健身气功运动对中年人心理健康影响的实验研究Health of Middle-aged People

为研究健身气功运动提高中年人心理健康水平的有效性,通过实验1对21名被试7个月健身气功干预实验和实验2对60名被试分组干预实验,检验健身气功与广播操、不运动对中年人心理健康的影响。结果显示,健身气功练习、广播操锻炼均能对中年人的心理症状改善产生积极作用,健身气功在强迫、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑的心理症状改善方面有显著的作用。

Survey for late-onset hypogonadism among old anti middle-aged males in Shanghai communities

This study sought to investigate late-onset hypogonadism （LOH） in old and middle-aged males in Shanghai communities, using symptom score evaluation systems and measurements of sex hormone levels. One thousand cases of males aged 40-70 years were investigated. The aging male symptoms （AMS） scale and androgen deficiency in aging males （ADAM） questionnaire were used at the beginning of the investigation, followed by measurement of the sex hormone-related factors （total testosterone （TT）, free testosterone （fT）, sex hormone-binding globulin （SHBG） and bioavailability of testosterone （Bio-T））. There were 977 valid questionnaires. The LOH-positive rates shown by AMS and ADAM were 59.88% and 84.65%, respectively; values increased with the age of the patients. There were 946 results related to sex hormone measurements, which showed the following results： TT was not related to aging （P〉O.05）; levels of SHBG increased with age; and fT and Bio-T decreased with age. There was a significant difference in fT between LOH-positive and LOH-negative patients, as shown by the ADAM. In summary, TT levels were not related to aging, even though SHBG did increase while fT and Bio-T decreased with aging. Clinically, the diagnosis of LOH cannot be based on serum TT level.

Radiometric Dating of Ignimbrite from Inner Mongolia Provides no Indication of a Post-Middle Jurassic Age for the Daohugou Beds

Lacustrine deposits exposed at Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China, have yielded superbly preserved vertebrate fossils. The fossil beds were first misinterpreted as of Early Cretaceous age, based on alleged occurrences of key fossils of the Jehol Biota. Compelling evidence revealed by more rigorous research involving regional biostratigraphy, radiometric dating, and paleontology supports the Middle Jurassic age of the fossil beds. Despite the awesome evidence for the Middle Jurassic age of the Daohugou beds, the age dispute has been resurrected recently by invoking an overturned stratigraphic sequence. A careful review of the data, however, found no evidence that this sequence has been overturned. In addition, many of the assumptions, on which the conjecture of the fossil beds being post- Middle Jurassic is imprudently based, are self-contradictory or otherwise misleading. Thus, the post- Middle Jurassic age of the Daohugou beds as an unfounded conclusion can readily be dismissed.

Metabolic Disorders Increase the Risk to Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Middle-aged and Elderly Chinese

Objective The association of metabolic syndrome （MetS） with cardiovascular diseases （CVD） has not been adequately explored in middle-aged and elderly Chinese. This study aimed to investigate MetS＇ prevalence and its impact on the CVD incidence in this specific population group. Methods A data set of a community-based prospective cohort study was analyzed. A total of 2300 subjects aged 40-94 years were followed up for the CVD events. MetS defined according to the JCDCG criteria was assessed at baseline, and the middle-aged and elderly groups were classified by the WHO definition. Results As compared with the middle-aged group, the prevalence of MetS increased by 0.6 times （34.6% vs. 21.3%） and the incidence density of CVD increased by 4.9 times in the elderly group （52.3/1000 person-year vs. 8.9/1000 person-year）. Furthermore, the multivariate Cox regression revealed that the risk to CVD incidence was independently related to increased waist circumference in the middle-aged group （HR=2.23, P〈0.01） and to elevated blood glucose in the elderly group （HR=1.39, P〈O.01）. Conclusion MetS was highly prevalent in middle-aged and elderly Chinese. MetS significantly increased the risk to OdD incidence in the elderly. All individuals with metabolic disorders should receive active clinical care to reduce the incidence of CVD.

Central Obesity and Metabolic Risk Factors in Middle-aged Chinese

Objective Central obesity is considered to be a central component of metabolic syndrome. Waist circumference （WC） has been widely used as a simple indicator of central obesity. This study is aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of WC cut-off values for predicting metabolic risk factors in middle-aged Chinese. Methods The study involved 923 subjects aged according to the Chinese Joint Committee for 40-65 years. The metabolic risk factors were defined Developing Chinese Guidelines on Prevention and Treatment of Dyslipidemia in Adults. WC cut-off 85-90 cm and 〉90 cm were used as cut-off values of central pre-obesity and central obesity in males, respectively, while WC 80-85 cm and 〉85 cm were used as cut-off values of central pre-obesity and central obesity in females. Results First, WC values corresponding to body mass index （BMI） 24 kg/m2 and visceral fat area （VFA） 80 cm2 were 88.55 cm and 88.51 cm in males, and 82.46 cm and 82.52 cm in females respectively. Second, receiver operating characteristic curves showed that the optimal WC cut-off of value was 88.75 cm in males, higher than that in females （81.75 cm）. Third, the subjects with higher WC values were more likely to have accumulating metabolic risk factors. The prevalence of metabolic risk factors increased linearly and significantly in relation to WC levels. Conclusion WC cut-off values of central pre-/central obesity are optimal to predict multiple metabolic risk factors.

Excessive 5-year weight gain predicts metabolic syndrome development in healthy middle-aged adults

AIM:To quantitatively examine the impacts of an easyto-measure parameter-weight gain-on metabolic syndrome development among middle-aged adults. METHODS:We conducted a five-year interval observational study.A total of 1384 middle-aged adults not meeting metabolic syndrome(MetS)criteria at the initial screening were included in our analysis.Baseline data such as MetS-components and lifestyle factors were collected in 2002.Body weight and MetS-components were measured in both 2002 and 2007.Participants were classified according to proximal quartiles of weight gain(WG)in percentages(%WG≤1%,1%< %WG≤5%,5%<%WG≤10%and%WG>10%, defined as:control,mild-WG,moderate-WG and severe-WG groups,respectively)at the end of the follow-up. Multivariate models were used to assess the association between MetS outcome and excessive WG in the total population,as well as in both genders. RESULTS:In total,175(12.6%)participants fulfilled MetS criteria within five years.In comparison to the control group,mild-WG adults had an insignificant risk for MetS development while adults having moderate-WG had a 3.0-fold increased risk for progression to MetS [95%confidence interval(CI),1.8-5.1],and this risk was increased 5.4-fold(95%CI,3.0-9.7)in subjects having severe-WG.For females having moderate-and severe-WG,the risk for developing MetS was 3.6(95% CI,1.03-12.4)and 5.5(95%CI,1.4-21.4),respectively. For males having moderate-and severe-WG,the odds ratio for MetS outcome was respectively 3.0(95%CI, 1.6-5.5)and 5.2(95%CI,2.6-10.2). CONCLUSION:For early-middle-aged healthy adults with a five-year weight gain over 5%,the severity of weight gain is related to the risk for developing metabolic syndrome.

The Moderating Effect of Health on the Relationship between Involvement in Housework of Parents’ and Parents-in-Law’s Families and Happiness of Middle-Aged Women in Taiwan

Background: This study aims to investigate the moderating effect of family health status on the relationship between involvement in housework of two-side parents’ families and happiness of middle-aged women in Taiwan. Methods: The data used in this study were gathered from the Ministry of Science and Technology’s program—“Intergenerational expectation and collaboration: an inquiry on a new mechanism of continued tradition across generations”. The subjects (n = 512) were restricted to aged 45 - 64 years old who live with spouses and have children, and one of whose parent or parent-in-law is still alive. Multiple regression analysis was used to investigate how family health status moderates the relationship between involvement in housework of parents’ families and parents-in-law’s families and the happiness of middle-aged women. Results: 1) Family health status is positively correlated with their happiness. 2) The parents’ health status can moderate the relationship between involvement in housework of parents’ families and happiness of the middle-aged women. 3) The middle-aged women’s health status can moderate the relationship between involvement in housework of parents-in-law’s families and those women’s happiness, and fathers-in-law’s health status can moderate the relationship between husbands’ involvement in housework of the women’s parents-in-law’s families and women’s happiness. Conclusions: In future, when policies and programs related to the well-being of middle-aged women are being planned, the effect of women’s health and family health status shall be considered as a key to improve those women’s quality of life.

Factors associated with financial support in old age for young and middle-aged rural residents in China

This study examined the factors associated with financial support in old age from three primary mechanisms-personal savings,family support,and social insurance-to explore the implications for the future development of China's rural social welfare system.Cross-sectional surveys of 1392 young and middle-aged rural residents were conducted in July and August2012.The results showed that while social insurance was increasingly acceptable,personal savings and family support still had fundamental value.Combining the three mechanisms,the rural old-age welfare system presented nontraditional features.China's new rural endowment insurance is discussed as a means to address the need for financial support among the rural aging population.

Analysis of the Variations of Body Build of Middle-and Old-aged and Research on the Prototype

The characteristics of body build of middle - and old -aged women and its rule of variations as well as the basic sizes of various parts are discussed. All these are based on the body measurements of this age group, and also on the statistical studies of the measurement data. By setting the regression equation, the calculating formulae of various control parts are obtained, thus establishing the prototype of this age group for women.

Physiotherapist-led home-based physical activity program versus community group exercise for middle-aged adults: Quasi-experimental comparison

Objectives: Program method, program deliverer and participant preference may be important factors in increasing physical activity adherence and program effectiveness. To investigate this, we compared two physical activity interventions in middle-aged adults. Methods: Using a pragmatic quasi-experimental design, sedentary community dwelling 50 - 65 year olds (n = 2105) were recruited to a non-randomized 6-month community group exercise program (n = 93) or a physiotherapist-led home-based physical activity program (n = 65). The primary outcome was physical activity adherence derived from exercise diaries. Secondary outcomes included the Active Australia Survey, aerobic capacity (step- test), quality of life (SF-12v2), blood pressure, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and body mass index. Results: Home-based participants were more likely to be younger, working full-time and not in a relationship (p Thirty-three percent of the group participants attended ≥ 70% of group exercise sessions. Ninety percent of home-based participants received ≥ 4 of the planned 6 telephone support calls. Intention-to-treat analysis found adherence to the physical activity sessions prescribed was the same for both interventions (26% ± 28% vs. 28% ± 35%). Both interventions significantly increased the number of participants achieving self-reported “sufficient” physical activity (p ≤ 0.001) and significantly decreased waist circumference (p < 0.001) and WHR (p 0.05). Conclusion: The physiotherapist- led home-based physical activity program, requiring few resources, appears to have increased the adoption of physical activity and adherence to physical activity program requirements for sedentary middle-aged adults. The home-based program, providing equivalent health benefits to the group exercise program, may be particularly suitable for those not interested in or unable to attend a group exercise program. Clinical Trial Registration number Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR), ACTRN126 1000890932.

Influence of Underlying Diseases and Age on the Association between Obesity and All-Cause Mortality in Post-Middle Age

Background: Studies on the association between obesity and all-cause mortality have found that the degree of obesity is directly proportional to all-cause mortality. In contrast, there have been studies indicating that obese people with underlying diseases have a higher survival rate. We hypothesized that age and underlying diseases lead to such contrasting results. Therefore, we conducted a study to clarify the influence of post-middle age obesity and underlying diseases on all-cause mortality. Methods: This study used data from longitudinal studies in the United States, which conducted follow-up for 19 years on 33,708 participants in different age groups: ≥45, 45 - 64, and ≥65 years. Hazard ratio (HR) was determined using the Cox proportional hazards model to analyze a group consisting of all participants, a group of those with underlying diseases, and a group of those without underlying diseases, considering age, gender, education history, marital status, household income, smoking history, and BMI category as covariates. Results: In the group aged ≥65 without underlying diseases, HR was almost 1 in those with BMI 25 - 35 kg/m2. Further, HR was higher in the 45 - 64 age group without underlying diseases if BMI was >35 kg/m2. However, HR was approximately 1 in the ≥65 age group. Conclusions: The study revealed that among individuals aged ≥65 years without underlying diseases, there was no association between obesity and all-cause mortality. Among individuals without underlying diseases, HR was higher in the 45 - 64 age group with BMI > 35 kg/m2 but was approximately 1 among those aged ≥65 years. Therefore, an interaction based on age was detected. These findings may lead to recommendations regarding the need to modify the advice and education provided to obese individuals in different age groups.

Relationship between Waist Circumference, Waist-Height Ratio, Body Fat Percentage, Visceral Fat and Bone Mineral Density in Middle-Aged and Elderly Zhuang of China

Objective: To understand the correlation between different degrees of obesity and bone mineral density (BMD). Methods: 772 cases (300 men and 472 females) of Zhuang over 40 years old were randomly selected. The BMD and T score were calculated by measuring the right heel bone using a quantitative-ultrasound densitometer. Body composition index of body weight, waist circumference (WC), waist height ratio (WtHR), body fat percentage (BFP) and visceral fat (VF) were measured using a bioelectrical impedance method. Results: The BMI, WC, and WtHR of the male osteoporosis group were lower than those of the normal bone mass (NBM) group (P Conclusion: BMI is positively correlated with BMD in Zhuang. BFP has a greater correlation with female BMD, and a small reduction in BFP can result in a significant decrease in BMD. BMD of male was positively correlated with abdominal obesity indicators (WC, WtHR, VF). However, abdominal obesity has no obvious effect on the promotion of BMD in women, and increased WtHR can lead to a decrease in BMD. Zhuang can appropriately increase the amount of fat within the normal weight range. At the same time, reasonable exercise and balanced nutrition to avoid excessive obesity or low body weight can reduce the incidence of osteoporosis and osteoporosis fractures.

High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Associated with Different Health Predictors in Middle-Aged and oldest old Chinese

Objective To describe the distribution of plasma high sensitivity C-reactive protein （hsCRP） and explore the relationship between hsCRP and metabolic risk factors among residents living in longevity areas of China. Methods 268 individuals aged between 40 and 59 years and 506 individuals aged over 90 years were selected from 5 longevity areas of China to participate in a cross section longitudinal cohort study. The participants were interviewed with general health related questionnaire to collect their demographic, behavioral and lifestyle data, as well as their chronic conditions, and meanwhile their physical and biomedical parameters including waist circumference （WC）, blood pressure （BP）, hsCRP, plasma lipids, and fasting blood glucose （FBG） were measured. Results The median of hsCRP was 0.99 mg/L in the middle-aged group and 2.76 mg/L in the oldest old group. No significant gender difference was observed between the above two groups. Among the oldest old individuals, 36.56% had an hsCRP level 〉3.0 mg/L. The prevalence of high hsCRP was 26.79% in the middle-aged group. The results of stepwise multiple linear regression analyses showed that HDL-C was independently associated with In （hsCRP） concentration in the middle-aged group, whereas In （TG）, HDL-C and FBG were correlated after adjustment for gender, study site, smoking, drinking, education and BMI in the oldest old group. Conclusion HDL-C is a stronger predictor of elevated hsCRP than other metabolic factors in the middle-aged population. For the oldest old persons, high TG, low HDL-C, and FBG predict elevated plasma hsCRP.

Psychosocial Factors Affecting the Use of Mammography Testing for Breast Cancer Susceptibility: An Eight-Month Follow-Up Study in a Middle-Aged Japanese Woman Sample

We examined the psychosocial factors affecting middle-aged Japanese women’s intentions to undergo mammography, as well as their actual usage of mammography by applying the Parallel Processing Model (PPM) of self regulation longitudinally. A total of 1030 middle-aged women living in all parts of Japan participated in this study through internet research from September 2010 to May 2011. The participants were evaluated on the basis of a battery of questionnaires mainly including demographics, perceived breast cancer risk, worry about breast cancer, mammography testing beliefs, intentions to use mammography, seeking information about mammography, and actual usage of mammography thrice over an eight-month period. The main results were as follows: 1) Perceived risk and cancer worry affected the intention of undergoing mammography, and this effect was mediated by beliefs about mammography testing. 2) Intention to use mammography and past mammography usage predicted future usage of mammography, with past mammography usage being the strongest predictor. 3) Information seeking about mammography was the strongest predictor of using mammography during the eight-month follow-up period of middle-aged women who had not undergone any mammography testing. PPM was a useful model to explain the mechanism behind middle-aged Japanese women’s intentions to use mammography, as well as their actual usage of mammography. In addition, past mammography experience was the strongest predictor of regular mammography usage and information seeking was a critical factor for the first-usage of mammography.

China's National Image in Western Travels in the Middle Ages

The cognition of the image of China in the West during the Middle Ages is a historical base map for the formation of China's image in the eyes of Western travelers in China since the 19 th century. During the Middle Ages, with the Crusades and the Eastward March of the Mongol Empire, the exchanges between China and Europe were frequent. For political and religious purposes, Western missionaries gradually increased in China. From the expansion of the concept of time and space, Western travelers came to China to explore the world outside the Mediterranean. For the needs of literary creation, Western writers began to write Chinese travels while traveling to China. The texts about China's images created by missionaries, travelers and writers are intertwined, depicting a vivid China's national image.

Ag掺杂Mo-12Si-8.5B合金在25~600℃的摩擦学行为

本文中采用放电等离子烧结法制备了Mo-12Si-8.5B和Mo-12Si-8.5B-10%Ag这2种合金,通过高温真空摩擦磨损试验仪测试了2种合金与Al_(2)O_(3)摩擦副在25~600℃间的干摩擦学性能.结果表明:与Mo-12Si-8.5B合金相比,在25~600℃区间Mo-12Si-8.5B-10%Ag合金表现出更低的摩擦系数和磨损率.在600℃时,Mo-12Si-8.5B-10%Ag合金的摩擦系数和磨损率均可达到最小值,其值分别为0.41和1.14×10^(-5)mm^(3)/(N·m),此时Mo-12Si-8.5B-10%Ag合金的干摩擦性能表现最佳,这与Mo-12Si-8.5B-10%Ag合金磨损表面的MoO_(3)、SiO_(2)和Ag_(2)MoO_(4)等润滑相的存在及Ag在25~600℃范围内起到的润滑效果有关.此外,在25~200℃区间,Mo-12Si-8.5B-10%Ag合金的磨损机制主要为黏着磨损和剥层磨损,在400~600℃范围内,则以黏着磨损和氧化磨损为主.

新型Nd:YAG激光治疗中老年玻璃体混浊患者的视觉质量评价研究

目的通过新型Nd:YAG激光治疗中老年玻璃体混浊患者的视觉质量评价研究,评估新型Nd:YAG激光治疗玻璃体混浊的疗效及应用价值。方法本研究为前瞻性观察性队列研究,本研究共筛选入组47例患者54只眼,其中男性20例,女性27例,年龄30~81岁,平均年龄(58.32±10.38)岁。所有患者术前进行最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、眼压、眼B超、超广角扫描激光眼底照相、裂隙灯散瞳眼底检查、光相干断层扫描(OCT),评估患者玻璃体混浊的位置及玻璃体后脱离情况。术后2周、4周随访,记录BCVA、眼压、眼底情况。采用配对t检验方法比较治疗前后BCVA、眼压的变化,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义的标准。结果Nd:YAG激光术前患者BCVA为0~1.0,平均为(0.18±0.27),眼压为10~20mmHg,平均为(14.84±2.22)mmHg。术后4周患者BCVA为0~1.0,平均为(0.17±0.25),眼压为9~19mmHg,平均为(14.30±2.39)mmHg。统计学分析发现,术前术后视力变化无显著性差异(P=0.129),但术后眼压轻度下降,差异有统计学意义(P=0.015)。术后4周患者视觉质量满意度评价平均分为5~10分,平均为(8.10±1.18)分。82%的患者术后3天内黑点增多,98%的患者术后2周眼前遮挡黑影消失,96%的患者术后4周视觉质量明显改善。结论经新型Nd:YAG激光治疗后的中老年玻璃体混浊患者,飞蚊症症状改善明显,患者视觉质量满意度高,尤其是伴有明显weiss环患者,患者的视觉质量改善显著。

Sedimentary-volcanic tuffs formed during the early Middle Triassic volcanic event in Guizhou Province and their stratigraphic significance

The sedimentary-volcanic tuff (locally called “green-bean rock”) formed during the early Middle Triassic volcanic event in Guizhou Province is characterized as being thin, stable, widespread, short in forming time and predominantly green in color. The green-bean rock is a perfect indicator for stratigraphic division. Its petrographic and geochemical features are unique, and it is composed mainly of glassy fragments and subordinately of crystal fragments and volcanic ash balls. Analysis of the major and trace elements and rare-earth elements (REE), as well as the related diagrams, permits us to believe that the green-bean rock is acidic volcanic material of the calc-alkaline series formed in the Indosinian orogenic belt on the Sino-Vietnam border, which was atmospherically transported to the tectonically stable areas and then deposited as sedimentary-volcanic rocks there. According to the age of green-bean rock, it is deduced that the boundary age of the Middle-Lower Triassic overlain by the sedimentary-volcanic tuff is about 247 Ma.

Late Mesozoic Ore-forming Events in the Ningwu Ore District, Middle-Lower Yangtze River Polymetallic Ore Belt, East China: Evidence from Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Hf Isotopic Compositions of the Granodioritic Stocks

Late Mesozoic volcanic-subvolcanic rocks and related iron deposits, known as porphyry iron deposits in China, are widespread in the Ningwu ore district （Cretaceous basin） of the middle-lower Yangtze River polymetallic ore belt, East China. Two types of Late Mesozoic magmatic rocks are exposed： one is dioritic rocks closely related to iron mineralization as the hosted rock, and the other one is granodioritic （-granitic） rocks that cut the ore bodies. To understand the age of the iron mineralization and the ore-forming event, detailed zircon U-Pb dating and Hf isotope measurement were performed on granodioritic stocks in the Washan, Gaocun-Nanshan, Dongshan and Heshangqiao iron deposits in the basin. Four emplacement and crystallization （typically for zircons） ages of granodioritic rocks were measured as 126.1±0.5 Ma, 126.8±0.5 Ma, 127.3±0.5 Ma and 126.3±0.4 Ma, respectively in these four deposits, with the LA-MC-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb method. Based on the above results combined with previous dating, it is inferred that the iron deposits in the Ningwu Cretaceous basin occurred in a very short period of 131-127 Ma. In situ zircon Hf compositions of εHf（t） of the granodiorite are mainly from -3 to -8 and their corresponding 176Hf/177Hf ratio are from 0.28245 to 0.28265, indicating similar characteristics of dioritic rocks in the basin. We infer that granodioritic rocks occurring in the Ningwu ore district have an original relationship with dioritic rocks. These new results provide significant evidence for further study of this ore district so as to understand the ore-forming event in the study area.

Dissociative decline of spatial learning and recall with aging in male CD-1 mice

On aging, spatial memory declines to some degree in both, rodents and humans. It is unknown, however, whether aging brings about a decline of encoding and retrieval of spatial information in parallel. The present study examined spatial encoding and retrieval in male CD-1 mice at 4, 9, and 12 months of age in a complex dry-land maze. The total time to reach the goal zone was age-dependent favoring mice at 4 months of age. We showed previously that moving time represents encoding of spatial information and resting time represents recall of previously learned spatial information. The average moving time decreased from 69.8 ± 5.3 s (mean ± SEM), 69.7 ± 8.0 s, and 78.9 ± 4.9 s to 17.0 ± 2.3 s (p < 0.001 ), 24.7 ± 2.7 s (p < 0.001), and 31.0 ± 3.5 s (p < 0.001) at 4, 9, and 12 months of age, respectively. The average resting time decreased from 34.9 ± 5.6 s, 22.2 ± 4.2 s, and 41.7 ± 5.3 s to 3.6 ± 1.2 s (p < 0.001), 5.3 ± 1.8 s (p = 0.009), and 22.7 ± 4.9 s (p = 0.007) at 4, 9, and 12 months of age, respectively. We conclude that age-related deficits of spatial memory in mice manifest with an encoding deficit prior to a retrieval deficit.