Geochemistry of Sedimentary Rocks and Its Relation to Crustal Evolution and Mineralization in Southwest Yangtze Massif,China

Through a systematic study on trace elements and REE geochemistry of mudstonedeposited in the basin and lower slope environments during Upper Proterozoic to Triassic in theSouthwest Yangtze Massif, three gaxhemical abnormal horizons of which the gerehemicalcharacteristics are quite different from those of other horizons have been established for the firsttime. They are the Lower Cambrian, the Upper Devonian and the Upper Permian. As compared with the crustal evolution in this area, these three geochemical abnormal horizons are correspoding to the pullingapart perieds of gcotectonic cycles, which illustrates that the uncommon depositional sources Pouring into the basin from the earth’s interior may be one of themost important causes to originate the geochemical anomalies in these horizons. Thus it can berealized that the gaxhemistry of opst-Archean sedimentary rocks has a great deal to do with thecrustal evolution and it can be used as a tracer to analyze the crustal evolution. The elements inthis area are mainly concentrated in these geochemical abnormal horizons, and the degree of enrichment and deficiency of trace elements in other horizons is very limited. A series of researchon mineralization indicates that the main strata-bound ore deposits discovered in the SouthwestYangtze Massif occur in the Cambrian, Devonian and Permian-Triassic strata. The results ofisotope tracer research have also proved that most of the metallogenic elements in these ore dePosits came from the host strata, which illustrates that the geochemical abnormal horizons mayhave made great contributions to these ore-forming processes. Thus it can be concluded that itis only the particular horizons corresponding to the particular periods of earth’s evolution thatcan they be the significant source beds because only in these uncommon horizons there can behighly enriched metallogenic elements, which may be one of the most important reasons for explaining the time-bound nature of mineralization.

THE MAIN UPLIFT PROCESSES OF DEEP CRUSTAL ROCKS OF THE EARLY PROTEROZOIC OROGENIC BELT IN DAQINGSHAN AREA,INNER MONGOLIA

Deep crustal rocks of the Early Proterozoic orogenic belt (DCR)in Daqingshan area mainly included the synorogenicmetamorphic khondalite series and reworked Archeanbasement granulites. During the early stage about 1900～1800 Ma, the DCR consisted of five huge slices which obducted over and stacked up along a series of hightemperature shear zone (HTSZ), and were subsequently uplifted from the deep crustal level to the middle one accompanied with granuliteamphibolite facies retrometamorphic reworking in HTSZ. From 1800～1700 Ma, some slices and HTSZ mentioned above were oveprinted by several lowtemperature shear zone (LTSZ), of which the lowangle oblique thrusts caused these DCR to uplift again from the middle crustal level to the shallow one, and experienced retrometamorphic reworking of greenschist facies. These two stages of uplifting processes should be included in an entire Early Proterozoic orogenic cycle.

Tectonodynamic Adjustment of Crustal Materials in the Middle-Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River

Under the tectonodynamic process, crustal materials tend to experience two modes of adjustment: (1) structural (physical) adjustment, manifested by folding, faulting, uplifting, downwarping, etc.: (2) compositional adjustment, represented by element migration, concentration and dispersion, crystalline and dynamic differentiation of crystals, metamorphism, etc. (Yang Kaiqing. 1986; Yang Kaiqing et al., 1986). The dynamic adjustment of crustal materials in the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze mainly occurred in the Mesozoic under the conditions of intense collision between the North China (Dabie) massif and the Yangtze massif. The structural adjustment refers to various types of deformation within the two massifs and the intensive shortening of the stratigraphic coyer of the Yangtze massif, whereas the compositional adjustment implies the structural remelting of the basement and the ore. and rock- forming processes in the two massifs.

Geochemistry of Granitoid Rocks and Crustal Evolution, Zhejiang Province, China-Ⅱ.Proterozoic Granitoid Rocks

Proterozoic granitoid rocks in Zhejiang Province were formed in the Shengongian period (1. 8-1.9 Ga) and the Late Jinningian period (0. 6 -0. 9 Ga), respectively. Petrogenetic problems are discussed based on chemical (major, trace elements and REEs) and Nd-Sr isotopic compositions. The Shengongian granites resulted from partial melting of the Badu Groupand the Late Jinningian granites are of mantle dedvation with or without conednation of Crustalmaterial. The crust in Zhejiang had undergone three major periods of growth during 2. 6 - 2. 7Ga,0. 8 - 1. 1 Ga and 0. 10 - 0. 12 Ga after it was generated in Archean time. Compositional fractionation in the process of crust evolution is not evident. The presence of Late Jinningian granites of mantle- and man tie-crust-derivation along the JiangShan-Shaoxing Fault is indication ofcrust subduction at that time.

Geochemistry of Alkali-rich Igneous Rocks of Northern Xinjiang and Its Implications for Geodynamics

Five nearly E-W-trending alkali-rich igneous rock belts are distributed from north to south in northern Xinjiang, and they are composed mainly of riebeckite, K-feldspar granite and high-K and medium-K calc-alkaline volcanic rocks and shoshonite. They were mainly emplaced or erupted between the Carboniferous and Permian. The compositions of Sr, Nd, Pb, and O isotopes imply that their principal resource materials are derived from the upper mantle or juvenile crust, indicating obvious continental growth in the Phanerozoic. The trace element association implies that their tectonic settings are within plate and volcanic arc for alkali-rich granites, and post-collisional are, late oceanic are and continental are for alkali-rich volcanic rocks. An archipelago model was suggested for the tectonic evolution in northern Xinjiang. It can be named the central-Asia-type orogeny, which is different from the so called circum-Pacific ocean-continent-type tectonics or the Alpine-Himalayan continent-continent-collisional orogeny.

Heat Aggregation Mechanisms of Hot Dry Rocks Resources in the Gonghe Basin, Northeastern Tibetan Plateau

Hot dry rock(HDR) is an important geothermal resource and clean energy source that may play an increasingly important role in future energy management. High-temperature HDR resources were recently detected in deep regions of the Gonghe Basin on the northeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, which led to a significant breakthrough in HDR resource exploration in China. This research analyzes the deep temperature distribution, radiogenic heat production, heat flow, and crustal thermal structure in the Qiaboqia Valley, Guide Plain, and Zhacanggou area of the Gonghe Basin based on geothermal exploration borehole logging data, rock thermophysical properties, and regional geophysical exploration data. The results are applied to discuss the heat accumulation mechanism of the HDR resources in the Gonghe Basin. The findings suggest that a low-velocity layer in the thickened crust of the Tibetan Plateau provides the most important source of constant intracrustal heat for the formation of HDR resources in the Gonghe Basin, whereas crustal thickening redistributes the concentrated layer of radioactive elements, which compensates for the relatively low heat production of the basal granite and serves as an important supplement to the heat of the HDR resources. The negative effect is that the downward curvature of the lithospheric upper mantle caused by crustal thickening leads to a small mantle heat flow component. As a result, the heat flows in the Qiaboqia Valley and Guide Plain of the Gonghe Basin are 106.2 and 77.6 m W/m2, respectively, in which the crust-mantle heat flow ratio of the former is 3.12:1, indicating a notably anomalous intracrustal thermal structure. In contrast, the crust-mantle heat flow ratio in the Guide Plain is 1.84:1, which reflects a typical hot crust-cold mantle thermal structure. The Guide Plain and Zhacanggou area show the same increasing temperature trend with depth, which reflects that their geothermal backgrounds and deep high-temperature environments are similar. These results provide important insight on the heat source mechanism of HDR resource formation in the Tibetan Plateau and useful guidance for future HDR resource exploration projects and target sites selection in similar areas.

Zinc isotopic behavior of mafic rocks during continental deep subduction

Zinc isotopes may act as a new tool of tracking recycling of crustal materials that causes compositional heterogeneity of the mantle.This application relies on an investigation of Zn isotopic behaviors during slab subduction.In this study,we report Zn isotopic compositions for a suite of metabasalts(greenschists,amphibolites,and coesitebearing eclogites)from the Dabie Orogen(China),which were formed via the subduction of mafic rocks into different depths and up to>200 km.Three out of eight greenschists are characterized by lighterδ^(66)ZnJMC-Lyon(0.10‰-0.16‰)than those of global basalts(0.28‰±0.05‰),which may be caused by crustal assimilation of the protoliths by sedimentary rocks due to their extremely high ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr(up to 0.7130)and lowεNd values(down to−12.3).The remaining greenschists have relatively low ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr and theirδ66Zn values(0.21‰-0.38‰)overlap the ranges of amphibolites(0.18‰-0.32‰)and coesite-bearing eclogites(0.18‰-0.36‰).There is no correlation betweenδ^(66)Zn and sensitive indicators of dehydration(Rb/TiO_(2),Ba/Yb,and H_(2)O+),suggesting that no detectable Zn isotope fractionation has occurred during the deep subduction of mafic rocks even into>200 km,which is attributed to the limited loss of Zn during prograde metamorphism and dehydration.Thus,Zn isotopic compositions of the deeply subducted mafic rocks are inherited from their protoliths.Considering that these metamorphosed rocks have higherδ66Zn than that of the mantle value by up to 0.2‰,the recycled/subducted mafic crust can incorporate isotopically heavy Zn into the mantle.The subducted slabs may partially melt and generate a metasomatized mantle,resulting in changes of Zn isotopic composition of the hybridized mantle as have been observed in some mantle xenoliths and basaltic lavas.

Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of Tertiary Volcanic Rocks of the Eastern Roodbar, Alborz Mountain, North of Iran

In the Alborz Mountains of the eastern Roodbar (north of Iran), Tertiary volcanic rocks have a variety of composition between olivine basalt, basaltic andesite, pyroxene andesite and andesite. The presence of different xenoliths and xenocrysts is among the evidence of crustal contamination of these rocks. The positive correlations of CaO/Al2O3 vs to MgO and Al2O3 vs. SiO2 are of signs of the olivine and clinopyroxene fractionation in the variation trend of the area rocks. Positive correlations K2O/P2O5 vs with SiO2 and La/Sm vs. K2O/P2O5 demonstrate contamination of magma with the continental crust. The incompatible trace element patterns and their comparison with crustal contents indicate contamination of the rocks of the area with the lower and upper continental crust. Linear trends in the variation diagram of Nb/Y vs. Zr/Y, introduce two different source regions: a MORB source and the other continental crust for the rocks which are the genesis. The variations of Y/Nb vs. Zr/Nb and Rb/Y vs. Nb/Y reveal a crustal contamination of the magma originated from the MORB source. Geochemical studies represent that the area’s rocks were derived from the 15% melting of a mantle source of MORB type with spinel facies within a continental environment, which was contaminated by varying degrees of continental crustal rocks.

Petrogenesis of siliceous high-Mg series:Evidence from Early Paleoproterozoic mafic volcanic rocks of the Vodlozero Domain,Fennoscandian Shield

Compositional peculiarities of the siliceous high-Mg series(SHMS)rocks formed at the Archean-Paleoproterozoic boundary as a function of plume activity are discussed using example of Early Paleoproterozoic mafic volcanic rocks of the Vodlozero Domain,Fennoscandian Shield.These rocks are characterized by wide variations in Mg#(33-67)and Cr contents(25-1123 ppm),LREE enrichment,and weakly negative_(εNd)(from-0.7 to-2.9).The high Gd/Yb ratio in the primitive high-Mg rocks of the Vodlozero Domain suggests their generation from a garnet-bearing source.At the same time,their negative _(εNd)in combination with LREE enrichment points to the crustal contamination.A new model was proposed to explain the remarkable global-scale similarity of SHMS.Such rocks can be generated by the contamination of a high-degree(30%)partial melt derived from a depleted mantle.The lower crustal sanukitoid-type rocks can be considered as a universal crustal contaminant.Modeling showed that such mixing can provide the observed narrow_(εNd)variations in Early Paleoproterozoic volcanics.The Neoarchean sanukitoid suites,which are widespread on all cratons,presumably composed the lower crust at the beginning of the Paleoproterozoic.Therefore,this mechanism can be considered universal for the genesis of the SHMS rocks.The high-to low-Cr rock series can be produced by the fractionation of the mafic melt coupled with an insignificant crustal assimilation of felsic end members of the sanukitoid suite of the Vodlozero Domain en route to the surface,as suggested by the positive correlation of_(εNd)with Cr and Mg#,negative correlation with Th,and slight decrease of_(εNd)in the more evolved varieties.

Geochronology and geochemistry of the W-Mo-ore-related granitic rocks from eastern Ningzhen,lower Yangtze river belt,eastern China

Here we present zircon U–Pb–Hf and wholerock major and trace element studies of eastern Ningzhen W-Mo-ore-related magmatic rocks,Yushan and Longwangshan granitic rocks,to constrain their form timing,magma sources,and tectonic settings.The results showed that the two plutons were formed in the Early Cretaceous with;Pb/;U ages of 107.8±1.2 and 105.2±1.5 Ma(;Pb/;U),respectively.The trapped/residual zircons are mainly distributed in 2.0–2.5 Ga.The two intrusions are characterized by high silicon(68.60–73.99%),high aluminum(13.56–15.02%),high Mg#(47–55),high Sr,Sr/Y,LaN/YN,and low Yb,falling into high Mg#adakitic rock region.The zirconεHf(t)values of the two intrusions range from-24.8 to-13.2,indicating an ancient continental crust in their magma sources.The average Ti-inzircon temperature is 689°C,slightly higher than those of other high-Mg adakitic rocks in the lower Yangtze River belt,but lower than those of high-Mg adakitic rocks in the Southern Tanlu Fault(STLF).Zircon Ce;/Ce;show low oxygen fugacity(LWS-1:3–400,average 92;sample ZYS-4:9–382,average 93).These geochemical features indicate a thickened lower continental crust in the Eastern Ningzhen region in a subduction setting.Comparing the geochemical characteristics of the eastern Ningzhen to the western Ningzhen and other areas in the Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt(LYRMB)and the high-Mg ore-barren adakitic rocks of the STLF,we propose that the magmatic rocks from eastern Ningzhen may be mainly from a thickened lower continental crust that hybridized with a very small part of mantle sources,while the west Ningzhen magmatic rocks may have experienced a higher degree of mantle contaminations in their source.The metallogenic differences between the eastern(W–Mo)and western(Cu–Fe–Pb–Zn)parts of Ningzhen also indicate different proportions of crustal materials in their magma source.

中国西天山古生代岩浆岩时空架构、源区特征及构造背景

中亚造山带是全球最大、最典型的增生造山带,是全球显生宙陆壳生长最显著的地区之一。在中亚造山带形成过程中,伴随古亚洲洋的闭合,以及不同性质构造块体的拼贴碰撞,形成了巨量的岩浆岩。笔者以中亚造山带西段西天山出露的古生代岩浆岩为研究对象,系统总结了岩浆岩的时空格架、成因类型、源区特征和构造背景等特征。区内岩浆岩主要形成于3个阶段:寒武纪早期—中泥盆世早期(497~388 Ma)、晚泥盆世—早石炭世(375~323 Ma)、晚石炭世—中二叠世(322~263 Ma)。第一阶段和第二阶段的侵入岩组合主要为钙碱性I型花岗岩,以及具有“岛弧”地球化学特征的中、基性岩石,部分岩体具有埃达克质岩石的性质,并发育少量A型花岗岩。晚石炭世—中二叠世花岗岩等侵入岩以多样性的成分为特征,包括“正常的”钙碱性I型花岗岩、埃达克质岩石、A型花岗岩,以及局部出露的S型花岗岩,基性岩石中也出现较多具洋岛玄武岩特征的辉长岩和玄武岩。结合其他地质证据,笔者认为寒武纪早期—中泥盆世早期、晚泥盆世—早石炭世岩浆岩形成于与古亚洲洋洋分支洋盆俯冲有关的构造环境中,且岩浆活动的迁移和地球化学成分演化趋势均揭示俯冲过程中发生了多次从前进型、低角度俯冲到后撤型、高角度俯冲的转化。西天山南北洋盆的最终闭合均发生在晚石炭世。在南侧,古南天山洋的闭合跟随着大陆板块之间的“硬碰撞”。而在北侧,伊犁地块和中天山地块北缘与一不成熟/新生岛弧发生了“软碰撞”。就地壳演化的方式而言,基于Hf同位素资料所揭示的长英质岩浆岩源区物质演化,识别出西天山地区在在古生代交替发生大陆地壳物质再循环(continental reworking)和大陆生长(continental growth)。在俯冲阶段,大洋板片后撤(回卷)占据了主导性地位,导致了微陆块中增生造山作用开始之前形成的古老物质大量被同增生阶段形成的新生物质所置换,伊犁地块、中天山地块等块体是在古生代被显著“再更新(rejuvenation)”的古老微陆块。后碰撞伸展阶段大范围幔源岩浆底侵进一步造成了显著的地壳生长。整个古生代,西天山及邻区以地壳生长为主导。

山西黎城地区长城系沉积时代及源区分析:碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学和Lu-Hf同位素证据

长城系是华北克拉通统一结晶基底形成后的首套沉积盖层,其碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学及其Hf同位素特征分析对探讨地层形成时代、源区特征以及基底演化均具重要研究意义。本文对华北克拉通中部黎城地区长城系下部地层的碎屑锆石进行了U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素分析。结果表明,该区长城系碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄呈现了2.55~2.45Ga、2.15~2.0Ga和~1.92Ga等三个主峰期,同时存在3.5~3.1Ga和2.9~2.7Ga的年龄次峰期。最年轻碎屑锆石的207 Pb/206 Pb加权平均年龄限定了该区长城系沉积发生于1.76Ga之后。碎屑锆石的年龄分布和Hf同位素特征与华北克拉通中、南部基底物质记录的地质事件高度相似,区内长城系地层与南部熊耳地区长城系地层可对比性强,证明太行山南段在1.76Ga后已与南部熊耳裂谷盆地相连,其沉积物质均主要来自华北克拉通中、南部地区。其中,3.5~3.4Ga的古老碎屑锆石εHf(t)=-8.6~-4.6,揭示中、南部地区存在古太古代地壳物质。新太古代早期2.9~2.7Ga的锆石εHf(t)以正值为主(占比85%),它们的t C DM=3190~2774Ma,与其结晶年龄相同或接近,证明华北克拉通南部在新太古代早期以新生地壳生长为主。新太古代晚期2.55~2.45Ga峰期的锆石也以正的εHf(t)值为主(占比69%),而2.15~2.0Ga峰期锆石的εHf(t)值大多偏负(占比56%),说明华北克拉通南部地区从新太古代末期的新生地壳增生为主伴有陆壳再造转变为古元古代中期以古老陆壳物质再造为主,并有少量新生陆壳增生;古元古代晚期~1.92Ga年龄峰期的碎屑锆石εHf(t)=-11.9~+2.0,揭示至古元古代末期华北克拉通中南部进入到以古老陆壳物质再造为主的演化阶段。

沉积盆地波动过程分析:研究现状与展望

沉积盆地的波状运动是板块内部地壳运动的主要表现形式,沉积盆地的形成演化是地球系统中各种波动过程相互叠加的结果。盆地波动过程分析从沉积速率时间序列中分解出有周期规律的波动曲线,获得盆地演化历史的新认识,主要包括控制盆地演化的波动周期与成藏旋回、盆地地壳升降运动与油气生成及热演化的关系、不整合面的时空分布与剥蚀量恢复、多尺度波动叠加控制下的地层格架时空分布与生储盖层配置关系、隆拗变迁规律与油气藏保存的关系等。盆地波动过程分析技术将成盆、成烃和成藏的研究思路与地壳的波动过程有机融合,可以定量描述油气成藏动态演化过程,对油气勘探实践具有指导作用。沉积盆地波动过程研究未来应着重开展超长天文周期与地球深部动力学旋回驱动的盆地波动机制研究,加强地质证据与数值模拟技术融合,完善盆地波动过程分析方法,推进盆地波动理论成果转化以全面理解圈层相互作用与资源环境效应。充分发挥盆地波动分析技术对油气藏分布规律的预测功能,为油气资源远景评价与勘探提供科学依据。

北山造山带尖山子新元古代早期似斑状花岗岩年代学、地球化学特征及地质意义

笔者报道了北山造山带东缘尖山子地区新元古代早期似斑状花岗岩年代学、地球化学特征,结合已发表的同期花岗质岩石地球化学数据,讨论其源区性质及北山南部前寒武纪基底与塔里木克拉通的亲缘性。似斑状花岗岩两件样品锆石U-Pb年龄分别为(901±5)Ma,(935±3)Ma,表明其形成于新元古代早期。似斑状花岗岩样品发育钾长石斑晶,显示高的SiO2含量(70.41%~76.05%)和过铝质特征(A/CNK=1.01~1.21);具有相似的球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分曲线并显示轻稀土富集、Eu负异常(δEu=0.30~0.46)和在原始地幔标准化多元素图解上显示Rb、Th、U和K正异常,Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr、P和Ti负异常;具有富集的锆石Hf同位素组成,其ε_(Hf)(t)值为-5.0~-1.4和相应的两阶段Hf模式年龄为2.08~1.86 Ga。这些地球化学特征共同反应似斑状花岗岩为壳源花岗岩,并指示早期地壳的再造事件。结合前人发表的地球化学数据,北山造山带南部前寒武纪基底经历了中元古代地壳新生事件和新元古代早期地壳再造事件,花岗质岩石锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值主要落在2.2~1.3 Ga地壳物质Hf同位素演化区内,指示北山南部不存在太古代基底,因此与具有太古代结晶基底的塔里木克拉通可能不具有构造亲缘性。

同震岩体损伤特征的定量分析——以2022年泸定M_(S)6.8地震为例

强烈地震动会对地壳浅表层岩体产生震裂损伤,导致岩体完整性与稳定性降低,继而诱发次生地质灾害。由于地震不可预知性与岩体复杂性等诸多限制存在,致使同震岩体损伤研究的定量化程度不足,尤其缺乏地震发生前后野外现场岩体损伤特征的直观对比。本文以2022年泸定MS6.8地震为例,对发震前后相同位置岩体损伤变化开展定性与定量分析,取得如下认识:(1)地表岩体在地震动荷载作用下会出现物理和力学性质改变,根据损伤类型与规模等差异可将泸定地震岩体损伤区划分为高、低损伤区,低损伤区内损伤形式包括先期裂隙轻度张裂、裂隙端部扩展、临空块裂岩体塌落,高损伤区表现为损伤裂隙强烈张开与新生、宏观破裂。(2)岩体震裂损伤程度在发震断裂附近达到极值,较震前结构面长度密度平均增加3.44%,结构面数量密度平均增大6.46%,且存在断层距离效应。并采用误差因素削减的方法对调查损伤程度进行了修正。(3)选取岩性、震中距、地质强度指数(GSI)、地震峰值加速度(PGA)等8个指标,采用层次分析法建立了同震岩体损伤评价模型,评价损伤程度与修正后调查损伤程度间平均误差为12.5%。本研究可望为深入理解地壳岩体动力响应和地震次生灾害形成规律提供新的科学证据。

基于多重判据的六苴矿区深部岩爆倾向性研究

以大姚六苴礅区矿山6个中段的3种岩性为研究对象,通过地应力测量、室内单轴抗压强度、巴西圆盘劈裂强度、弹性变形测量,结合E.Hoek判据、Russenes判据、徐林生判据、脆性判据对不同中段的岩爆倾向性进行分析。四种判据通过复合判据结合进行研判。研究结果表明:670中段会发生轻微岩爆~中等岩爆,710、740、770均无岩爆,800的紫红色细粒砂岩及860的矿石会发生轻微岩爆。基于多重判据的六苴矿区岩爆倾向性分析为地下矿山的岩爆灾害预防提供了一定的参考价值。

水压致裂法在长大隧道地应力测试中的应用研究

文章以某新建高原隧道为研究对象,采用水压致裂法,测试地层原位地应力的大小和方向,确定隧道围岩的地应力状态。结果表明,隧道岩层不属于典型硬脆岩质,初步预测该隧道不存在典型岩爆,以变形偏大、洞壁岩体偏薄及剥离为主表现形式;埋深为146~285 m和286~465 m时,围岩开挖可能分别出现Ⅰ级、轻微大变形及Ⅱ级、中等大变形。埋深>335 m时,围岩开挖后处于高初始应力状态;埋深>660 m时,甚至出现极高初始应力状态,建议隧道施工时早封闭、勤测量。

复杂地应力条件下软岩隧道施工关键技术研究

软岩强度低、自稳能力差,在复杂地应力作用下更易出现大变形、支护结构破坏等灾变现象。文章以复杂地应力隧道施工为切入点,分析了软岩隧道地应力分析方法,重点阐述现场测试手段、初始模拟分析方法与围岩应力应变特性试验,帮助施工单位真实了解工程现场地应力条件,客观评估复杂工况对隧道施工形势造成的实际影响。文章还阐述了复杂工况下的软岩隧道施工路径,旨在有效控制施工过程中的围岩大变形问题,保证施工安全和施工进度,减小地应力对围岩的影响。

极高地应力状态下大断面隧道全断面开挖围岩塑性变形数值模拟研究

针对极高地应力状态下隧道全断面开挖时围岩状态和受力塑性分析的难题,采用建立极高地应力状态下大断面隧道全断面开挖围岩塑性计算模型,分析地应力分布特征。建立全断面开挖工况数值模拟模型,分析围岩位移特征和塑性区破坏情况,得出极高地应力状态下隧道全断面开挖围岩塑性变形特征,为研究类似工程问题提供参考。

SERPENTINIZATION OF THE MANTLE WEDGE BY FLUIDS DERIVED FROM CONTINENTAL CRUSTAL MATERIAL: EVIDENCE FROM Nd ISOTOPIC SIGNATURES OF SERPENTINITES (TSO MORARI DOME,ELADAKH)

The well preserved eclogitic rocks of the Tso Morari dome in eastern Ladakh, northwest Himalaya, provide information relevant to the exhumation of high pressure/low temperature rocks, and the early stage of the Himalayan orogeny. The Tso Morari unit outcrops south of the Indus suture zone (Fig.1). The eclogitic dome is underlined on its eastern part by the Zildat normal fault where serpentinite lenses and partially hydrated peridotites are abundant. The close association of the high pressure rocks and serpentinites suggests a possible role of serpentinites in the exhumation of ultrahigh\|pressure rocks. To evaluate this possibility, geochemical analyses were carried out on the serpentinites closely associated with the Tso Morari eclogites.