Ever since Norway introduced general conscription for men in 1897, the participation of women in the Norwegian Armed Forces （NorAF） has been an issue for discussion. In 1984 the NorAF introduced occupational equalit...Ever since Norway introduced general conscription for men in 1897, the participation of women in the Norwegian Armed Forces （NorAF） has been an issue for discussion. In 1984 the NorAF introduced occupational equality for men and women. This means that women have the same possibilities and rights as men in the whole organization. However, the share of women in the NorAF （9%） has not increased over the years, and the goal of 20% seems to be hard to reach. Based on data from the project ＂Research on age cohorts for the NorAF＂, this paper presents the concept, theory and empirically based hypotheses behind nine initiatives that I believe will contribute to a substantial increase in the number of women in the NorAF. The initiatives are a combination of short-term, long-term, preventive and drastic measures. The author argues that the suggested measures will affect future recruitment, retention, military （masculine） culture and the selection process of military personnel to the NorAF.展开更多
Military English is taught not only as a linguistic code,but also as part of CIP(Curriculum of Ideology and Politics)education.The paper clarifies the connotations of CIP education,and describes the problems of CIP ed...Military English is taught not only as a linguistic code,but also as part of CIP(Curriculum of Ideology and Politics)education.The paper clarifies the connotations of CIP education,and describes the problems of CIP education in military English teaching.Then the authors address the importance of military culture and its spiritual cultivation in military English classrooms as an indispensable part of CIP education,and construct a model to incorporate military culture into language skills development and practice in military English teaching.Besides,the methods of CIP education in military English teaching are also discussed in the paper.展开更多
This article examines the various ways in which the Northern Wei emperor Wenchengdi （440465; r. 452-465） was portrayed to his subjects. As is the case with many monarchs in many countries, he played different parts ...This article examines the various ways in which the Northern Wei emperor Wenchengdi （440465; r. 452-465） was portrayed to his subjects. As is the case with many monarchs in many countries, he played different parts before different groups. For his soldiers, he was represented as a great hunter and marksman; to farmers in the lowlands, as a caring protector and benefactor; to potentially rebellious groups on the periphery, as a strong and steady observer of their actions. At the same time, it was in his reign that the Northern Wei court began efforts to use Buddhism as an overarching way to justify rule to all within the realm, by initiating construction of the famous cave-temples at Yungang, where ＂Buddhas became emperors and emperors Buddhas.＂ The spectacles through which Wenchengdi was portrayed are contextualized by a parallel examination of the very difficult life of the person behind the pomp and circumstance.展开更多
文摘Ever since Norway introduced general conscription for men in 1897, the participation of women in the Norwegian Armed Forces （NorAF） has been an issue for discussion. In 1984 the NorAF introduced occupational equality for men and women. This means that women have the same possibilities and rights as men in the whole organization. However, the share of women in the NorAF （9%） has not increased over the years, and the goal of 20% seems to be hard to reach. Based on data from the project ＂Research on age cohorts for the NorAF＂, this paper presents the concept, theory and empirically based hypotheses behind nine initiatives that I believe will contribute to a substantial increase in the number of women in the NorAF. The initiatives are a combination of short-term, long-term, preventive and drastic measures. The author argues that the suggested measures will affect future recruitment, retention, military （masculine） culture and the selection process of military personnel to the NorAF.
基金The article is supported by 2020 Curriculum of Ideology and Politics Construction Project of Hunan Higher Education(Grant No.HNKCSZ-2020-0007).
文摘Military English is taught not only as a linguistic code,but also as part of CIP(Curriculum of Ideology and Politics)education.The paper clarifies the connotations of CIP education,and describes the problems of CIP education in military English teaching.Then the authors address the importance of military culture and its spiritual cultivation in military English classrooms as an indispensable part of CIP education,and construct a model to incorporate military culture into language skills development and practice in military English teaching.Besides,the methods of CIP education in military English teaching are also discussed in the paper.
文摘This article examines the various ways in which the Northern Wei emperor Wenchengdi （440465; r. 452-465） was portrayed to his subjects. As is the case with many monarchs in many countries, he played different parts before different groups. For his soldiers, he was represented as a great hunter and marksman; to farmers in the lowlands, as a caring protector and benefactor; to potentially rebellious groups on the periphery, as a strong and steady observer of their actions. At the same time, it was in his reign that the Northern Wei court began efforts to use Buddhism as an overarching way to justify rule to all within the realm, by initiating construction of the famous cave-temples at Yungang, where ＂Buddhas became emperors and emperors Buddhas.＂ The spectacles through which Wenchengdi was portrayed are contextualized by a parallel examination of the very difficult life of the person behind the pomp and circumstance.
