The Relationship between Mental Health Literacy and Subjective Well-Being of Young and Middle-Aged Residents: Perceived the Mediating Role of Social Support and Its Urban-Rural Differences

This study investigates mental health literacy among young and middle-aged urban and rural residents and the differences in mental health literacy,perceived social support and subjective well-being.From January to February 2022,620 participants(320 rural and 300 urban residents)from three provinces of China were selected by con-venience sampling.A general data questionnaire,mental health literacy scale,perceived social support scale and subjective well-being scale were administered.The mental health literacy scores of urban residents were 3.34±0.57 and those of rural residents were 2.73±0.79.The results of multiple regression analysis showed that the mental health literacy scores of rural residents were more significant than those of urban residents in terms of sex and age,while urban residents’mental health literacy scores were more significant than those of rural resi-dents in terms of monthly income.Mental health literacy,perceived social support and subjective well-being of young and middle-aged urban and rural residents were all positively correlated(P<0.01).While the level of mental health literacy is better among urban residents than rural residents,perceived social support plays a partial mediating role between mental health literacy and subjective well-being of both urban and rural residents,and should be the focus of researchers seeking to improve the level of well-being of residents.

Effect of Age and Sex on Stroke Mortality of Young and Middle-aged Adults in China,2002–2019,and Predictions to 2030

Objective This study aimed to examine the trends in stroke mortality among young and middle-aged adults in China.Methods Data were obtained from the China national vital registration system.Significant changes in mortality were assessed by Joinpoint regression.Age-period-cohort analysis was used to explain the reasons for the changes.Future mortality and counts were predicted by the Bayesian age-period-cohort model.Results Between 2002 and 2019,a total of 6,253,951 stroke mortality in young and middle-aged adults were recorded.The age-adjusted mortality rates(AAMRs)of women showed a downward trend.The annual percent changes(APC)were-3.5%(-5.2%,-1.7%)for urban women and-2.8%(-3.7%,-1.9%)for rural women.By contrast,the AAMRs per 100,000 for rural men aged 25–44 years continued to rise from 9.40 to 15.46.The AAMRS for urban men aged 25–44 years and urban and rural men aged 45–64years did not change significantly.Between 2020 and 2030,the projected stroke deaths are 1,423,584 in men and 401,712 in women.Conclusion Significant sex and age disparities in the trends of stroke mortality among young and middle-aged adults were identified in China.Targeted health policy measures are needed to address the burden of stroke in the young generation,especially for rural men,with a focus on the prevention and management of high risk factors.

Influencing factors of fatigue in young and middle-aged patients with coronary heart disease:a cross-sectional study

Objective:To examine the present state of fatigue in young and middle-aged patients with coronary heart disease(CHD)and to identify the elements that may be affecting it.Methods:From December 2020 to June 2021,240 young and middle-aged patients with CHD who were being treated in the cardiology department of a tertiary care hospital in Suzhou were chosen using a convenience sampling method in order to gather data on the patients’sociodemographic status,fatigue,social support,and stress.Results:Of the 240 disseminated questionnaires,220 valid responses were returned,resulting in an effective recovery rate of 91.67%.The frequency of exhaustion was 51.8%,and the fatigue score was(5.27±2.77).The stress score was(11.15±3.36),while the overall social support score was(39.13±4.72).Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that age,exercise,staying up late,stress,social support,high-sensitivity troponin T,high-density lipoprotein,and ejection fraction were independent risk factors for fatigue in young and middle-aged patients with CHD(P<0.05).Conclusions:Fatigue is more prevalent in young and middle-aged patients with CHD.Clinical nurses can create a unique management plan for patients based on their lifestyle and behavioral patterns,stress levels,social support,and clinical signs to reduce fatigue.

Association of fatigue with short-term prognosis in young and middle-aged patients with coronary heart disease

Background:To investigate the effect of fatigue on the short-term prognosis of young and middle-aged patients with coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods:A cross-sectional,observational survey was distributed at a tertiary hospital in Suzhou,China.Patients were assessed for fatigue and their prognosis was assessed at 3 and 6 months after discharge.General Information Questionnaire,Fatigue Scale and Seattle Angina Questionnaire(SAQ)were used for the survey.The Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze the impact of fatigue on the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events(MACEs)at 3 and 6 months after discharge.Multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the effect of fatigue on health-related quality of life(HRQoL)at 3 and 6 months after discharge.Results:199 patients were followed up with in the end.43 patients(21.6%)with MACE three months after discharge had a total SAQ score of(399.76±39.61).The overall SAQ score was(425.14±22.66)and 52 patients(26.1%)experienced MACE six months after discharge.Fatigue was identified as a risk factor for MACE 6 months after discharge by the Cox proportional hazard model(HR=2.939,95%CI:0.177~0.655,P=0.001)and as an independent risk factor for quality of life 3 and 6 months after discharge by multiple linear regression(P<0.001).Conclusions:In individuals who are young or middle-aged and have coronary heart disease,fatigue is a risk factor for the short-term prognosis.It is advised that clinical professionals prioritize patient fatigue assessment and improve management of fatigue symptoms.

Factors associated with financial support in old age for young and middle-aged rural residents in China

This study examined the factors associated with financial support in old age from three primary mechanisms-personal savings,family support,and social insurance-to explore the implications for the future development of China's rural social welfare system.Cross-sectional surveys of 1392 young and middle-aged rural residents were conducted in July and August2012.The results showed that while social insurance was increasingly acceptable,personal savings and family support still had fundamental value.Combining the three mechanisms,the rural old-age welfare system presented nontraditional features.China's new rural endowment insurance is discussed as a means to address the need for financial support among the rural aging population.

Psychosocial Adaptation Level and Work Participation Rate of Young and Middle-aged Patients with Coronary Heart Disease after PCI

[Objectives]The research aimed to understand the psychosocial adjustment to illness of young and middle-aged patients with coronary heart disease after PCI and their participation situation in work.[Methods]210 young and middle-aged patients aged 18-59 years with coronary heart disease treated by PCI in a tertiary hospital of Suzhou from July of 2020 to November of 2022 were selected,and general information of patients in three days after operation was registered.Self-report psychosocial adjustment to illness scale(PAIS-SR)was used to investigate the psychosocial adjustment to illness of patients in 1,3 and 6 months after operation and the participation rate of work.[Results]The psychosocial adjustment to illness of young and middle-aged patients with coronary heart disease after PCI was different in gender,age,education level,marital status,hypertension,diabetes,postoperative cardiac color Doppler ultrasound results(left ventricular ejection fraction)and the number of stents(P<0.05).[Conclusions]The psychosocial adjustment to illness of young and middle-aged patients with coronary heart disease after PCI needs to be improved.The psychosocial adjustment to illness of men is higher than that of women.The older the age is,the lower the psychosocial adjustment to illness is.The psychosocial adjustment to illness of patients with high educational background is higher than those with low educational background,while the psychosocial adjustment to illness of married people is higher than unmarried people.The psychosocial adjustment to illness of patients with hypertension and/or diabetes is lower.

Correlation of blood uric acid level with the degree of anxiety as well as the neurotransmitter and cytokine secretion in young and middle-aged patients with anxiety disorder

Objective:To study the correlation of blood uric acid level with the degree of anxiety as well as the neurotransmitter and cytokine secretion in young and middle-aged patients with anxiety disorder.Methods: The young and middle-aged patients diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder in our hospital between March 2015 and February 2018 were selected as the anxiety group, and the healthy subjects receiving physical examination during the same period were selected as the control group. Peripheral blood was collected to determine the contents of uric acid, neurotransmitters and cytokines, and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) was adopted to judge the degree of anxiety.Results: The blood uric acid level of anxiety group was obviously higher than that of control group and the higher the HAMA scores, the more significant the rising of blood uric acid levels;serum 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-17 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) contents of anxiety group were significantly higher than those of control group whereas neuropeptide Y (NPY), IL-4 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) contents were significantly lower than those of control group;blood uric acid level of the anxiety group was positively correlated with 5-HT, NE, DA, IL-1 , IL-17 and IFN-γ contents, and negatively correlated with NPY, IL-4 and TGF-β contents.Conclusion: The rise of blood uric acid level in young and middle-aged patients with anxiety disorder is related to the aggravation of anxiety degree as well as the abnormal secretion of neurotransmitters and cytokines.

Experience of Treating Hypertension from Liver and Spleen Among Middle-Aged and Young Patients:A Summary

Qi deficiency of the spleen and stomach,transportation,phlegm and dampness generate endogenous and turbid phlegm that violates the position of yang clearance.As a result,dizziness cis resulted.The author believes that the incidence of middle-aged and young patients with hypertension is mostly related to the dysfunction of liver and spleen.Liver depression and qi stagnation is the beginning of the onset;spleen deficiency and dyskinesia is the norm of the onset;and liver and spleen imbalance is the origin of the onset.It is advocated that regulating the liver and spleen to restore the rise and fall,harmonizing qi and blood and preventing lesions are the main treatment methods for the treatment of middle-aged and young people’s hypertension,which is conducive to the development of more clinical diagnosis and treatment ideas for hypertension amomg middle-aged and young people.

The Ecological Effects of Young Elm Trees Belt-Pumpkin Strip Intercropping System at the Agro-Pastoral Ecotone in Northern China

Young elm trees belt-pumpkin strip intercropping was studied to solve the actual problem of resource losses in the large barren area resulted from reconverting cultivated land into forest in the agro-pastoral ecotone in northern China. The final objective was to realize effective utilization of the barren land with both ecological improvement and economic development. Field experiments were conducted together with laboratory analysis. The results indicated that the soil moisture level was remarkably increased in young elm trees belt-pumpkin strip intereropping because the pumpkin vines covered the gap between pumpkin planting-furrow and elm trees belt. The water use efficiency of the intercropping system was increased by 23.7-163.3% as compared with the single cropping. Elm trees belt-pumpkin strip intercropping changed the sequential succession trend of the grasses growing in the gap of the pumpkin planting-furrow. The annual grasses become the dominant vegetation. The nutritive value as fodder and yield of the annual grasses were also increased remarkably. The biomass of pumpkin, elm trees and grasses under intercropping increased by 24.4, 28.4 and 144.4%, respectively, as compared with those under single cropping. The land use efficiency was increased by 132%. It was also indicated that the soil erosion from the intercropping land was not increased due to pumpkin plantation. The differences in the soil erosion among intercropped area, elm trees belt and pumpkin strip with single cropping were not remarkable. Therefore, it was concluded that young elm trees belt-pumpkin strip intercropping is an effective way to utilize the barren land between the young elm trees belt and realize synergistic enhancement of ecological benefit and economic profit.

不同覆盖措施对寒地苹果园土壤物理特性和树体生长的影响

为探索适合东北寒地雨养苹果园幼树生长的土壤覆盖技术,以当地主栽苹果品种龙丰为试材,连续2年采用稻草、玉米秸秆、食用菌菌渣和园艺地布覆盖,以清耕为对照,研究不同覆盖处理对苹果园土壤温度、含水量、容重、孔隙度以及树体生长的影响。结果表明:覆盖可显著影响表层土壤温度,与清耕对照相比,覆盖稻草显著降低了土壤温度,覆盖玉米秸秆和覆盖食用菌菌渣能够稳定土壤温度;覆盖处理显著提高了土壤含水量,以覆盖食用菌菌渣最佳,5—10月平均土壤含水量较对照提高40.5%;覆盖有机材料可降低土壤容重,增加土壤孔隙度,在成熟期与对照差异显著,以覆盖玉米秸秆最佳。覆盖促进了龙丰幼树生长,春梢长度和新梢长度、粗度增加,干径增加,促进了叶片生长。综合比较,覆盖园艺地布促进树体生长效果最佳,覆盖玉米秸秆和覆盖食用菌菌渣对改善土壤环境效果最好,同时也能够促进树体生长。

外源调环酸钙对苹果幼树生长发育和叶片矿质营养的影响

以1年生华红/B160苹果树为试材,喷施不同浓度调环酸钙,测定秋梢生长初期新梢长势和叶部矿质元素含量的动态变化,以及第2年的成花情况,以探求外源施用调环酸钙对苹果幼树新梢生长的调控效应,筛选出适宜的调环酸钙喷施方案。结果表明:喷施调环酸钙的华红幼树秋梢生长量受到显著抑制,而新梢粗度、成花率和单株花序数提高;叶片N、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、B含量增加。通过主成分分析综合调控效益,发现外源喷施400 mg/L调环酸钙在秋梢控旺及促进树体营养吸收方面有较好的调控效果。

不同土壤处理对重茬地苹果幼树生长结果的影响

重茬栽培存在重茬障碍问题,严重影响苹果幼树的生长发育。作者研究不同土壤处理对重茬地苹果幼树生长结果的影响。结果表明,不同土壤处理均有较好效果,明显提高果树成活率、促进树体生长发育、提高果实产量和品质。其中,多菌灵+菌肥、棉隆熏蒸+菌肥、客土3个处理的效果最好,可在实际生产中推广应用。

Foxes ’nest’ in tree

A family of foxes has made its home 30ft up in the air at the top of a tree in Suffolk.Donna Martell, from Ipswich, discovered the unlikely den (窝)after noticing a young fox club scaling

施肥和透光抚育对红皮云杉幼龄人工林林木生长的影响

为解决云杉(Picea)属树种早期生长缓慢影响大径材用材林的培育周期,可通过合理施肥和抚育措施结合处理,促进树高生长和地径增加。以落叶松林下红皮云杉(Picea koraiensis)10年生人工幼龄林木为研究对象,随机设置12块10 m×10 m的固定样地,肥料类型选择氮(N-尿素)、氮磷(NP-尿素+过磷酸钙)、氮磷钾(NPK-尿素+过磷酸钙+磷酸钾)。设置2种施肥时间,1)生长季前中后期施肥。每年在生长季初(5月中旬)、中(7月中旬)、后期(8月中旬)施肥3次,连续重复施肥4 a;2)生长季前中末期施肥。每年在生长季初(5月中旬)、中(7月中旬)、末期(9月中旬)施肥3次,连续重复施肥4 a。透光抚育设置,施肥一个生长季后对上层落叶松林木进行生长伐,抚育后林分郁闭度为0.6。通过研究施肥和透光抚育对林木生长的影响,旨在开发促进红皮云杉幼树生长的施肥管理技术,以缩短幼龄林生长周期。施NPK肥促进红皮云杉幼树树高和地径生长的效果好于只施单一肥料或氮磷2种肥料的混合肥。生长季前中末期施加NPK肥处理的树高、地径年生长量比生长季前中后期施加NPK肥的处理分别高41.11%和49.81%。透光抚育后不同年份之间林木的树高年生长量差异不显著,地径年生长量差异显著,3个生长季后树高和地径的年生长量与抚育前相比差异不显著。生长季前中后期施肥结合透光抚育处理2个生长季后树高和地径的年生长量与对照差异显著,3个生长季后只有地径的年生长量与对照差异显著。生长季前中末期施氮磷钾肥处理(NPK2)结合透光抚育处理3个生长季后,地径年生长量分别高出对照和生长季前中后期施氮磷钾肥(NPK1)结合透光抚育的处理153.16%和10.31%。施肥与透光抚育结合处理可以提高红皮云杉地径的年生长量,在连续施肥4 a时达到显著水平,生长季前中末期施肥效果好于前中后期施肥。研究结果为解决林下造林红皮云杉人工林木幼龄期生长缓慢、缩短红皮云杉大径材用材林培育周期奠定了基础。

基于决策树算法的青年女性腰臀部识别

为提高青年女性腰臀部分类的准确性,为个性化定制提供依据,构建了一种基于决策树算法的青年女性腰臀部识别模型。采用聚类分析对收集到的153名18~25岁的青年女性腰臀部数据进行分类,提取5项反映腰臀部形态的典型指标,根据指标将腰臀部形态分为3类;再运用CART决策树算法将样本数据按70∶30的比例划分为训练集和测试集,并根据基尼系数选择最佳节点和最佳分支,构造分类树,研究青年女性腰臀部形态的分类规则,以可视化的形式来展现结果。结果表明:青年女性的臀部形态可分为3种,即凸臀体、正常体和凸腹体。决策树算法对腰臀部的分类识别效果良好,是一种切实有效的算法。

生物发酵饼肥在沃柑幼树上的应用效果研究

为了进一步提升南宁市武鸣区沃柑的品质与效益,探究有机肥料结合化肥施用对调节沃柑树体营养变化和改善沃柑春梢生长期农艺性状的作用,在南宁市武鸣区沃柑幼树园中进行肥效对比试验。结果表明,施用8%生物发酵饼肥4 500 kg/hm~2+45%硫基复合肥(15-15-15)750 kg/hm~2后,沃柑叶片转绿快、叶色浓绿。施用8%生物发酵饼肥4 500 kg/hm~2+45%硫基复合肥(15-15-15)750 kg/hm~2对沃柑树势、春梢的前期伸长生长有一定促进作用,能增加挂果数量。生物发酵饼肥能明显提高沃柑幼树树势,调节沃柑树体营养变化。

神木市山地苹果幼树期和丰产期的周年施肥管理技术

近年来神木本地苹果园数量逐年增加,果园管理中出现了施肥种类单一、施肥时间不合理、施肥方式不当、施肥次数不足以及施肥种类搭配不科学等一系列问题,严重制约着本地山地果树的高效发展。合理的施肥可以缩短苹果幼树期树形成型时间,提高丰产期苹果的产量和品质。施肥时间、施肥位置、施肥方式、施肥类型和施肥量都会影响肥料的利用率,苹果在幼树期主要以培养树形为主,进入丰产期既要保证枝条健壮生长又要促进花芽分化,苹果在不同的树龄或在相同树龄的不同生长期所需要的养分都不尽相同。通过多年果园管理经验,结合试验总结出本地山地苹果树幼树期和丰产期合理的施肥时间、施肥位置、施肥方式、施肥类型、肥料搭配和施肥量等,让山地果园肥水管理重点突出,有的放矢,达到降本增效的作用,促进果园的良性发展。现将此山地苹果肥水管理技术详细阐述,以期为当地果农提供参考,促进本地山地苹果良性发展。

不同修剪方法对沃柑幼树成形及早期产量的影响

[目的]研究不同修剪方法对沃柑幼树成形、早期产量的影响,为沃柑幼树修剪整形提供参考。[方法]对桂林市农业科学研究中心3年生枳砧沃柑进行春夏秋梢摘心以及留梢长30、20、15 cm短截整形修剪处理,记录新梢数、新梢长度、末级枝梢数、果实可溶性固形物含量、平均单果重和单株产量等。[结果]沃柑幼树不同修剪程度对其早期产量的影响表现为留梢30 cm短截>轻剪>留梢20 cm短截>留梢15 cm短截。留梢30 cm短截处理后的3年生沃柑株高173 cm、冠径146 cm(东西)×218 cm(南北),产量高达51180 kg/hm^(2)。[结论]以留梢30 cm短截处理效果最好,更有利于沃柑早期产量的提升,能有效提高橘园前期经济效益。

滴灌节水减氮对苹果幼树生长与光合特征的影响

【目的】探寻北方半干旱地区滴灌条件下适宜苹果幼树生长的最佳节水减氮水肥管理制度。【方法】设置灌水量与施肥量2个因素。其中,灌水量设置3个水平,分别维持土壤含水率占田间持水率的比例为75%~90%(W1)、60%~75%(W2)、45%~60%(W3);施肥量设置4个水平,N-P_(2)O_(5)-K_(2)O施用量分别为18-12-6 g/株(F1)、15-12-6 g/株(F2)、12-12-6 g/株(F3)、9-12-6 g/株(F4),分析不同灌水量与施肥量对苹果幼树生长和光合特征的影响。【结果】2 a试验中,不同水肥调控下苹果幼树各生育期植株生长量、基茎生长量和叶面积最大值基本均出现在F2W2处理,轻度水分亏缺与适当降低施肥量有利于苹果幼树生长。苹果幼树叶片叶绿素相对量(SPAD)在萌芽开花期开始增加,在其他生育期均表现为F1施肥水平>F2施肥水平>F3施肥水平>F4施肥水平,在坐果膨大期和成熟期均表现为W1灌水水平>W2灌水水平>W3灌水水平,2 a试验中最大值均出现在F1W1处理。Pn和Tr基本上随施肥量和灌水量的增加而增加,最大的水分利用效率分别出现在F1W2处理和F2W2处理,分别相比F1W1处理提高了8.6%和5.3%。苹果幼树植株生长量、叶面积、SPAD及光合指标之间均具有较好的相关性。【结论】本试验条件下,F2W2处理是苹果幼树种植的最佳水肥管理制度,可为北方半干旱区滴灌条件下的苹果幼树节水减氮研究提供理论依据。

开心形果树幼树整形技术

梨树、桃树等果树在平原地区种植所采取的主要树形是开心形。本文在阐述果树整形分类的基础上,结合果树幼树整形实践,重点介绍开心形果树幼树培养,定主干、三大骨干枝和六大主枝的具体技术要领,以期为平原地区发展果树提供技术参考。