Subaqueous volcanic eruptive facies,facies model and its reservoir significance in a continental lacustrine basin:A case from the Cretaceous in Chaganhua area of southern Songliao Basin,NE China

The conventional lithofacies and facies model of subaerial and marine pyroclastic rocks cannot reflect the characteristics of subaqueous volcanic edifice in lacustrine basins.In order to solve this problem,the lithofacies of subaqueous eruptive pyroclastic rocks is discussed and the facies model is established by taking the tuff cone of Cretaceous Huoshiling Formation in the Chaganhua area of the Changling fault depression,Songliao Basin as the research object.The results indicate that the subaqueous eruptive pyroclastic rocks in the Songliao Basin can be divided into two facies and four subfacies.The two facies are the subaqueous explosive facies and the volcanic sedimentary facies that is formed during the eruption interval.The subaqueous explosive facies can be further divided into three subfacies:gas-supported hot pyroclastic flow subfacies,water-laid density current subfacies and subaqueous fallout subfacies.The volcanic sedimentary facies consists of pyroclastic sedimentary rocks containing terrigenous clast subfacies.A typical facies model of the tuff cone that is formed by subaqueous eruptions in the Songliao Basin was established.The tuff cone is generally composed of multiple subaqueous eruption depositional units and can be divided into two facies associations:near-source facies association and far-source facies association.The complete vertical succession of one depositional unit of the near-source facies association is composed of pyroclastic sedimentary rocks containing terrigenous clast subfacies,gas-supported hot pyroclastic flow subfacies,water-laid density current subfacies and subaqueous fallout subfacies from bottom to top.The depositional unit of the far-source facies association is dominated by the subaqueous fallout subfacies and contains several thin interlayered deposits of the water-laid density current subfacies.The gas-supported hot pyroclastic flow subfacies and the pyroclastic sedimentary rocks containing terrigenous clast subfacies are favorable subaqueous eruptive facies for reservoirs in continental lacustrine basins.

Paleotopographic controls on facies development in various types of braid-delta depositional systems in lacustrine basins in China

Braid-delta depositional systems are widely developed in most continental basins in China. Research indicates that, for different types of braid delta, the facies sequence and association, which are critical to the prediction of the distribution of reservoirs, differ greatly. This study illustrates the differences in braid-delta depositional systems in terms of sedimentary characteristics, associated systems and reser- voir distributions using three typical paleodeltas in western China： the Zhenbei delta of the upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin, the Yuanba delta of the upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the Sichuan Basin and the Jimsar delta of the upper Permian Wutonggou Formation in the Junggar Basin. A stratigraphic framework was established using seismic data, logs and cores by choosing stable mud sections as regional correlation markers and, topographies of these deltas were reconstructed based on the decompaction and paleobathymetric corrections. Based on both the paleotopography of these deltas and the differences of their sedimentary facies, these braided deltas can be classified into two systems： steep-gradient braid-delta-turbidite system and low-gradient braid-delta-lacustrine system. Moreover, the low-gradient braid-delta-lacustrine system can be further divided into interfingered and sharp contact sub-types according to the contact relation between the delta sands and lacustrine muds. This study shows that the paleotopography of basin margins strongly controls the accommodation as braid deltas prograde into lacustrine basins and, influences the location of the shoreline in response to changes in the lake level. Furthermore, paleotopography plays a significant role in facies and reservoir distribution which is important for petroleum exploration and development.

Distribution Prediction of Middle-deep Lacustrine Source Rocks in Eocene Wenchang Formation in the Kaiping Sag,Pearl Mouth Basin

Oil and gas shows are rich in drilling wells in Kaiping sag,however,large oilfield was still not found in this area.For a long time,it is thought that source rocks were developed in the middle-deep lacustrine facies in the Eocene Wenchang Formation,while there is no source rocks that in middle-deep lacustrine facies have been found in well.Thickness of Wenchang Formation is big and reservoirs with good properties could be found in this formation.Distribution and scale of source rock are significant for further direction of petroleum exploration.Distribution characterization of middle-deep lacustrine facies is the base for source rock research.Based on the sedimentary background,fault activity rate,seismic response features,and seismic attributes were analyzed.No limited classification method and multi-attributes neural network deep learning method were used for predicting of source rock distribution in Wenchang Formation.It is found that during the deposition of lower Wenchang Formation,activity rate of main fault controlling the sub sag sedimentation was bigger than 100 m/Ma,which formed development background for middle-deep lacustrine facies.Compared with the seismic response of middle-deep lacustrine source rocks developed in Zhu I depression,those in Kaiping sag are characterized in low frequency and good continuity.Through RGB frequency decomposition,areas with low frequency are main distribution parts for middle-deep lacustrine facies.Dominant frequency,instantaneous frequency,and coherency attributes of seismic could be used in no limited classification method for further identification of middle-deep lacustrine facies.Based on the limitation of geology knowledge,multi-attributes of seismic were analyzed through neural network deep learning method.Distribution of middle-deep lacustrine facies in the fourth member of Wenchang Formation is oriented from west to east and is the largest.Square of the middle-deep lacustrine facies in that member is 154 km^(2)and the volume is 50 km^(3).Achievements could be bases for hydrocarbon accumulation study and for exploration target optimization in Kaiping sag.

Stable Carbon Isotopic Compositions of Methylated-MTTC in Crude Oils from Saline Lacustrine Depositional Environment:Source Implications

Significantly high abundant methyl-Methyl Trimethyl Tridecyl Chromans （MTTCs） have been detected in aromatic hydrocarbon fractions in crude oils from the Jizhong Depression and Jianghan Basin. The distribution of these compounds is dominated by methyl-MTTC and dimethyl- MTTC series, which indicate diagenetic products of a hypersaline depositional environment in the early stage and show a low degree of methylation. The occurrence of significantly high abundant methyl-MTTC depends mainly on good preservation conditions with a strongly reductive, hypersaline and water-columned depositional environment and subsequent non-intensive diagenetic transformations. The stable carbon isotopic compositions of the methyl-MTTCs and dimethyl-MTTCs in two samples are far different from the stable carbon isotopic composition of C30 hopane of apparent bacteria biogenesis （up to 4.11‰ and 5.75‰, respectively）. This obviously demonstrates that the methyl-MTTC and dimethyl-MTTCs cannot be of bacteria origin, which is different from the previous point of view about non-photosynthetic bacteria products or possible bacteria-reworked products. On the contrary, the stable carbon isotopic compositions of methyl-MTTC and dimethyl-MTTCs in the two samples were similar to that of the same carbon-numbered n-alkanes （nC27-nC28-nC29）, which indicates that they share the same source origin. Especially in the crude oil from the Zhao61 well, stable carbon isotopic compositions are also similar to that of the same carbon-numbered steranes with ααα- 20R isomer （mostly less than 0.4‰）. In consideration of the results of previous studies on saline lake ecological sedimentation, the authors hold that the methyl-MTTC and dimethyl-MTTCs in the saline lake sediments should be of algal biogenesis origin.

Lacustrine high resolution sequence records from Upper Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation in Songliao Basin

The Nenjiang Formation was continuously cored in the SK-1 borehole(China Cretaceous Continental Scientific Drilling Project-SongKe1well).Over 95.7%recovery rate,the obtained continuous core is 827.6 m in length,covering the geological age ranges from late Santonian to middle Campanian.This is the most complete and continuous sedimentary deposits in the Songliao basin till now.Here we systematically presented the lithological results of the observation of the cores in 2--5 cm thickness scale at the drilling spot,and the analysis on lithofacies and sedimentary sequence,cyclic stratigraphy.13 types of sedimentary rocks deposited mainly in lacustrine,delta and fluvial environments were found in the Nenjiang Fromation,and they were subdivided into 19 microfacies including dolomite,marl,argillaceous limestone,turbidite,mudstone of still water,volcanic ash,channel-lag deposit,point bar,natural levee,crevasse splay,crevasse channel,floodplain,flood lake,distributary mouth bar,subaqueous distributary channels,subaqueous natural levee,subaqueous inter-distributary bay,distal bar and adjacent shore sand bar.The whole sedimentary column is composed of 630 sixth-order depositional cycles in the meter-scale,which can be further organized in 148 fifth-order depositional cycles,38 fourth-order depositional cycles and 5 third-order depositional cycles.Meticulous depiction(centimeter level)of the whole Formation provides an approach to study its sedimentary process with high precision.The centimeter-scale description of the sequent core presented some previously unidentified dolomite and volcanic ash layers.The cyclostratigraphy of the Nenjiang Formation was controlled by Milankovitch cycled,which is helpful to discover the climatic changes of the late Santonian to the middle Campanian in Songliao Basin.In addition,the detailed description of the sequent section is significant for the upcoming oil and gas exploration in the Songliao Basin if regarding the new type of oil/gas systems.

四川盆地仪陇—平昌地区侏罗系凉高山组页岩油地质特征及富集条件

基于钻井岩心的地球化学及其他实验分析结果,结合生产测试资料,对四川盆地仪陇—平昌地区侏罗系凉高山组页岩油地质特征及富集条件进行研究,并划分了勘探有利区。研究结果表明:(1)仪陇—平昌地区凉高山组为早侏罗世第3次湖盆扩张期的沉积产物,整体经历了凉下段滨湖—浅湖、凉上段中—下部深湖—半深湖及浅湖、凉上段上部三角洲前缘和浅湖的沉积环境变化。(2)研究区凉高山组页岩可分为长英质页岩、钙质页岩、黏土质页岩等3种;页岩有机质丰度高,TOC值为0.50%~3.39%,平均值为1.30%,有机质类型以Ⅱ_(1)和Ⅱ_(2)型为主,热演化程度高,镜质体反射率(Ro)为1.00%~1.90%,处于高—过成熟阶段。(3)凉高山组页岩物性较好,孔隙度为0.48%~7.17%,平均为3.61%,发育无机成因孔、有机孔和构造缝等储集空间类型;含油性较好,以轻质组分为主,整体呈零散状、点状分布,局部呈团块状富集;凉上段下部富有机质页岩更发育,是目前勘探的重点层位。(4)凉高山组页岩油气的富集受控于前陆盆地过渡期的弱沉降环境、大面积分布的深湖相沉积、较高的热演化程度以及普遍发育的微裂缝。中南部为页岩油气潜力区,页岩储层厚度一般大于15 m,TOC值大于1.50%,孔隙度大于4.00%,R_(o)大于1.30%;凉高山组页岩油资源量为26.75×10^(8)t、页岩气资源量为1.72×10^(12)m^(3),有望成为四川盆地石油产量增加的主力层系。

东海陆架盆地椒江凹陷月桂峰组湖相烃源岩特征及发育主控因素

20世纪90年代在椒江凹陷钻探发现了油气显示,揭示了油气勘探前景,但此后该凹陷研究较少,尤其是烃源岩缺乏系统研究,制约了勘探进程。为了厘清椒江凹陷月桂峰组烃源岩特征及发育模式,为该凹陷下步勘探部署提供依据,本文从梳理月桂峰组构造-沉积背景出发,利用有机岩石学、生物标志化合物、微量元素等地球化学资料分析了烃源岩特征,在此基础上从古生产力、保存条件、沉降速率三方面讨论了月桂峰组有机质富集的控制因素,建立了烃源岩发育模式。研究表明:月桂峰组烃源岩为陆相箕状断陷湖泊背景下发育的暗色泥岩,有机质类型Ⅱ1-Ⅱ2型,有机质丰度按行业标准达到好—很好,纵向上湖扩期烃源岩厚度最大、分布最广、品质最好;优质烃源岩发育受水生生物发育、半封闭的稳定水体-微咸水环境和适中的构造沉降速率共同控制;箕状断陷背景下缓坡带和洼槽带均发育烃源岩,但二者类型和丰度不同,洼槽带发育水生生物贡献为主、偏还原环境下形成的中深湖相优质烃源岩,缓坡带发育陆源高等植物贡献为主、偏氧化环境下形成的滨浅湖相中等烃源岩。

原油物性演化规律新发现及其对页岩油勘探的启示

针对烃源岩生成的原油物性随热演化如何变化的问题,本文基于对准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷下二叠统风城组和吉木萨尔凹陷中二叠统芦草沟组下段源储紧邻自生自储页岩油物性、地化特征、成藏特征及原油物性与烃源岩热演化关系的分析,综合烃源岩生烃热模拟实验结果与国内外相关文献资料,首次确认了咸化湖相烃源岩生成的原油物性与烃源岩热演化程度之间的变化规律。认为页岩油源岩生成的原油密度和黏度具有随热演化程度增强先增加而后降低的规律,其中生油高峰附近生成的原油非烃相对含量、密度和黏度最高。该认识不仅是对已有的石油地质学中原油物性随热演化规律认识的进一步厘定和修正,而且对页岩油甜点段、甜点区的选择以及页岩油原位转化等都有极为重要和现实的指导作用。

湖盆水下喷发火山岩相类型、特征与储集意义——以松辽盆地南部查干花地区白垩系为例

为解决传统的陆上和海域火山碎屑岩岩相及相模式难以反映湖盆水下火山机构特征的问题,以松辽盆地长岭断陷查干花地区白垩系火石岭组凝灰岩丘为研究对象,探讨水下喷发火山碎屑岩岩相并建立相模式。研究表明,水下喷发火山碎屑岩可分为2种相4种亚相,其中2种相为水下爆发相和喷发间歇期形成的火山沉积相。水下爆发相可进一步分为气携水下热碎屑流、水携火山密度流和水下降落3种亚相;火山沉积相由含外碎屑火山碎屑沉积岩1种亚相构成。松辽盆地水下喷发形成典型的凝灰岩丘相模式,凝灰岩丘通常由多个水下喷发堆积单元叠加构成,可分为近源和远源两个相组。近源相组完整的堆积单元从下到上依次由含外碎屑火山碎屑沉积岩亚相-气携水下热碎屑流亚相-水携火山高密度流亚相和水下降落亚相构成;远源相组的堆积单元以发育水下降落亚相为主,夹有多个薄层水携高密度流亚相沉积。气携水下热碎屑流亚相和火山沉积相含外碎屑火山碎屑沉积岩亚相是陆相湖盆水下喷发有利储集层发育的优势岩相。

巴西M油田白垩系湖相碳酸盐岩沉积相类型及分布

基于岩心沉积构造、古生物及其组合,结合测井相、地震相分析,对巴西桑托斯盆地M油田下白垩统的沉积环境与沉积相进行了深入研究,提出一种新的沉积微相分类方案。研究表明:研究区下白垩统Ⅰ组主体为淡水开阔湖泊滨浅湖沉积,发育介壳滩、颗粒滩、滩间洼地、浅湖灰泥、滩缘、滑塌扇等沉积微相,局部为咸水丘滩型等湖泊滨浅湖沉积;B组为咸水丘滩型滨浅湖沉积,发育藻丘、颗粒滩、丘缘、滩缘、丘间洼地、藻灰坪等沉积微相。自下而上,湖盆水体逐渐变浅,呈现从Ⅰ组以介壳滩-颗粒滩为主转变为B组以藻丘-颗粒滩为主的沉积格局。研究区湖相碳酸盐岩形成主要受控于古地貌、湖平面变化及水体介质的变化。构造沉降和湖平面变化控制可容空间,水体介质的变化控制生物类型,进而控制沉积微相类型,为沉积主要控制因素。藻丘及介壳滩等高能相带主要发育于古隆起部位,沉积厚度大,分布范围广,呈近南北向和北东-南西向展布;研究区东部迎风一侧发育颗粒滩,规模相对较小;丘间、滩间、浅湖灰泥等低能相带则主要发育于低洼部位。

东营凹陷中央隆起带沙三中洪水重力流浊积水道体系特征

以东营凹陷中央隆起带河155区域沙三中亚段深湖相重力流储层为例,利用岩心、钻井资料、地震数据等,对深湖相高密度洪水浊积水道沉积成因及分布特征进行分析。研究发现,研究区浊积岩中包含较多的碳屑、氧化环境中的泥砾和纹层状红色泥岩层、包卷层理棕红色泥岩等,揭示了高密度洪水事件诱发的深水重力流形成的浊积岩沉积特征。同时岩性上整体以细砂岩-粉砂岩为主,其沉积主体粒度概率曲线具有明显的两段式和三段式特征,且具有底冲刷构造,为明显的深水条件下的洪水诱发型重力流浊积水道特征。通过地震属性及储层分布图研究发现,研究区深水重力流沉积以浊积水道为主,朵页体位于水道末端,且规模较小、发育较差。研究区水道型重力流沉积发育在河125同沉积断层的下降盘,由于构造抬升导致坡度变陡,流体侵蚀能力更强,形成U形或V形侵蚀型水道。砂体沿河125断层滑下后沿沟谷继续向前搬运,受持续性洪水的补给,形成以砂质碎屑流和浊流为主的水道-朵叶体沉积。研究结果对研究区浊积岩的开发及井网调整具有重要的借鉴意义。

渤海湾盆地东营断陷湖盆充填模式研究

湖盆充填样式是评价烃源岩沉积学特征的重要手段。文中通过分析东营凹陷下第三系沙河街组烃源岩的沉积序列、地层发育特征和盆地充填演化过程,结合烃源岩的地球化学特征,将沙河街组烃源岩自下而上划分为3个发展演化阶段,并建立了蒸发岩相组合模式(沙四上亚段)、波动深湖相组合模式(沙三下亚段)和三角洲-湖泊相组合模式(沙三中亚段和沙三上亚段),它们分别对应了欠充填、平衡充填和过充填的湖泊类型,反映了湖泊从开始形成、扩张壮大到萎缩消亡的过程。

我国富含有机质泥页岩发育特点与页岩气战略选区

我国页岩气勘探才刚刚起步,目前研究主要集中在页岩气成藏条件和有利区评价方面。页岩气有利区优选还处于富含有机质泥页岩优选阶段,优选出的主要是页岩气发育远景区。受复杂地质背景和多阶段演化过程的影响,我国含油气盆地类型多、盆地结构复杂,盆地的不同演化规律直接控制着富含有机质泥页岩的发育与分布。为此,依据形成环境将富含有机质泥页岩划分为海相厚层富含有机质泥页岩、海陆交互相及陆相煤系地层富含有机质泥页岩、湖相富含有机质泥页岩这3种类型,并分别探讨了其页岩气勘探开发前景。结论认为:①海相厚层富含有机质页岩是我国近期页岩气勘探的首选;②海陆交互相及陆相煤系地层富含有机质泥页岩单层厚度较薄,但与致密砂岩气和煤层气有共生条件,发展页岩气与致密砂岩气等多类型天然气资源多层合采技术具有十分现实的意义;③湖相富含有机质泥页岩成岩程度普遍不高,需要进一步优选岩石强度较大、具备裸眼完井条件的层位进行勘探开发。

柴达木盆地咸湖相生油岩正构烷烃分布特征及其成因

柴达木盆地西部第三系咸水湖相生油岩样品分析资料表明,不同沉积相带生油岩正构烷烃系列有三种碳数分布模式。深湖相生油岩在C18～C28范围呈明显的偶碳数优势,而>C28范围无碳数优势;滨浅湖相样品在整个碳数范围内呈奇碳数优势分布;过渡相带地层正构烷烃在中碳数范围呈偶碳数优势分布,而高碳数(>C23)部分为奇碳数优势分布。经不同沉积相带样品之间的沉积环境地球化学指标和碳酸盐含量比较发现,本区咸湖相生油岩正构烷烃的分布不取决于沉积环境的氧化还原性和岩石的矿物组成,而主要与沉积相带中的有机质生源组成有关。偶碳数优势分布的正构烷烃成因并非如常规观点解释的那样,由正构脂肪酸、醇类的还原作用或经碳酸盐催化发生β断裂而来,而可能来源于咸化湖泊中的某种嗜盐细菌或其他微生物。

柴达木盆地原油地球化学特征及其源岩时代判识

在系统分析柴达木盆地北缘和西部各油田60余个原油样品轻烃、饱和烃和芳烃组成的基础上,全面揭示了两地区原油的标志性地球化学特征;并结合源岩分析资料,应用断代生物标志物建立了识别原油源岩时代的标志。研究结果表明,北缘各油田原油Mango轻烃参数K_1值波动在1.1上下,富含甲基环已烷和甲苯;正烷烃呈奇偶优势分布,姥鲛烷优势显著;反映侏罗系淡水湖沼相沉积有机质特征。西部原油K_1值大多在1.2以上,轻烃中富含异构支链化合物;正烷烃系列呈奇碳优势(C_(11)～C(17))和偶碳优势(C_(18)～C_(28))双重分布模式,强植烷优势;C_(28)甾烷相对含量高(>30％);脱羟基维生素E系列化合物丰富,5,7,8-三甲基-/8-甲基-MTTC比值大都低于10;表征古近系—新近系咸水湖相有机质性质。奥利烷和C_(26)降胆甾烷是区分侏罗系和古近系—新近系油源油的有效断代生物标志物。侏罗系原油无奥利烷,24-/(24-+27-)降胆甾烷比值小于0.25;古近系—新近系原油含有奥利烷,24-/(24-+27-)降胆甾烷比值高于0.6。

陆相和海相页岩储层孔隙结构差异性分析

页岩储层以微-纳米孔隙和裂缝作为页岩油气的赋存空间,对其孔隙结构特征的研究是明确页岩油气富集机理的关键,而陆相和海相页岩储层的孔隙结构特征存在巨大的差异。为此,运用场发射扫描电镜、CO_2吸附、N_2吸附、高压压汞分析和索氏抽提等方法,以沾化凹陷沙三段下亚段陆相页岩储层和川东南龙马溪组海相页岩储层为典型实例,深入分析陆相和海相页岩储层的孔隙结构差异。结果表明,沾化凹陷沙三段下亚段陆相页岩储层中有机质单体内部并未发育密集分布且相互连通的蜂窝状孔隙,具有极大孔体积的宏孔更为发育,能够为游离烃赋存提供良好的储集空间,控制着页岩油的富集。而川东南龙马溪组海相页岩储层中有机质单体内部密集发育相互连通的蜂窝状孔隙,具有极大比表面积的微孔最为发育,能够为吸附烃赋存提供足够的比表面,控制着页岩气的富集。

准噶尔盆地车排子地区新近系沙湾组沉积特征

根据岩心观察结果,结合钻井、地震及测井资料,对车排子地区新近系沙湾组沉积特征进行研究。结果表明:沙湾组发育辫状河三角洲-湖泊沉积体系,沉积物源来自北西方向的扎伊尔山;排2井区沙湾组二段下部砂体为水下分流河道沉积,而不是前人认为的滩坝沉积;沙湾组的平面沉积相呈北西-南东向展布,沉积演化从早到晚经历了辫状河三角洲前缘亚相、滨浅湖亚相和辫状河三角洲平原亚相的沉积时期;研究区水下分流河道和砂坝为有利储集相带。

鄂尔多斯盆地页岩气勘探潜力分析

鄂尔多斯盆地为大型富油气叠合盆地,发育奥陶系海相、石炭—二叠系海陆过渡相和三叠系湖相等多套页岩层系,具备页岩气形成的基本地质条件。为弄清该盆地页岩气的勘探潜力,通过野外地质勘查、岩心观察、老井资料复查,结合有机地球化学和岩石学分析、含气量测试、等温吸附曲线测定等实验结果,对其页岩气勘探潜力进行了初步评价。结论认为:①该区中奥陶统平凉组页岩分布范围和厚度较大,已进入大量生气阶段,但有机质丰度偏低,不利于页岩气成藏;②上三叠统延长组长7段页岩分布范围较广,厚度介于15～40m,有机质丰度很高,处于大量生油阶段,页岩气主要为热成因的伴生气,成藏条件较致密油要差;③石炭—二叠系页岩分布范围广,厚度介于50～150m,有机质丰度较高,处于大量生气阶段,含气量介于0.21×108～1.0×108 m3/t,页岩气勘探潜力最大。

四川盆地湖相页岩气地质特征与资源潜力

分析页岩有机质丰度、类型、成熟度等地球化学特征,及页岩沉积环境、地质特征和发育规模,研究四川盆地下侏罗统自流井组湖相页岩气地质特征及资源潜力。四川盆地自流井组湖相页岩主要发育于东岳庙段和大安寨段,页岩样品有机碳含量、干酪根显微组分、生物标志化合物和镜质体反射率等地球化学分析表明,页岩TOC值一般大于1.0%;有机质类型为Ⅱ1—Ⅲ型,湖盆中心主要为Ⅱ1型;Ro值为1.05%～1.82%,具有较强的生气能力。自流井组页岩厚度约为40～150 m,分布面积广,页岩平均孔隙度为1%～5%,渗透率主要为0.001×10 3～0.100×10 3μm2。湖相页岩发育3种地层组合模式:纯页岩、页岩夹灰质条带、页岩夹薄—中层介壳灰岩,页岩中石英含量较高,利于页岩气开采;页岩中发育的灰质条带、介壳灰岩可进一步提高页岩储集层的经济可采性。容积法估算四川盆地自流井组湖相页岩气资源量约为3.8×1012～8.7×1012m3。

陕甘宁盆地庆阳地区长8油层砂岩成岩作用及其对储层性质的影响

庆阳地区长 8油层为湖泊三角洲前缘沉积。水下分流河道和河口砂坝组成的指状砂坝控制了水下三角洲沉积格局。砂岩主要由细砂和少量中砂组成 ,砂岩类型主要为细粒岩屑长石砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩。主要成岩矿物为绿泥石环边、方解石胶结物、石英和长石加大生长、伊利石、伊—蒙混层、钠长石和高岭石等。绿泥石环边的发育对原生粒间孔的保存起到有利的作用 ,对石英和长石加大起到抑制作用。烃类注入时储层埋深已较大 ,不利于孔隙保存。储层发育粒间孔隙、粒内溶孔、铸模孔隙、特大孔隙、裂缝孔隙和微孔隙等多种孔隙类型 ,其中以粒间孔隙最为发育。局部发育的特大孔隙和伸长状孔隙表明该区发生了一定规模的次生溶蚀作用。长 8油层主要受埋藏作用的影响 ,成岩演化处于晚成岩A期。主要成岩相类型为绿泥石环边胶结成岩相、压实充填成岩相、压实压溶成岩相和碳酸盐胶结成岩相 ,不同成岩相类型决定了油气储层性质不同 ,绿泥石环边胶结成岩相构成了本区最好的储层类型。