Knowledge and Service Demand of Reproductive Health among Migrant Population

Objective To understand the sexual and reproductive health knowledge among unmarried migrant population and their service demands as well as current services delivered by local family planning departments, so as to provide scientific evidences on conducting reproductive health education and appropriate service for migrant population in the district. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among a convenient sample of unmarried young migrant population between 15 and 25 years old in Dongshan District. All data were entered into database with the software Foxpro6.0 and analyzed with the statistics software SPSS10.0. Results Unmarried migrant population had some kinds＇ of sexual and reproductive health knowledge and was eager to access to reproductive health service. They hoped that relevant governmental departments could provide them more information, education and service on sexuality and reproductive health. Conclusion Relevant departments should work together to popularize reproductive health knowledge among unmarried migrant population and meet their demands on reproductive health service, so as to improve their current reproductive health situation.

Analysis of Migrant Population's Social Integration in Hangzhou

Since China began implementing reform and opening-up policies, along with a fast development of the national economy and great changes of social life, an increasing number of peasan＇s have kept flowing into cities and economically more developed regions. Aspiring to improve their life and yearning for a better urban life, they defy the restraint of the household registry system and, in the process of moving from one place to another, ignore economic and psychological costs. As early as in year 2000 China＇s migrant population reached 140 million, more than 10% of the total population. Since 2000 the migrant poptilation in Zhejiang Province, east China, has kept growing by 20% annually, the second fastest in the country for seven consecutive years.

China’s migrant population and health

Population flow brings vitality to China’s economy and society,while at the same time it also impacts traditional social structures and culture.In recent years,with the gradual disappearance of the“demographic dividend”and the advancement of economic structural transformation and upgrading,there have been changes to China’s population flow that are worth of noting.In particular,the changing health status of China’s migrant population has attracted the attention of scholars.Because non-migrant and migrant populations have significant behavioral and lifestyle differences,and because living environments and the provision and utilization of medical and health care services differ,the health status of the two populations are different.Young migrants are more prone to mental health problems than young non-migrants,while migrant women of childbearing age are likely have reproductive health problems than local women.The health status of young and middle-aged migrants will deteriorate with the extension of their flowing time.For elderly migrants,social support has a positive effect on health status.At present,China’s migrant population is threatened by infectious diseases,chronic non-infectious diseases and mental illnesses,while the supply of basic public health services is insufficient.Therefore,health work for migrant populations should occur against the backdrop of the“Comprehensive Health”,with this being used as a guideline.At the same time,health planning should make use of social integration and health promotion,equalization of basic public health care services,“Internet+”,and other schemes to improve the health status of the migrant population.

Assessment of net lending strategy to better reach mobile and migrant populations in malaria endemic areas of Cambodia

Background:In Cambodia,internal migration involves migrants moving from non-malaria endemic areas to malaria endemic areas and vice versa.The majority of them work in farms or forests with various malaria transmission levels.In Cambodia,as one of the national approaches to ensure LLIN accessibility and use among mobile and migrant populations(MMPs),a lending scheme of long lasting insecticide treated nets(LLINs)was initiated among farm workers.Through this net lending program,LLINs and long-lasting insecticide treated hammock nets(LLIHNs)will be distributed annually at workplace(e.g.longstanding farms,plantations,industrial sites,as identified by operational district and health center staff)on a ratio of one LLIN per one worker.The main objective of this study is to assess MMPs’accessibility to LLINs through a lending scheme with plantation owners in remote malaria endemic areas of Cambodia.Methods:The study used a cross-sectional survey among MMPs using two-stage cluster sampling method.The sampling frame is the list of farms in the four provinces of Banteay Meanchey,Battambang,Pailin,and Pursat in western and northwestern Cambodia bordering with Thailand where the LLIN lending scheme was implemented and where an estimated 100000 MMPs worked annually.The assessment was carried out from January to February 2013 in these four provinces.It was estimated that 768 workers would be required.Results:A total of 702 MMPs were interviewed.The ratio of male:female is 1:1.The age group of 21-60 was the largest accounting for 77.6%.About 91%of the MMPs stayed on the farm for less than 6 months.93.2%of them owned either untreated or insecticide treated nets.LLINs and LLIHNs accounted for 89.5%;and 46.6%of them borrowed the nets from a lending scheme.Among those workers who have LLINs/LLIHNs,99%slept under LLINs/LLIHNs the night before.However,only 87.4%knew that sleeping under LLINs/LLIHNs protects against malaria.Conclusions:LLIN lending scheme provides an important delivery channel for a substantial percentage of net accessibility(46.6%)to the Cambodian national free-net distribution campaign in remote malaria endemic areas.

Chinese Culture Products in International Culture Mobility

When mobility becomes the new normal for behavior and cognition, it's time to rethink international culture mobility and culture products. Singular thinking on mobility and culture products, staying at the level of economy and trade has affected our decision making with respect to culture product innovation and possible thinking on future value creation. Indian anthropologist Arjun Appadurai divides cross-border culture mobility into five global spaces and Stephen Greenblatt, literature historian with Harvard University, puts forward five dimensions of culture mobility that provide a direction for fully understanding international culture mobility. In the era of globalization, rethinking the concept of a nation's culture products means studies of generational possibilities and the vitality of the Chinese culture products from perspectives of immigration, technology, economy, culture and politics among the new context of international culture mobility.

Differences in the population of genetics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis between urban migrants and local residents in Beijing, China

Background Currently, migration has become one of the risk factors of high burden of tuberculosis in China. This study was to explore the influence of mass migration on the dynamics of Mycobacterium （M.） tuberculosis in Beijing, the capital and an urban area of China.

Urban Inclusiveness and Entrepreneurship:Evidence from Microdata on Migrants

With the progressive reforms of China’s household registration system,China has unleashed its demographic dividends over the time and promoted the economic growth.Guided by the new vision of development,urban inclusiveness,especially the urban inclusiveness to the migrant population,will become a force for driving economic growth.Using the 2016 China Migrants Dynamic Survey(CMDS)dataset,we measure urban inclusiveness with the level of migrants’access to same public services and social security as local residents and explore the effects of urban inclusiveness on migrants’entrepreneurship.The results show that urban inclusiveness encourages migrants to start businesses and has a positive effect on the level of entrepreneurship.The urban environmental conditions and heterogeneity of individual laborers have different regulating effects on the influence of urban inclusiveness on individual entrepreneurial choice.The findings offer important inspirations for policy making in reforming the Chinese urban systems and promoting migrants’entrepreneurship.

Assessment of malaria control consultation and service posts in Yunnan, P. R. China

Background:This paper seeks to assess the function of malaria control consultation and service posts(MCCSPs)that are located on the border areas of Yunnan province,P.R.China,as a strategy for eliminating malaria among the mobile and migrant population in these areas.Methods:A retrospective descriptive analytical study was conducted.Blood smear examinations conducted at all MCCSPs in Yunnan from 2008 to 2014 were analysed.A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2014 to understand how the MCCSPs function and to elucidate the quality of the blood smear examinations that they conduct.Results:Out of the surveyed MCCSPs,66%(39/59),22%(13/59),and 12%(7/59)were attached to local township hospitals,village health clinics,and the county centre for disease control and prevention or private clinics,respectively.More than 64%(38/59)of the posts’staff were part-time workers from township hospitals and village health facilities.Less than 31%(18/59)of the posts’staff were full-time workers.A total of 35 positive malaria cases were reported from seven MCCSPs in 2014.Four MCCSPs were unable to perform their functions due to under staffing in 2014.There was a small fluctuation in blood smear examinations from January 2008 to June 2009,with two peaks during the period from July 2009 to October 2010.The number of blood smear examinations has been increasing since 2011.The yearly mean number of blood smear examinations in each post increased from 44 per month in 2011 to 109 per month in 2014,and the number of positive malaria cases detected by blood smear examinations has declined(χ^(2)=90.67,P=0.000).The percentage of people from Yingjiang county getting blood smear examinations increased between 2008 and 2014,while percentages of the mobile population including Myanmar people,people from other provinces,and people from other Yunnan counties getting blood smear examinations decreased.Conclusion:MCCSPs face challenges in the phase of malaria elimination in Yunnan,China.New case detection strategies should be designed for MCCSPs taking into account the current trends of migration.

Evolution and adjustment of land and housing policy in the process of China’s urbanization

Land and housing policy has been developing towards market pricing since reform and opening up of China.China has witnessed rapid urbanization and large population flows in recent years.In addition,the demand and supply of land and housing in urban and rural areas are in sharp contrast.These issues have brought greater challenges to current land and housing policy in China.This paper proposes the basic thinking for adjusting land and housing policy on the basis of the urbanization theory of Jean Gottmann and Terry,G.McGee,as well as the housing market filtering model.It also pushes forward the idea of establishing a construction land market that covers both urban and rural areas,and an interactive housing system,which would address the housing concerns of urban migrants and put to use vacant housing and idle homesteads in rural areas.