of Engel's coefficient in analyzing the gap of rural economy:in terms of region horizontally,Engel's coefficient neglects the difference of consumption structure among regions,and difference of economic stages among regions;in terms of time vertically,Engel's coefficient neglects the periodic change of consumption structure and the ratio change of different families in different periods.According to the reality of China's rural areas,the correction model of Engel's coefficient is established as follows.Firstly,Engel's coefficient=Percentage of expenditure variation(food+ education+ medical service) /Percentage of total expenditure variation;Engel's coefficient=Percentage of expenditure variation(food+ education+ medical service) /Percentage of income variation.Secondly,Engel's coefficient=Percentage of expenditure variation of food/Percentage of variation of(total expenditure educational expenditure-medical expenditure.Thirdly,Engel's coefficient=Percentage of expenditure variation of food/Percentage of total expenditure variation.

Process and mechanism of arable land change in Hebei Province during the past 50 years

Hebei Province is one of the regions with most densely population, fastest economic growth and most intensive land use in China. The contradiction of land shortage sharpened by high-speed economic development with population growth has become a serious problem, which has restricted regional sustainable development.This paper revealed the basic process, regional differences of change and the gravity center of arable land area according to the long-series statistical data of arable land during the past 50 years. On the basis of the above mentioned, the major driving forces that influence the changes of the arable land are discussed. The research results indicate that there is a trend of obvious fluctuating decrease in arable land area during the last 50 years. The changes of arable land area undergo the process from increase to sharp decrease to gently decrease. The regional disparity of change in arable land area is very notable and the gravity center of arable land area moves to the northeast 49.22 km. Regarding the decrease in arable land, the direct driving forces include adjustments of agricultural structure and reclamation, and indirect driving forces include advance in technology, economic interest and population growth etc.

Problems and reconstruction of the development of rural preschool education in Hebei Province

as a part of the socialist education, preschool education is an opportunity for every school age children to have equal access to education. But in the current development of market economy, now rural preschool education appeared a series of problems. In combination with the basic characteristics of rural preschool education in our province, hope the popularity ofpre school education in rural and other areas to achieve the integration of urban and rural areas play a reference

冀北上黄旗地区多金属矿成矿规律与矿产预测

冀北上黄旗地区位于华北地台北缘中段成矿带及兴安太行南段成矿带的相交区域,是华北地区著名的(银)多金属成矿区。本文在综合分析区域成矿地质背景、成矿地质条件、地球物理、地球化学、遥感异常特征及成矿规律的基础上,认为该区具有寻找侵入岩型和陆相火山岩型两大类多金属矿床的有利条件,划分出3条Ⅳ级成矿亚带,圈定成矿远景区10个。其中,A类4处,B类4处,C类2处;并优选出多金属矿找矿靶区7个,A类4个,B类2个,C类1个。

海域资源资产收益管理和分配研究——以河北省为例

健全完善海域资源资产收益管理和分配制度是自然资源资产产权制度改革的关键环节,也是全民所有自然资源资产所有权委托代理机制试点工作的重点内容。文章系统梳理了海域资源资产收益来源、收益形式、收益征收管理和分配现状,并以河北省为例,探讨了当前海域资源资产收益管理与分配中存在的问题:①资产配置以行政手段为主,市场化水平不高;②海域使用金征收标准偏低,资产收益实现形式单一;③资产收益分配不合理,央地财政事权划分不匹配。基于此,文章提出在分级行使海域资源资产所有权模式下完善收益管理和分配制度的对策建议:①深化海域有偿使用制度改革;②完善海域资源资产收益管理路径,合理划分财权事权;③强化预算管理;④建立收益管理成效评价机制。

冀东迁安地区BIF型铁矿地质特征及成因探讨

冀东迁安地区是我国重要的BIF型铁矿集区之一。随着铁矿床开发利用程度的提高,浅部铁矿资源开发殆尽。近年来,多家地勘单位在迁安地区大中型铁矿床深部及外围进行找矿工作,在深部新发现了厚大矿体,取得了找矿突破。虽然勘查取得一定的成果,但相关的铁矿床分布规律及成矿模式未进行过系统的研究,对迁安地区成矿带缺少整体认识。本文系统分析了迁安地区沉积变质型铁矿的成矿地质条件,总结了赋矿地层特征。进行了迁安地区铁矿褶皱构造五级划分,确定三级倒转向斜构造为主要控矿构造。初步厘定了断裂构造为成矿期后的脆性断裂,多对矿体产生破坏和错断;明确了迁安地区铁矿分布在迁安隆起向南西突出的“C”字形边缘弧形褶皱带中,形态受倒转向斜控制。针对迁安部分矿区发现的第二层铁矿体,进行了深、浅部矿体地质特征对比分析,认为海底热液喷气活动具有周期性,原始沉积时形成了多层铁矿层,并经受成矿期后断裂构造改造,形成北高南低的阶梯状地堑赋矿模式。依据多年的勘探成果结合本次研究工作,建立了迁安地区成矿模式,为下一步找矿工作提供了理论支撑。

河北省典型铅锌矿区重金属来源解析及生态风险评价

为揭示河北省典型铅锌矿区重金属来源及生态风险,以河北省某铅锌矿区周边区域为研究对象,通过系统的田间采样采集了156件土壤样品,通过主成分分析(PCA)及正定矩阵因子分解(PMF)模型分析,分析了区域内重金属的来源;运用地累积指数法及潜在生态风险指数法进行了风险评价。研究结果表明,Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Cd,Pb和Hg质量分数平均值分别为53.6,25.7,62.7,692,10.6,1.75,142,0.129 mg/kg,除Cr,Ni和As外,其余5种重金属均处于不同的污染水平,平均值均超河北省土壤背景值,Hg,Cd,Zn,Pb和Cu的变异系数均大于1.75,As的变异系数大于0.5,表明这6种重金属属于高度变异。源解析显示,研究区土壤重金属的主要来源为采矿活动、自然来源、农业活动和金矿冶炼,其中,Pb,Zn和Cd主要源于采矿活动;Cr,Ni主要受自然母质的影响,属于自然来源;Cu主要受农业活动和采矿活动的双重影响;As受自然来源、采矿活动和农业活动三重控制;Hg主要源于金矿冶炼和采矿活动。PCA与PMF模型有机结合、彼此印证,增加了重金属来源解析结果的可信度。研究区存在人为因素引起的Hg和Cd污染,地累积指数和潜在生态风险指数高,生态风险总体属于极高生态风险,需要重点关注并开展治理工作。

冀北山地桦木林土壤细菌群落特征对坡向的响应

为了揭示冀北山地桦木林土壤细菌群落特征对坡向的响应规律,以冀北山地阴坡、半阴坡和半阳坡桦木林土壤为研究对象,采用高通量测序技术,分析了土壤细菌群落结构和多样性。结果表明:细菌群落组成主要包含41门、107纲,其中优势细菌门为变形菌门和酸杆菌门;土壤细菌群落α多样性指数在坡向间存在显著差异,阴坡>半阴坡>半阳坡;土壤含水量、容重、硝态氮和氨态氮均影响细菌微生物群落的结构组成,其中,土壤含水量与多种细菌门存在显著相关性,且与细菌α多样性存在极显著的正相关性。综上所述,不同坡向桦木林土壤细菌群落结构和多样性呈现出一定的变化规律,坡向和土层深度变化引起的土壤含水量变化是该地区桦木林土壤细菌群落结构和多样性差异的主要因素。

基于域—生物群系—功能群分类的生态系统类型识别及时空格局变化分析——以河北省太行山区为例

[目的]科学识别河北省太行山区生态系统类型,是理解河北省太行山区生态系统时空分布格局和支撑生态系统分类管理的基础。[方法]基于域—生物群系—功能群(RBE)的分类原理,构建了包括3个1级,8个2级和24个3级类的生态系统分类体系,并集成多源数据,开展了2000和2020年的河北省太行山区生态系统的分类制图。基于RUSLE模型、InVEST模型和热点分析等方法,分析生态系统服务的时空格局演变。[结果]①河北省太行山区20 a间建设用地生态系统增加最多,主要来自农田生态系统。农田生态系统缩减了61105.95 hm^(2),以雨养农田为主。受人类活动的影响,河流和人工湿地面积分别增加了5584.32和2535.66 hm^(2),而林地和草地生态系统减幅分别为0.96%和8.18%。未利用地生态系统受研究区生态保护措施影响减少5800.68 hm^(2)。②生态系统服务值受生态系统类型分布影响总体呈现西高东低的分布格局,除粮食供给服务为西低东高,主要是由于农田主要分布在东部地区。③冷热点区域空间分布整体上具有重叠性,但仍有差异。[结论]提出的分类体系具有可行性,分类精度达到80%以上,符合研究区的生态系统类型变化趋势,可为识别山区生态系统分类和生态系统保护修复政策提供科学支撑,进而促进山区生态发展目标和可持续发展的实现。

河北省张北地区土壤和莜麦重金属含量及健康风险研究

为探讨河北省张北地区土壤和莜麦中重金属元素含量及健康风险,选择17个适宜采样点进行表层土壤和莜麦籽实样品的采集,通过单因子污染指数法、综合污染指数法和富集系数分别对土壤质量和重金属元素从土壤向莜麦迁移能力进行研究。结果表明:研究区土壤和莜麦中重金属含量远低于国家标准,品质安全健康;区内重金属元素在土壤-莜麦系统中富集能力为Zn>Cu>Ni>Cd>As>Pb>Cr=Hg, Ni、Cu和Zn的富集系数远高于Cr、As、Cd、Hg、Pb, Cd迁移能力很弱,As、Pb几乎不发生迁移,Cr、Hg不发生迁移。

河北省海水养殖业存在的问题与建议

从河北省渔业产业、海水养殖面积、产量、产值等分析对比海水养殖业现状,提出当前存在着基础设施及行业发展落后、疾病防控手段不足、科研力量薄弱、水产动物健康和配合饲料普及率不高、产业结构不合理等问题,并提出相应建议:建立无公害防病及灾害防御机制,研制高效专用配合饲料,加大技术支撑及政策支持,转变养殖方式,优化养殖生产空间,调整渔业产业结构,培养、引进科技人才等。

冀北攻坚造林区樟子松幼树叶片功能性状对微地形的响应

【目的】探究冀北山区干旱石质阳坡不同地形对于樟子松幼树叶片功能性状的影响。【方法】以我国北方沙地造林常见树种人工樟子松幼龄林为研究对象,采用样地布设和植被调查的方法,通过方差分析对比幼树的叶面积(LA)、叶长(LL)、叶宽(LW)、叶曲率(LC)、比叶面积(SLA)、全氮(N)、全磷(P)、全钾(K)、全碳(C)九种叶片功能性状在不同坡度和坡位的差异。【结果】(1)在叶片外部形态方面,平地LL和SLA比坡地显著高出15.25%和5.52%。在叶片养分方面,除C之外,其余养分指标在平地和坡地之间均呈现出显著差异。其中,平地的N、P和K比坡地分别显著高出3.76%、31.14%和9.11%。(2)对于不同坡度,除了LC之外,其余均存在显著差异。LA和LL均表现为陡坡最高,陡坡比中坡平均分别高出20.8%和14.9%;LW表现为缓坡数值最大,分别比陡坡和中坡高出8.9%和5.3%;SLA表现为缓坡和中坡显著比陡坡高出8.6%和8.5%。叶片养分方面全氮含量(N)和全钾含量(K)随着坡度的增加表现出显著下降的趋势,全磷含量(P)则相反,中坡和陡坡显著比缓坡高出31.3%和30.2%。(3)叶片功能性状综合得分排序表明中坡和缓坡地形对樟子松幼树叶片的功能发育有正向促进作用,而陡坡则不利于叶片发育。【结论】本研究综合分析了樟子松幼树叶片功能性状对微地形的响应表现,对集成和优化困难立地植被恢复技术提供一定理论基础。

河北张宣地区中山沟金矿成矿流体特征及其对侵入岩型碲金矿床的限定

【研究目的】中山沟金矿位于华北克拉通北缘、尚义—崇礼—赤城深大断裂的南侧,是河北省张宣金矿集区典型金矿床之一。本文探讨了矿床成矿流体特征和演化,以期为该矿床找矿勘查提供理论依据。【研究方法】本文总结了中山沟金矿的成矿背景、矿区地质特征、矿体及矿石特征,选取4个阶段的代表性样品,开展了流体包裹体岩相学和显微测温、氢氧同位素、氦氩同位素等研究。【研究结果】研究发现中山沟金矿可划分为4个成矿阶段:钾长石-黄铁矿-石英阶段(Ⅰ)、乳白色石英-黄铁矿阶段(Ⅱ)、烟灰色石英-硫化物阶段(Ⅲ)和贫硫化物-碳酸盐阶段(Ⅳ)。各成矿阶段主要发育气液两相原生流体包裹体。流体包裹体测温数据表明,其主成矿阶段均一温度为210~250℃、盐度为6.01%~13.62%NaCleqv。氢、氧同位素研究表明,δ^(18)O水和δDV-SMOW值分别为-2.97‰~6.96‰和-94.6‰~-80.2‰,具有明显向大气降水线发生漂移而呈线性变化的特征。黄铁矿氦、氩同位素研究表明,^(3)He/^(4)He值为1.82×10^(-7)~9.24×10^(-7),^(40)Ar/^(36)Ar值为699.9~2200.4,R/Ra值为0.13~0.66,放射成因^(40)Ar^(*)为55.89%~86.57%,幔源He为2.00%~10.86%。【结论】中山沟金矿成矿流体经历了从中高温、中低盐度至低温、中低盐度的持续演化过程。其主成矿阶段发生了强烈的沸腾作用,成矿晚期有大量的大气降水的混入。随着成矿作用的进行,幔源物质参与成矿的比例逐渐升高。成矿流体具有壳幔混合的特点。综上所述,中山沟金矿的成矿流体具有侵入岩型碲金矿床的特点。

冀北苏家店火山盆地铀成矿多源信息分析及远景预测

苏家店火山盆地位于沽源—红山子铀成矿带的南部,为一发育于古元古代变质花岗岩基底之上的中生代火山塌陷盆地,具有基底+盖层的二元地层结构,基底经历多期次的改造后成熟度高、富铀,中生代盖层以张家口组中酸性火山岩为主,铀含量普遍较高;线性断裂与火山构造相互叠合交汇,次火山岩多沿火山环状构造侵位,有利于成矿热液的运移、富集,显示出良好的铀成矿条件。通过对物化遥多源信息剖析梳理,并且对比成矿带内典型铀矿床,认为苏家店火山盆地具备良好的铀找矿潜力,并圈定出了3处铀成矿远景区,为下一步工作提供找矿依据。

河北张家口市某种植区土壤营养元素生态化学计量与空间分异特征

应用地统计学、生态化学计量学和GIS技术,对河北省张家口市万全区某种植区的表层土壤N、P、K_(2)O、CaO、MgO、S、Mo、Mn、Fe_(2)O_(3)、B、Corg、pH等参数含量特征、趋势分布、空间变异性及生源要素的分布特征进行研究。结果表明,研究区Corg属于较强分异型,变异系数为71.54%,其余元素均属于弱或均匀分异型。N、P、K_(2)O和pH整体呈现极丰富和丰富等级,S、Mo、Mn、Fe_(2)O_(3)、B和Corg则处于缺乏和极缺乏等级。通过不同趋势阶数中误差的比较叠加块金系数分析,初步确定研究区可分为3种预测类型,即无趋势预测、一阶趋势预测和二阶趋势预测。K_(2)O、CaO、MgO、S、Mn和Corg主要受结构型影响,N、P、Mo、Fe_(2)O_(3)、B和pH主要受结构型和随机性混合影响,其中S和Mo的变异函数表面具有较弱的方向性。生态化学计量学表明,生源要素平均含量K_(2)O>Corg>N>P>S,土壤CNR和NPR主要受控于土壤Corg和N,垂向上表现为以表聚型和平稳型分布为主,以突变型和锯齿型分布为辅。最后通过普通克里格插值清晰可见区域范围内N、P、K_(2)O、CaO、MgO、Mn均表现为由东北部至西南部流域范围内明显异常区,主要受控于河流迁移搬运作用,重点区中N和P属于梯型,K_(2)O、CaO和pH属于内凹型,S和Mo属于外凸型,MgO、Fe_(2)O_(3)、Mn、B和Corg属于跳跃型。

坡向对冀北山地蒙古栎幼树生长及生物量分配的影响

【目的】探讨冀北山地不同坡向对蒙古栎幼树生长及生物量分配的影响,旨在为该地区蒙古栎造林提供科学依据。【方法】本研究以冀北山地东坡、东南坡、西坡蒙古栎9年生幼树为研究对象,测定各坡向蒙古栎幼树地径、株高、冠幅及各器官生物量。采用单因素方差分析法检验各坡向蒙古栎幼树地径、株高、冠幅及生物量是否存在显著差异。以标准化主轴估计法检验各坡向蒙古栎幼树器官生物量间的异速生长关系。【结果】(1)东坡地径、株高均显著大于东南坡,其中地径差值0.29 cm,株高差值11.81 cm,两坡向间冠幅无显著差异。西坡地径、株高、冠幅均显著小于东坡和东南坡;地径-株高生长曲线斜率表现为东南坡(0.458)最大,东坡(0.377)居中,西坡(0.349)最小。(2)总生物量积累在东坡(1144.50 g/株)和东南坡(961.58 g/株)间无显著差异,西坡(365.33 g/株)显著小于东坡和东南坡;东坡和东南坡间叶、干、根生物量积累无显著差异,而东坡枝生物量积累(217.59 g/株)显著大于东南坡(159.17 g/株)。西坡各器官生物量积累均显著小于其他两坡向。(3)生物量分配比表现为西坡枝(13.32%)、干(24.10%)生物量分配比显著小于其他两坡向,而根生物量分配比(44.79%)显著大于其他两坡向(东坡34.28%;东南坡32.67%)。东坡枝生物量分配比显著大于东南坡,而叶分配比显著小于东南坡,干和根生物量分配比在东坡和东南坡间无显著差异。(4)各坡向成对器官生物量均呈等速生长关系,但呈现不同的器官分配趋向。【结论】蒙古栎幼树在3个坡向表现出不同的生长规律,东坡是蒙古栎幼树生长的最佳坡向。