Spatial-temporal Characteristics and Factors Influencing Commuting Activities of Middle-class Residents in Guangzhou City, China

The middle class in metropolitan Chinese cities has become an important social group. With the rapid development of urbanization and constant advancement of suburbanization, the middle class has increasingly come to influence city traffic. Research into middle-class commuting activities thus has practical significance for improving traffic congestion and reducing the commuting burden in metropolitan cities. Based on a dataset formed by 816 completed surveys, this paper analyzes the commuting mode, time and distance of middle-class residents in Guangzhou City using the descriptive statistical method. The results indicate that private cars are the main commuting mode, followed by public transport. Meanwhile, middle-class residents mainly undertake medium-short time and medium-short distance commuting. The study subsequently uses multilevel logistic regression and multiple linear regression models to analyze the factors that influence commuting mode choice, time and distance. The gender, age, number of family cars, housing source and jobs-housing balance are the most important factors influencing commuting mode choice; housing, population density, jobs-housing balance and commuting mode significantly affect commuting time; and transport accessibility, jobs-housing balance and commuting mode are the notable factors affecting commuting distance. Finally, this paper analyzes what is affecting the commuting activities of middle-class residents and determines the differences in commuting activity characteristics and influence factors between middle-class and ordinary residents. Policy suggestions to improve urban planning and urban management are also proposed.

Research on Situational Teaching of Junior Middle English Class from the Perspective of Life-orientation

The regression of instruction to life raises as a developmental tendency of course reform among the world. Emphasis on the connection between instruction and students' lives has become an important aspect of curriculum reform. The student learner's role and the development of students' potentials in their lives also have been emphasized; all these conceptions provide broad space for the implementation of life-orientation of instruction. Situational teaching emphasizes that students should be regarded as the nucleus of the class. Through acquiring knowledge by themselves, they can bear the knowledge in their mind and improve their communicating ability. The teaching activity should always obey the rule of students centered and teacher aided and make sure that the teaching atmosphere can be kept in an authentic situation. And the most important thing that will be talked about is how to apply situational teaching in Junior Middle English Class.

17-18世纪朝鲜王朝委巷文人诗社考辨

委巷文人是一个与两班文人相对的概念,构成较为复杂,既有来自朝鲜朝中人阶层的译官、医官、画员等,也有来自于最底层的奴婢、胥吏等。学界认为,17-18世纪委巷文人诗社主要有:枕流台诗社、三清洞诗社、洛社、松石园诗社,但以上并非皆可称为诗社。其中枕流台诗社当改为枕流台唱酬;三清洞诗社当改为三清洞诗会;洛社虽非严格意义上的诗社,但是初具诗社的雏形,可以继续沿用该名称;松石园诗社是朝鲜王朝第一个正式的委巷文人诗社。委巷文人通过社集的方式联络感情、寻找阶层归属感,亦编撰了委巷诗人诗选,委巷文人社会力量的壮大与社集密不可分。

The Consumption Practices and Identity Formation of the Chinese Middle Class in the Media Era

During the past 40 years following the reform and opening-up policy of 1978,China’s social structure has seen great changes,which include the birth and rapid development of the Chinese middle class as a derivative and consequence of modernization.They are the main source of consumption in contemporary China and display unique characteristics in their consumption practices.Consumption is not only a daily practice,but also a means of demonstrating and forming identity.In this media era,media play an important role in people’s consumption practices and identity formation.In this study,semi-structured interviews were carried out with members of the Chinese middle class to study the relationship between consumption,identity,and media through their oral accounts.Moreover,problems,including the characteristics of middle-class consumption practices and how they use consumption to form identity,were analyzed.This study not only complements studies on the sociology of consumption of the Chinese middle class,but also is of great practical significance for deepening our understanding of the behavioral and ideological characteristics of the Chinese middle class.

Analysis of the Variations of Body Build of Middle-and Old-aged and Research on the Prototype

The characteristics of body build of middle - and old -aged women and its rule of variations as well as the basic sizes of various parts are discussed. All these are based on the body measurements of this age group, and also on the statistical studies of the measurement data. By setting the regression equation, the calculating formulae of various control parts are obtained, thus establishing the prototype of this age group for women.

Marketing Factors Affecting Middle Class Consumer’s Buying Decision in Housing Market in Nanning City

It is important to study the relationship between marketing factors and purchase decisions of middle-class consumers in Nanning housing market.This study will investigate the factors influencing people decision to purchase houses in Nanning City.The extrinsic housing attributes at this study consist of environmental attributes and location attributes.I have a limited understanding of the purchase behavior of Nanning home buyers in Nanning City.This study adopts the data collection methods of e-mail and field survey.Based on 509 questionnaires,the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics analysis and logistic regression.The results show that location attributes,such as school districts,positively influence housing purchase decisions in Nanning City.This study contributes to an improved understanding of home buyers’decision making in Nanning City.The beneficiaries of this study include home buyers and marketers and academic institutions.To better meet home buyers’needs and achieve a competitive advantage,marketers can use the research outcomes to focus more on those housing purchase factors that significantly influence house buyers’purchase decision making.

A Study On the Structural Dimension of Middle Class Relational Identification in Chinese Context

Through in-depth interviews,this study makes an exploratory study on the dimension of the middle class relational identification in Chinese context by using the grounded theory.It is mainly composed of 4 dimensions:relational orientation,relational adaptation,relational evaluation and relational development.According to the four dimension model of middle class relational identification,the middle class relational identification in China is the cognitive and behavioral orientation that in the action of achieving a certain purpose,because of the perception of consistence with each other in role cognition and personal cognition,the middle class is willing to unite and trust,respect and understand and coordinate the conflict to adapt to this relationship,and then to form a positive evaluation of the relationship and a sense of belonging and commitment to this relationship.The construction of the structural dimension of middle class relational identification in China is conducive to explaining the endemic phenomena of Chinese middle class.

White Collar:The Middle Classes

White Collar:The American Middle Classes is a famous book written by Mills,C.Wright.In this book,Mills gave a description of the emergence of a"new class",the white-collar workers,during that age in US.He also mentioned about their life styles and their political consciousness.This thesis is to compare the different definitions of middle class in China and in US,and comment on the life styles and the political consciousness of the white collars in China.

中国基层社会治理中的士绅传统——基于“国家-社会”互构的视角

“士绅传统”在中国国家治理体系中由来已久,士绅群体一直被认为是传统社会颇具活动能量的特殊阶层,是名副其实的地方权威,是社会的“中间阶层”,构成中国国家治理中的重要一维。纵观士绅的形成和发展,特定时期的确存在“土豪劣绅”现象,但总体而言,士绅充当着沟通国家政权与基层民众的“桥梁”,有效回避或缓冲了因国家与社会相分离而产生的冲突,维系着传统社会基本面的平稳。时至今日,在致力于推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的时代语境中,深入发掘士绅传统中的优良因子,一方面可为“中国之治”的纵深推进提供本土化治理经验;另一方面,希冀更好发挥以史鉴今、资政育人作用。

Study of Swine Leukocyte Antigen Class I-3 (SLA-3) Gene for Inbreeding Wuzhishan Pig

To elucidate the structure of SLA-3 alleles on inbred line of Wuzhishan pig （WZSP） population, we examined the partial exon 1, completed exon 2, and partial exon 3 of SLA-3 loci using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT- PCR） and the sequencing-based method in 32 WZSPs. According to pedigree and amplification results, PCR products of 8 WZSPs were selected to clone and sequence. Nine different nucleotide sequences were obtained. After comparing the DNA and protein sequences of the WZSPs SLA-3 alleles with the published GenBank SLA sequences, it was found that the SLA-3 alleles in WZSPs were all novel, but there were very few variations among them. Comparision of SLA-3 and HLA-A protein sequences indicated that there was more sequence homology. Meanwhile, the construction of a phylogenetic tree using the nucleotide sequences of 23 SLA-3 alleles and 1 HLA-A allele represented that the WZSP population owns its unique genetics resource. In this study, the alleles of SLA-3 on WZSP group were successfully detected and analyzed, which provided the firm basis on the genotype of SLA-3 for breeding specific haplotypes WZSPs.

Inhibition of Notch 1 signaling in the subacute stage after stroke promotes striatal astrocyte-derived neurogenesis

Inhibition of Notch1 signaling has been shown to promote astrocyte-derived neurogenesis after stroke.To investigate the regulatory role of Notch1 signaling in this process,in this study,we used a rat model of stroke based on middle cerebral artery occlusion and assessed the behavior of reactive astrocytes post-stroke.We used theγ-secretase inhibitor N-[N-(3,5-diuorophenacetyl)-1-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butylester(DAPT)to block Notch1 signaling at 1,4,and 7 days after injury.Our results showed that only administration of DAPT at 4 days after stroke promoted astrocyte-derived neurogenesis,as manifested by recovery of white matter fiber bundle integrity on magnetic resonance imaging,which is consistent with recovery of neurologic function.These findings suggest that inhibition of Notch1 signaling at the subacute stage post-stroke mediates neural repair by promoting astrocyte-derived neurogenesis.

当代社会中产阶层竞争偏好代际传递问题初探--基于教育视角

作为长久以来便备受学界关注的重要议题,竞争偏好与竞争心理之于个体乃至是社会均有着深刻的意义。本文从国内中产阶层家庭教育的视角,通过对部分异质性较强的子代个体进行深度访谈,围绕新中产和老中产阶层子代内部的群体性特征和差异,分析影响竞争偏好在阶层内部代际传递的形成原因,同时提出关于新老中产阶层的子代们竞争偏好引导的相关建议。

公权还是私利:中产阶层业主抗争的实践样态与本质诉求

随着大规模城市改造和住房商品化进程的持续推进,“业主抗争”作为一种新兴的社会现象日益引起学界的广泛关注。从“冲突—阶层”视角来看,中产阶层业主抗争与以公共权益维护为旨向的“业主维权”具有本质上的诉求差异。通过对中产阶层社区业主抗争行动背后的主观意志和目标导向的检视,可以发现其隐藏在“反应性诉求”外衣下的“竞争性诉求”的内核,而“分利集团”才是抗争业主群体的本质属性。其抗争争取的是个人私利,而非业主的公共权益,甚至他们对“私利”的争取是以牺牲“公权”为代价的。对于中产阶层业主抗争实践的分析,有助于在对中产阶层的社会稳定功能寄予厚望的同时保持审慎的理性。

成为好爸爸:城市中产家庭养育模式的变迁与新“父职”实现路径

随着社会转型与发展,父职参与在延续传统的同时亦经历着变迁。通过对上海中产家庭父母进行的参与式观察以及深度访谈发现,城市中产阶级男性的父职参与正在经历从被动到主动转变的过程:一方面是受到社会文化、教育环境的影响,另一方面他们从个人成长历程和工作的意义出发进行了反身性思考和实践。在这个过程中,男性作为父亲的主体性得以浮现,懂得了“为何做父亲”“如何做父亲”。

生活革命背景下的都市新民俗:中产人群的健身消费

随着经济的快速增长和城市化社会的来临,当代中国发生了大规模的生活革命。迅速崛起的都市新中产人群成为新生活方式的代表,由他们所引领的生活革命不仅表现在日常基本需求的变革上,更体现在对新型都市生活的形塑上。各大城市遍地开花的健身房不仅是锻炼身体的功能性场所,更成为中产人群彰显身份认同、构建生活方式、获取情感支持的重要空间,并因其被赋予的意义而形成了都市新民俗。基于此,从“生活革命”的视角重新审视商业性健身房这一以中产人群为主要消费群体的空间,分析健身消费作为都市新民俗的特点及意义,对于进一步挖掘生活革命的广阔内涵、理解我国新时代的都市生活具有重要的启发。

广州市中产阶层的特征及影响因素研究--基于马斯洛需求层次理论的实证分析

采用1130份问卷的调查数据,基于马斯洛需求层次理论,分析广州市中产阶层不同需求层次的社会、物质、价值观、认同和自我实现特征。研究显示,中产阶层的生理需求表现为物质条件丰富,就业主要集中在中心城区,居住与就业相对平衡;安全需求表现为生活态度积极、生活方式多元,工作日的休闲空间比休息日的近,不同等级商品的购物空间有所不同;爱和归属感需求与尊重需求表现为主观认同感强,社区归属感与幸福指数较高;自我实现需求表现为基本实现个人理想,年轻者希望未来谋求更大的发展,年长者希望更多时间休闲与陪伴家人等。然后,利用多元线性回归法和logistic回归法,对中产阶层特征的影响因素进行探讨,发现年龄、户籍、子女数、学历、单位性质、收入和居住区位是影响中产阶层特征的七大因素,其中年龄、子女数、学历、收入和居住区位是最主要的五个因素。中产阶层的马斯洛需求层次与一般阶层相比,呈现"两头小,中间大"的纺锤形结构。

情绪化体罚:城市新中产母职的情感工作困境

在科学养育的语境下,体罚已成为城市新中产养育实践的禁忌。尽管新中产阶层的母亲对体罚普遍持否定态度,并对代际传承有一定的防范意识,这使得由慢性环境压力源引起的体罚大致可控;但由急性情境压力源引发的情绪化体罚仍然时有发生,而且难以自控。情感工作是密集母职的重要组成部分,面对情绪化体罚,母亲既要关注自身作为独立个体的情感权利,又要顾及被粗暴对待后需要安抚的儿童。在这样的情境中,母亲常常陷入消极挣扎的情感体验中,导致母职的情感活动呈现矛盾重重的实践困境。