Mild spring temperature rising affects the anti-oxidation and immune functions of Asian Short-toed Larks

Background:Predicting the possibility of severe effects of global warming on animals is important for understanding the ecological consequences of climate change on ecosystem.Spring is the season during which birds have to physiologically prepare for the subsequent breeding period,and unusual spring temperature rising probably becomes a heat stress to the birds which have adapted to the low spring temperature.Therefore,it is necessary to understand the physiological effect of spring warming on the temperate birds.Methods:Using the activities of blood anti-oxidative enzymes(SOD,CAT,GPx)and the concentrations of serum immunogloblins(IgA,IgY,IgM)as indicators,we compared the anti-oxidative and immune functions of Asian Shorttoed Larks(Calandrella cheleensis)captured between 10 and 15 March,2015 and housed under conditions of 21°C and 16°C.Results:The SOD activities of birds in 21°C group were significantly lower than those in 16°C group on all the treatment days.The CAT activities of the birds in 21°C group were significantly lower than those in 16°C group on the 1 st,5 th,13 th,17 treatment days.The GPx activities of the birds in 21°C group were signifthicantly lower than those in 16°C group on the 1 st,13 th and 17 th,but significantly higher on the 21 st treatment day.The IgA,IgY and IgM concentrations of birds in 21°C group were significantly lower than those in 16°C group on all the treatment days.Conclusions:This study shows that spring temperature rising negatively influences antioxibative and humoral immune functions,which indicates that spring climate warming might reduce the fitness of the temperate passerine birds which have adapted to the low spring temperature.

Nanomedicine potentiates mild photothermal therapy for tumor ablation

The booming photothermal therapy(PTT)has achieved great progress in non-invasive oncotherapy,and paves a novel way for clinical oncotherapy.Of note,mild temperature PTT(mPTT)of 42–45°C could avoid treatment bottleneck of the traditional PTT,including nonspecific injury to normal tissues,vasculature and host antitumor immunity.However,cancer cells can resist mPTT via heat shock response and autophagy,thus leading to insufficient mPTT monotherapy to ablate tumor.To overcome the deficient antitumor efficacy caused by thermo-resistance of cancer cells and mono mPTT,synergistic therapies towards cancer cells have been conducted with mPTT.This review summarizes the recent advances in nanomedicine-potentiated mPTT for cancer treatment,including strategies for enhanced single-mode mPTT and mPTT plus synergistic therapies.Moreover,challenges and prospects for clinical translation of nanomedicine-potentiated mPTT are discussed.

Novel nanocarrier for promoting tumor synergistic therapy by down-regulation of heat shock proteins and increased Fe^(3+) supply

With the emergence of new therapeutic methods,synergistic therapy has attracted great attention because it can improve the treatment efficacy,and reduce the toxic side effects.Herein,we developed a nanocarrier BGT by co-loading glucose oxidase(GOD)and transferrin(TRF)on the porous Bi nanoparticles(NPs)for improving tumor synergistic therapy.GOD endows BGT with catalytic capacity of decomposing glucose into gluconic acid and a large amount of H2O2 for starving therapy.H2O2 further destroys TRF structure and releases Fe^(3+),which could react with H2O2 to generate highly toxic·OH for chemodynamic therapy(CDT).In addition,GOD-induced glucose depletion and decreased expression of heat shock proteins(HSPs)can also alleviate the thermotolerance of tumor cells to improve the efficiency of mild photothermal therapy(PTT).Mild temperature can in turn promote the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)for improving the synergistic therapy.Combined with the excellent targeting ability of TRF,efficient tumor synergistic therapy can be achieved.This work shows that BGT has good photothermal stability and biocompatibility,and can be used as a nanocarrier,providing an effective method for collaborative therapy of tumor.