Design,delivery and efficacy testing of therapeutic nucleic acids used to inhibit hepatitis C virus gene expression in vitro and in vivo

Despite major achievements in the treatment ofchronic hepatitis C with the combination ofinterferons and the nucleoside analog ribavirin themajority of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection cannot be treated effectively.Toimprove this response rate we used antisensetechnologies to inhibit HCV translation as possibleadditional option for experimental treatment.Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides(ODN) are

Therapeutic and Medicinal Uses of <i>Aloe vera</i>: A Review

The plant Aloe vera is used in Ayurvedic, Homoeopathic and Allopathic streams of medicine, and not only tribal community but also most of the people for food and medicine. The plant leaves contains numerous vitamins, minerals, enzymes, amino acids, natural sugars and other bioactive compounds with emollient, purgative, anti-microbial, anti inflammatory, antioxidant, aphrodisiac, anti-helmenthic, antifungal, antiseptic and cosmetic values for health care. This plant has potential to cure sunburns, burns and minor cuts, and even skin cancer. The external use in cosmetic primarily acts as skin healer and prevents injury of epithelial tissues, cures acne and gives a youthful glow to skin, also acts as extremely powerful laxative.

Blastocystis hominis as a cause of chronic diarrhea in low-resource settings:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Blastocystis hominis(B.hominis),an anaerobic unicellular protist parasite,is known for its diverse clinical manifestations upon infecting the human gastrointestinal tract.Although globally distributed,it is particularly prevalent in developing nations.Examining the symptoms and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings holds immense significance,providing healthcare practi-tioners with valuable insights to enhance patient care.AIM To synthesize existing evidence on the symptomatology and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings.METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines,a systematic review was conducted.The search spanned electronic databases including PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar.After a comprehensive screening process,a thorough examination of the papers,adhering to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and data extraction from eligible studies was conducted.The findings underwent summarization through simple descriptive analysis.RESULTS The search yielded 1200 papers,with 17 meeting inclusion criteria.Chronic diarrhea due to B.hominis infection was reported in only two studies,while abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting emerged as the most commonly documented symptoms.Recovery rates after one week of treatment ranged from 71.8%to 100%,and after two weeks,from 60%to 100%.CONCLUSION In low-resource settings,chronic diarrhea resulting from B.hominis infection is infrequent.Common symptoms include abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting.Post-treatment,clinical outcomes are notably favorable,supporting the recommendation for treatment.Metronidazole is advocated as the first-line agent,with consideration for switching to a second-line option in cases of treatment failure or poor response.

Continuous Wear of Hydrogel Contact Lenses for Therapeutic Use

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and complications of continuous wear of etafilcon A for therapeutic use. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 228 eyes of 219 outpatients prescribed contact lens (CL) for one week of continuous therapeutic wear during 10 years. The reason for prescription of CLs, the primary disease, the duration of CL wear and the complications were assessed retrospectively. Results: The predominant reason for prescription of CLs was relief of pain or a foreign-body sensation (62.3%) and protection of the corneal epithelium (20.6%). The primary disease was post-penetrating keratoplasty (36.8%), followed by corneal epithelial erosion (14.5%), post-lamellar keratoplasty (14.0%) and bullous keratopathy (12.2%). The average duration of wearing single lens was 6.5 ± 3.2 days. The average duration of wearing CLs in total was 9.2 ± 10.7 months. The most frequent problem associated with continuous wear of CLs was their dropping out of CLs (12.3%). The complications associated with CLs included conjunctivitis with papillary hyperplasia, corneal erosion and superficial punctate keratitis, but corneal ulcer and corneal infiltrates were not found. Conclusion: Serious complications were not shown changing the lenses every week to keep to the prescribed time limit for continuous therapeutic wear, even if corneal epithelial barrier function is impaired.

Comparison of long-lasting therapeutic effects between succimer and penicillamine on hepatolenticular degeneration

AIM To compare the long term effect of succimer (Suc) with that of penicillamine (Pen) in treating hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD). METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with HLD were divided into 2 groups. Group A ( n =60) received Suc 750mg , po. bid. Group B ( n =60) received Pen 250mg , po. qid. The period of maintenance treatment varied from 6 months to 3 years, averaging 1 5 years. Symptoms and therapeutic effects were evaluated by modified Goldstein scale. RESULTS The total effectiveness of group A in two different periods of treatment were 80% and 85% respectively, higher than those of group B (58% and 59% respectively) ( P <0 05). Suc also had obvious curative effects for the patients who failed in the use of Pen. There were fewer side effect in group A than in group B ( P <0 05). Suc and Pen could increase urinary copper excretion effectively and continually. CONCLUSION Suc is more effective and safer than Pen. Clinically, it can replace Pen as first choice drug for long term maintenance therapy of HLD.

Functional dyspepsia of ulcer-dysmotility type:clinical incidence and therapeutic strategy

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Therapeutic role of template-based lymphadenectomy in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract

Lymphadenectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract has attracted the attention of physicians. The mapping study of lymphatic spread has shown that a relatively wide area should comprise the regional nodes for tumors of the right renal pelvis or the right upper two-thirds of the ureter. A prospective study showed that an anatomical templatebased lymphadenectomy significantly improved patient survival in tumors of the renal pelvis. This benefit was more evident for patients with p T2 stage tumors or higher. The risk of regional node recurrence is significant reduced by template-based lymphadenectomy,which is likely to be associated with improved patient survival. The removal of lymph node micrometastases is assumed to be the reason for therapeutic benefit following lymphadenectomy. The number of resected lymph nodes can be used to assess the quality of lymphadenectomy,but not to determine the extent of lymphadenectomy. The guidelines currently recommend lymphadenectomy for patients with muscle-invasive disease,even though the current recommendation grades are still low. The present limitation of lymphadenectomy is the lack of standardization of the extent of lymphadenectomy and the randomized trials. Further studies are warranted to collect the evidence to support lymphadenectomy.

Controversies regarding transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have tantalized regenerative medicine with their therapeutic potential,yet a cloud of controversies looms over their clinical tran-splantation.This comprehensive review navigates the intricate landscape of MSC controversies,drawing upon 15 years of clinical experience and research.We delve into the fundamental properties of MSCs,exploring their unique immuno-modulatory capabilities and surface markers.The heart of our inquiry lies in the controversial applications of MSC transplantation,including the perennial debate between autologous and allogeneic sources,concerns about efficacy,and lingering safety apprehensions.Moreover,we unravel the enigmatic mechanisms surro-unding MSC transplantation,such as homing,integration,and the delicate balance between differentiation and paracrine effects.We also assess the current status of clinical trials and the ever-evolving regulatory landscape.As we peer into the future,we examine emerging trends,envisioning personalized medicine and innovative delivery methods.Our review provides a balanced and informed perspective on the controversies,offering readers a clear understanding of the complexities,challenges,and potential solutions in MSC transplantation.

散结灵胶囊联合米非司酮治疗子宫肌瘤的效果分析

目的探讨子宫肌瘤使用散结灵胶囊联合米非司酮治疗的效果。方法选取102例子宫肌瘤患者为研究对象,根据随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,每组51例。对照组实施米非司酮治疗,研究组在对照组基础上采用散结灵胶囊治疗,比较两组子宫形态、月经量、卵巢功能及不良反应情况。结果治疗前,两组瘤体体积、子宫体积、月经量比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组瘤体体积、子宫体积、月经量均低于治疗前,且研究组低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗前,两组促卵泡激素(FSH)、孕酮(P)、雌二醇(E_(2))、黄体生成素(LH)水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组FSH、P、E_(2)、LH水平均低于治疗前,且研究组低于对照组(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论子宫肌瘤采用散结灵胶囊联合米非司酮治疗效果较好,能促进子宫形态恢复,改善卵巢功能,且安全性较好,值得临床推广与应用。

高强度聚焦超声联合米非司酮治疗子宫肌瘤的效果分析

目的探讨子宫肌瘤采用高强度聚焦超声联合米非司酮的治疗效果。方法选取70例子宫肌瘤患者为研究对象,根据随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,每组35例。对照组给予米非司酮治疗,研究组在对照组基础上给予高强度聚焦超声治疗,比较两组治疗效果。结果治疗后,研究组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗前,两组子宫肌瘤体积、子宫体积比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,研究组子宫肌瘤体积、子宫体积均低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗前,两组雌激素、雌二醇、血管内皮生长因子水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,研究组雌激素、雌二醇、血管内皮生长因子水平均低于对照组(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论子宫肌瘤采用米非司酮联合高强度聚焦超声治疗效果较好,可以改善患者性激素水平,缩小肌瘤体积,治疗安全性高,值得临床推广与应用。

Clinacanthus nutans:a review of the medicinal uses,pharmacology and phytochemistry

Clinacanthus nutans Lindau is known as snake grass belonging to the Acanlhaceae family.This plant has diverse and potential medicinal uses in traditional herbal medicine for treating skin rashes,insects and snake bites,lesions caused by herpes simplex virus,diabetes,and gout in Malaysia.Indonesia.Thailand and China.Phylochemieal investigations documented the varied contents of bioaclive compounds from litis plant namely flavonoids,glycosides,glycoglyeerolipids.cerebrosides and monoacylmonogalatosylglycerol.The pharmacological experiment proved that various types of extracts and pure compounds from this species exhibited a broad range of biological properties such as anti-inflammatory,antiviral,antioxidant,and anti-diabetic activities.The lindings of toxicity study showed that extracts from this plant did not show any toxicity thus it can be used as strong therapeutic agents for specific diseased conditions.However,further experiments on chemical components and their mode of action showing biological activities are required to elucidate the complete phytochemical profile and assess to confirm their suitability tor future drugs.This review summarizes the medicinal uses,phytochemistry and pharmacology of this plant in order to explore its therapeutic potential and gaps necessitating for prospected research work.

High-intensity focused ultrasound extracorporeal ablation of liver tissuesin rabbits

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The role of drug utilization evaluation in medical sciences

Background:Drug utilization evaluation(DUE)is defined by the World Health Organization(WHO)and focuses on the medical,social,and economic consequences of pharmaceutical marketing,distribution,prescribing,and usage in society.The WHO recommends a physician to every 1000 people.According to the recent data from the Health Ministry in 2019,in which 1.16 million doctors are of active population with just 80%,or 0.9 million,practicing.As a result,a ratio of 0.68 doctors for every 1000 people,which is much below as per the WHO reports.This article describes history,types,WHO guidelines,need and purpose of DUE.Objective:The main aim of this paper is to provide information about the rational use of medication in outpa­tient and inpatient department with special emphasis of DUEs.It also provides awareness directly to healthcare professionals,researchers,academicians,pharmacist and nurses to reduce the irrationality of medicines.Methods:The method used to compile this review information gathered from websites,Google scholar,PubMed,Research gate,and studies published on DUE from July 20 to Oct 22 were included as source of information.Results:We studied more than 35 published study on DUE,that reveals most of the physicians prescribed branded drugs not generic drugs,but WHO prescribing indicator allows to prescribe generic drugs in the hospital pharmacy to maintain better inventory control.It may also help to prevent pharmacist misunderstanding during dispensing.Conclusion:The use of generic prescription names avoids the possibility of medication product duplication and lowers patient costs.It is important to remember that incorrect medication prescriptions have impact on both patients and their family members.WHO indicators identify irrational prescribing behaviours to make therapy more rational and cost-effective.

甲氨蝶呤联合米非司酮对异位妊娠的保守治疗效果研究

探讨甲氨蝶呤联合米非司酮治疗异位妊娠的效果。以贵州省贵阳市云岩区黔灵医院2018年1月—2022年12月收治的80例异位妊娠患者为研究对象,按照入院时间将其平均分为两组,即对照组与观察组。对照组选择甲氨蝶呤,观察组实施甲氨蝶呤联合米非司酮治疗,观察两组患者的治疗效果、临床相关指标、不良反应。研究发现,临床治疗异位妊娠患者采用甲氨蝶呤联合米非司酮保守治疗,可以显著降低β-HCG水平,达到终止妊娠的作用,加速包块缩小、腹痛消失,促使患者尽快月经复潮,且预后效果明确,安全性更加理想,建议临床应用并推广。

USE OF CELL-BASED BIOASSAY FOR THE QUALITY CONTROL OF BOTANICAL THERAPEUTICS

The single most important factor in modernization efforts of traditional oriental medicines is the limited understanding of active compounds responsible for claimed therapeutic effects.Indeed,the unknown identity of biologically active molecules generates major difficulties associated with botanical therapeutics in general.This includes management of raw materials,poor understanding of

氨甲喋呤单次肌注与米非司酮联合应用治疗异位妊娠

目的 探讨氨甲喋呤 (MTX)单次肌肉注射与米非司酮联合应用治疗异位妊娠。方法 观察组MTX 5 0mg肌注1次 ,米非司酮 75mgBid口服× 3～ 4d ,对照组MTX 2 0mg肌注Qd× 5d ,两组均同时给予中药宫外孕一号方口服。结果 MTX单次肌肉注射与米非司酮联合治疗成功率为90 77% ,明显高于对照组 ,β HCG下降速度及幅度明显高于对照组且副反应明显减少。结论 MTX单次肌肉注射与米非司酮联合治疗异位妊娠安全有效。

米非司酮配伍米索前列醇用于中期妊娠引产

米非司酮配伍米索前列醇序贯口服用于中期妊娠引产２组共８３例，成功７９例，成功率９５．２％，失败４例（４．８％），仅７例（８．４％）有一过性恶心或呕吐，无需特殊处理。结果提示：口服药物用于中期妊娠引产，有安全、简便、价廉、省时、效率高、副反应小的效果；部分治疗过程可在门诊进行，大大缩短了住院时间，开辟了中期妊娠引产的新途径并能全部口服给药，深受中期妊娠引产妇女的欢迎，值得推广应用。

米非司酮治疗118例子宫肌瘤疗效观察

目的:观察米非司酮对子宫肌瘤的疗效。方法:将经过妇科检查和B超检查确诊为子宫肌瘤的118例患者进行米非司酮药物治疗,于每晚睡前服用米非司酮10mg,1次/d,连续服用3个月为1个疗程。结果:患者在治疗期间均出现闭经,子宫的缩小率平均为34.86%,子宫肌瘤的缩小率平均为51.40%,患者体内的LH、FSH、P、E2较服药前均有明显的下降,比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。服药后患者的血常规以及肝肾功能均正常。结论:米非司酮治疗子宫肌瘤疗效较好,不良反应小,是一种理想的保守治疗方法。

米非司酮治疗胎盘胎膜残留临床疗效观察

目的 观察米非司酮用于治疗产后胎盘胎膜残留的效果。方法 将2006年1月在至2008年1月西安市中心医院妇产科及西安铁路医院妇产科经阴道分娩，产时检查胎盘、胎膜不全，行徒手清宫后复查B超仍提示宫腔残留≤2.5cm^2，阴道出血不多，产妇一般情况良好，同意药物治疗方案的患者共46例，随机分为观察组与对照组。观察组口服米非司酮＋产妇康＋抗生素治疗，对照组口服产妇康＋抗生素治疗。结果 观察组产后72小时及产后1周治愈率与对照组比较均有统计学意义（χ^2分别为4.305、5.301，均P〈0.05）。观察组用药后清宫2例，对照组用药后清宫7例，两组用药后清宫率比较有统计学意义（χ^2=5.561，P〈0.05）。结论 用米非司酮药物治疗产后胎盘胎膜残留是一种行之有效的方法。

桂枝茯苓丸联合米非司酮治疗子宫肌瘤的疗效研究

目的:分析桂枝茯苓丸联合米非司酮治疗子宫肌瘤的疗效。方法:将2012年2月—2015年3月收治于我院的子宫肌瘤患者70例为研究对象,采用电脑数字随机分组方式将其均分成观察组35例及对照组35例。其中对照组患者单纯采用米非司酮治疗;而观察组患者采用桂枝茯苓丸联合米非司酮治疗。对两组患者的治疗效果及不良反应进行比较分析。结果:在经过不同的治疗后,观察组患者治愈19例、显效10例、有效4例、无效2例,治疗总有效率为94.3%(33/35);对照组患者治愈8例、显效12例、有效9例、无效6例,治疗总有效率为82.9%(29/35),同时观察组患者的不良反应为5.7%(2/35),对照组患者的不良反应为14.3%(5/35),两组间比较差异显著(P<0.05),具备统计学意义。结论:针对于子宫肌瘤患者而言,采用米非司酮联合桂枝茯苓丸给药的方式优于单纯采用米非司酮治疗,同时患者的不良反应较少,临床中值得推广使用。