Rural Migrant Workers' Welfare and Labor Protection in China under the Labor Contract Law

This paper employs difference-in-differences(DID) approach to evaluate the effects of China's Labor Contract Law's implementation on rural migrant workers' welfare.Our findings suggest that the Labor Contract Law has reduced rural migrant workers' working hours by 23%, and increased their social insurance coverage by 10% to 26%. This conclusion holds true after removal of sample selection bias and policy expectation factor.Further analysis reveals that Labor Contract Law's welfare improvement effect was more significant for migrant workers in regions where workers had poor bargaining power. Other economic factors during the same period of time did not affect the law's labor protection effect. Our findings give a clear answer to controversies over whether the Labor Contract Law can improve labor rights for underprivileged groups, and are of reference value for developing labor protection systems.

From "Migrant Workers Boom" to "Migrant Workers Scarcity"——Analysis of Institutional Bottleneck of Rural Surplus Labors Transfer in China

Through description of three-steps characteristic of dual economic theory and its practical significance to the process of industrialization and urbanization in China,and making comparative analysis between important criterion of "Lewis turning point" and current situation of rural surplus labors market in China,we can find that there exists a great deal of surplus labors in rural areas in our country,improvement of peasant income is the result of external interference of government,and demographic dividend in our country hasn't finished.These phenomena go against the theory of "Lewis turning point".So it can prove that "Lewis turning point" in China hasn't come yet.The paper points out the major factors of coexistence of "migrant workers scarcity" and labors redundancy in our country.The first one is structure contradiction of labors market;the second one is law of supply-demand of labors market;the third one is institutional barrier which hinders labors in free flow of census register and social guarantee.Therefore,if we want to realize successful transfer of rural surplus labors and the goal of industrialization and urbanization,we must promote upgrading of industrial structure,change the style of economic growth and realize harmonious development of regional economy in macrocosmic level;And in microcosmic level,we should eliminate institutional barrier which hinders transfer of rural surplus labors.

Analysis of Social Integration Models of Tourism Labor Migrants——A Case Study of Jiuhua Mountain of Anhui Province, China

The grounded theory of qualitative methods was applied to researching the social integration of tourism la-bor migrants in the Jiuhua Mountain of Anhui Province, China. The research was conducted based on the in-depth in-terviewing of 15 samples, open-consultation and the analysis of secondhand data. The integration models of tourism labor migrants in the Jiuhua Mountain were formed through four processes including theoretic sampling, cod-ing-analysis, cross-tabulation and contextualization. The result shows that modes of production and life styles decide self-integration orientation of tourism labor migrants in the Jiuhua Mountain. Cultural differences are fundamental dis-similarity between tourism labor migrants and natives. There are three kinds of integration models including rapid, free and gradually advancing integration. The differences among different types of migrants’ integration models are re-markable. Taking the working integration as the abscissa and taking the life integration as the coordinate, an "S" model of integration matrix appears in the gradually advancing integration of intermediate and high administers from the working to the life which should be paid special attention to.

More children nutrition distribution, less labor incentive: Evidence from Chinese collective agriculture

Distribution system will affect the labor incentive that has been heatedly discussed by recent literatures.Using a unique micro dataset, this paper dem on strates that the equalitaria n distributi on system is one of the reas ons for the in sufficie nt labor incentive during the Chinese Collective Agriculture period. Specifically speaking, in the distribution of basic rations, the proportion for children (aged 1-3 and 4-7 years) was often beyond their nutrition demand, resulting the dissatisfaction of other families with more laborers and less children, thus these households will reduce their labor supply gradually. At the same time, the existence of outstanding accounts makes it a failure to use work points to buy distributions, which is the mechanism of the distribution system and insufficient labor incentive. All the results have been accepted by the robustness tests. The study will help to understand the distribution system and labor incentive, as well as the failure of the Chinese collective agriculture.

Physical Performance of Migrant Schoolchildren with Marginal and Severe Iron Deficiency in the Suburbs of Beijing

Objectives To investigate relationship between iron deficiency of different degrees and physical performance and habitual activity of migrant schoolchildren at the age of 11-14 years. Methods Ninety one randomly selected schoolchildren were divided into three groups according to their iron status. Iron status including hemoglobin （Hb）, serum ferritin （SF）, serum iron （SI） and sTfR was determined. Physical performance tests included maximum oxygen consumption （VO2max） and maximum work time. Energy expenditure （EE） and daily physical activity were estimated by recording 24-h heart rate （HR）. Dietary intake was assessed with frequency questionnaires, and physical activity level was estimated with frequency and physical activity questionnaires. Results Severe iron deficiency （IDA） impaired the aerobic capacity and habitual physical activity. When fat-free mass （FFM） was considered, VO2max （VO2max/FFM） was significantly lower in the iron-marginal group than in the iron-adequate groups among girls （P=0.02）, but such a deference was not found among boys （P=0.28）. Aerobic activity and EE at leisure were significantly lower in the severe iron deficient group than in the marginal iron deficient and iron adequate groups. Net HR at leisure time was correlated with lib, log SF, body weight, and FFM （P〈0.05）. Conclusion The functional effect of iron deficiency on physical performance and habitual physical activity rely on the degree of current iron deficiency. Severe iron deficiency significantly impairs both aerobic capacity and habitual physical activity. Iron-marginal deficiency impairs VO2max/FFM in girls, rather than in boys.

HIV/AIDS Related Stigma among Male Labor Migrants in Nepal

Labor migrants are those of the at-risk groups for HIV. This cross-sectional study has tried to examine HIV/AIDS-related stigma among Nepalese returnee male labor migrants. Migrant workers who have worked at least six months abroad were asked different questions related to sexual behavior, knowledge on HIV/AIDS & condom and HIV/AIDS-related stigma. Stigma was measured on a three-point rating scale as high, average and low stigma. About 58% of migrants had the view “I would rather not know if I have HIV” followed by “I don’t want to be friends with people living with HIV” (53.6% migrants) and “people with HIV are cursed” (35.5% migrants). High stigma was present among 15.5% of the total respondents with high proportion among those with higher age, lower education, rural residence, and no knowledge on Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) service. About a quarter of respondents were of the view that migrants infected with HIV while abroad should not be allowed to return Nepal. Some level of stigma on HIV/AIDS exists among male labor migrants in Nepal. Interventions aiming at reducing stigma should consider the factors like migrants’ age, education, place of residence and knowledge on VCT services.

The Practice of Elementary Education Right Protection Proposed in International Human Rights Conventions in China——From the Perspective of the Compulsory Education of Migrant Children

The right to education is a basic human right China has actively implemented the international treaties on the right of migrant children to elementary education and provided institutional support to ensure the implementation of elementary education policy In practice,however,due to factors such as regional differences and fiscal capacity,the problems of equal treatment and a balanced distribution of educational resources remain to be addressed In this regard,this paper suggests solving the problems from the perspectives of enhancing the implementation of international treaties,increasing compulsory education resources,improving the quality of education,and adjusting policies

Education for Migrant Children To Be Guaranteed

Urged by media and advocates, Beijing and many other Chinese cities have issued regulations to provide and guarantee basic education for migrant laborers’ children. The municipal govemment of Beijing has decided that beginning in September, public schools in the Chinese capital should become more open to eligible migrant children by lowering the charges, and qualified social organizations and individuals will be allowed to run schools for migrant children in migrant population communities in light of the standard of average local public schools.

Labor Contract Law,Warm or Cold for Migrant Worker?

The new labor contract law has exerted an unprecedented impact on manufacturing industry that has been progressing at much cheaper labor cost over years. The fact is the workers are not born cheap, they are made less costly without necessary welfares by some factory owners who often go to extreme to run sort of "sweatshop", as often reported by local and western media. The new labor rules could not possibly liberate all those sufferers.

流动儿童社会排斥、自尊、亲子依恋与抑郁的关系:一项追踪研究

目的:为探讨流动儿童社会排斥、自尊、亲子依恋与抑郁的动态关系。方法:以班级为单位对385名流动儿童进行为期一年的纵向追踪调查。采用协方差结构方程模型对前、后两次4个研究变量间的动态关系进行检验。结果:控制年龄和性别作用后显示:①流动儿童前测社会排斥可以预测其后测抑郁水平(β=0.12,P<0.01);②流动儿童前测自尊在社会排斥对抑郁的即时和延时预测中均起部分中介作用,中介效应值分别是0.11和0.03;③流动儿童前测亲子依恋在其前测社会排斥影响后测抑郁的中介路径前半段中起延时调节作用,调节效应值为-0.12。结论:①社会排斥可以预测流动儿童的抑郁水平;②自尊在社会排斥和流动儿童抑郁中起即时和延时中介作用;③亲子依恋能够延时调节流动儿童社会排斥与自尊的关系。

外来劳动力技能多样性对城乡融合的影响——基于长江经济带县域的实证研究

利用熵值法测度长江经济带县域城乡融合发展水平,并利用全国流动人口动态监测调查数据构建外来劳动力技能多样性指标,实证检验外来劳动力技能多样性对县域城乡融合发展的影响效应和机制。研究发现:长江经济带县域城乡融合发展水平呈波动上升趋势,且呈现下游县域>上游县域>中游县域的空间分异格局;外来劳动力技能多样性能显著促进县域城乡融合,但影响效应存在区域异质性和流入方向异质性,在下游县域、城市群县域中,外来劳动力技能多样性促进县域城乡融合发展的效应更为明显,农村外来劳动力技能多样性的效应更强;机制检验表明,外来劳动力技能多样性能加速形成厚劳动力市场,推进农业技术创新,进而促进县域城乡融合。

惠农义务教育政策执行中的“空转”现象与矫治——城镇化进程视野下的分析

作为推进城乡教育公平的关键,惠农义务教育政策已经实施多年,但城镇化的快速发展引致流动随迁子女和留守儿童现象并存。原有的惠农义务教育政策陷入了执行中的“空转”困境,具体表现在:一些施惠措施的目标精准性和时代适应性不足、城市学校义务教育资源难以均衡惠及流动人口、留守儿童义务教育质弱量缺的困局尚未扭转。基于政策执行过程分析框架,从政策执行的视角发现:公共服务消极供给、顶层设计不足、流入地财政压力过大、农民工参与空间与能力有限是造成惠农义务教育政策“空转”现象的主要原因。基于城镇化进程提出四个矫治路径,即:推进更高质量的城镇化、让农民有更多机会进入公共决策体系、建立完善的经费保障机制和消除社会歧视,以期提高惠农义务教育政策执行的有效性。

新生代农民工举家迁移对教育支出的影响研究

基于中国家庭追踪调查数据和实地调研发现:存在子女随迁现象的新生代农民工家庭均为举家迁移。举家迁移显著增加家庭教育支出,随迁子女数与家庭教育支出显著正相关。家中既有男孩又有女孩的举家迁移家庭教育支出显著增加,家中只有男孩的家庭教育支出显著高于家中只有女孩的家庭。相比中部和东部,西部新生代农民工举家迁移显著增加家庭教育支出。建议积极落实“两为主”“两纳入”“两统一”“同城化”等随迁子女教育政策,切实减轻农民工家庭教育负担;统筹义务教育资源均衡配置,努力缩小教育区域化差异;完善户籍制度和流动人口服务体系,衔接城乡有关社会保障与福利政策,促进农民工随迁家庭整体市民化。

体育参与促进流动儿童社会融入的作用机制与实施路径

运用文献资料、逻辑分析等方法,厘清体育参与促进流动儿童社会融入的作用机制、困境,并提出实施路径。作用机制:学校体育参与消解城市空间隔离,课外体育锻炼编织社会关系网络,运动具身实践构建社会身份认同。困境:体育基础保障体系不全,学校体育资源配置失衡,家庭体育文化资本参差,社区体育支持网络滞后。实施路径:健全体育基础保障体系,推动健康发展;优化学校体育教育资源,提高体育参与程度;增强家庭体育文化资本,促进多维身份认同;发挥社区体育支持功能,丰富社会交往网络。

劳动权益保障、政府信任与高龄农民工的城市融合

基于调研数据,本文考察了劳动权益保障对高龄农民工城市融合的影响机制。实证结果显示,工资拖欠、工伤纠纷、劳动合同纠纷等劳动权益受损事件均会显著影响高龄农民工城市融合程度。对劳动权益纠纷解决过程的进一步考察发现:第一,劳动权益受损事件发生后,当高龄农民工对维权过程解决较为满意时,其城市融合程度显著高于没有发生过劳动权益纠纷者;第二,政府部门主导解决劳动权益纠纷对高龄农民工城市融合具有一定的“放大效应”。当高龄农民工对维权解决过程满意时,解决过程中的政府干预会显著提高其城市融合程度;当其对维权解决过程不满意时,解决过程中的政府干预反而使其城市融合程度下降的幅度更大。因此,本文认为应健全源头预防,杜绝劳动权益纠纷事件发生;建立农民工劳动权益保护协调机制;强化政府责任意识,属地监管、多部门协同,发挥政府在高龄农民工劳动权益保障工作中的积极作用。

城市义务教育入学门槛与流动人口子女随迁决策——人口流动新形势下的教育资源空间配置优化

在流动人口向城市群集聚的新形势下,城市群承担着创新公共服务均等化提供机制的重要责任。以长三角城市群为样本,基于政策文本研究各城市针对流动人口随迁子女设置的义务教育入学门槛,并定量分析其对流动人口子女随迁决策的影响。研究发现,各城市以材料准入制和积分入学制两种模式设置入学门槛,其高低并没有呈现从核心城市(上海)到中心城市(南京、杭州等)再到其他城市递减的趋势。义务教育入学门槛与子女随迁之间具有显著的负相关关系,高入学门槛城市比低入学门槛城市的流动人口子女随迁几率低55%,且这种关系在低收入流动人口群体中更加明显。为了构建人口流动新形势下的共享型教育体系,应当优化教育资源的空间配置:在理念上探索城市群教育资源统筹配置的思路,在制度上创新突破行政区划的教育公共服务提供机制,在技术上完善以常住人口为基础的义务教育资源规划布局。