Improvement on Conventional Load Distribution Algorithm in Hot Tandem Mills

Load distribution is a key technology in strip hot rolling process, which influences the coil＇s mierostrueture and performance. Currently, Newton-Raphson algorithm is applied to load distribution of hot tandem mills in many hot rolling plants and has some serious defects such as having a strict restriction on initial iterative calculation value and requiring coefficient matrix of nonlinear equations to be nonsingular. To eliminate these defects and improve the online performance of the process control computer, Newton descendent numeric algorithm is introduced to this field to widen the initial value range and a new model named error conversion algorithm is put forth to deal with special conditions when the coefficient matrix is singular. Furthermore, considering the characteristics of load distribution, a condition of strip thickness distribution abnormality and corresponding solutions are provided which ensure that rolling parameters can be calculated normally. Simulation results show that the improved algorithm has overcome the defects of the Newton-Raphson algorithm and is suitable for online application.

Prediction of Rolling Load in Hot Strip Mill byInnovations Feedback Neural Networks

Because the structure of the classical mathematical model of rolling load is simple, even with the self-adapting technology, it is difficult to accommodate the increasing dimensional accuracy. Motivated by this fact, an Innovations Feedback Neural Networks （IFNN） was presented based on the idea of Kalman prediction. The neural networks used the Back Propagation （BP） algorithm and applied it to the prediction of rolling load in hot strip mill. The theoretical results and the off-line simulation show that the prediction capability of IFNN is better than that of normal BP networks, namely, for the prediction of the rolling load in hot strip mill, the prediction precision of IFNN is higher than that of normal BP networks. Finally, a relative complete rolling load prediction system was developed on Windows 2003/XP platform using the OOP programming method and the SQL server2000 database. With this sys- tem, the rolling load of a 1700 strip mill was calculated, and the prediction results obtained correspond well with the field data. It shows that IFNN is valid for rolling load prediction.

SELF-ALIGNING EVEN LOAD MECHANISM OF MULTI-ROW BEARINGS OF LARGE STRIP ROLLING MILL

The load distribution of multi-row bearings of large strip rolling mill is fully analyzed by 3D contact boundary element method （BEM）. It is found out that bearings are frequently worn out due to serious uneven load on the multi-row rollers. The constraint mechanism of the previous rolling system is found to be unreasonable by theoretical analysis on heavy machinery structure. A mechanism of self-aligning even load for workroll bearing of 2 050 mm hot rolling mill of Baoshan I＆S Co. is developed. This device is manufactured with particular regard to the structure of 2 050 mm hot rolling mill mentioned above. Hence, uneven load on multi-row bearings is greatly relieved and their lives are remarkably prolonged. Meanwhile, theoretical analysis and on-spot tests prove the rationality and validity of the device.

Optimal Design of Deforming Regulation for Compact Continuous Rolling Mill with Balanced Load

If the draught of each mill stand is limited by forced bite condition for compact continuous mill,the rolling load difference between one mill stand and another is very big.If deforming regulation of relative load for each mill stand is approximate to the same,the productive capacity of compact continuous mill can be brought into full play,and also the safety running and the smooth rolling of mill can be ensured.

Modeling,Simulation and Experiment of Electro-hydraulic Screw Down Servo System of Seamless Tube Rolling Mill

Electro-hydraulic screw down servo system（HSDS） is widely used in seamless tube rolling mill in western companies.But in Chinese companies,mechanical screw down system（MSDS） is popularly equipped and has a serious disadvantage that the roller would often be locked when it is overloaded.For the purpose of designing the first set of domestic twin-roller,four-cylinder and six-framework electro-hydraulic HSDS of seamless tube rolling mill,an experiment system that can simulate the process of seamless tube rolling is constructed.A digital simulation model of the experiment system is built with AMESim software and validated by comparing the simulation results with experiment results.The sudden load response of the screw piston position is studied with the built model and the experiment system.To improve the HSDS＇s positioning accuracy with large load,a hybrid control scheme of combining load disturbance feedforward compensation（LDFC） method based on servo valve＇s pressure-stroke feature and anti-saturation integral control（ASIC） is proposed.Both results of simulation and experiment indicate that the transient response time of the single-roller HSDS with the proposed scheme decreases from 0.65 s to less than 0.2 s without static error.To improve the system dynamic stiffness and production qualified rate,a flow rate feedforward compensation（FFC） control strategy based on oil compressibility to dynamic position error is proposed.This FFC strategy is validated with experiments in which the transient error caused by sudden load is reduced to less than 25% of that without FFC.By extending the simulation model to HSDS of a twin-roller,four-cylinder rolling mill,analyzing the mill deformation,and applying the LDFC,ASIC and FFC to the HSDS,the dynamic performance and positioning accuracy of compensated multi-roller HSDS at biting moment are predicted.The research results provide a theoretical and experimental basis for the design of HSDS of seamless steel tube rolling mill.

Effect of Load Distribution on Strip Crown in Hot Strip Rolling

In order to establish precision model, a software to calculate the strip crown of four-high hot rolling mill was developedby using affecting function method according to the strip crown calculation theory. The effect of work roll diameter,unit width rolling load, roll bending force, work roll crown, initial strip crown and reduction, etc, on load distributioneffect rate was simulated by using the software. The results show that the load distribution effect rate increaseswith the increase of strip width, work roll diameter, unit width rolling load, roll bending force, work roll crown,initial strip crown and reduction. Based on the simulation results, base value of load distribution effect rate andfitting coefficients of six power polynomial of load distribution effect rate modification coefficient were determinedconsidering all of the above parameters. A simplified mathematical model for calculating load distribution effect ratewas established.

Research on dynamic characteristics of high speed milling force based on discontinuous functions

This paper begins with a consideration of the influence of feed per revolution upon the depth of a cut and the impact of the machining method on the direction of tool pressure average and subsequent description of efficient cutting directions and the methods for load cell orientation. The paper goes further into the key conclusions concerning the dependences of the cutting depth at high-speed milling as in the case of discontinuous functions. It ends with recommendations offered for positioning of load cells for cut-up milling and cut-down milling.

某铜矿选矿厂半自磨系统磨矿负荷分配研究

半自磨+球磨组成的半自磨系统应用广泛,但在应用过程中半自磨机和球磨机负荷不平衡的情况经常出现。结合某铜矿项目,分析了出现负荷不平衡的原因,并通过优化半自磨机入料粒度、增加格子孔孔缝和开孔率、调整半自磨机排矿产品粒度、优化筛缝尺寸、修改直型格子板为弧形格子板、优化破碎后顽石的返回途径等措施,使得半自磨系统新给矿处理量由39 960 t/d提高至42 500 t/d,半自磨功率保持不变,但球磨机运行功率由9 300 kW提升至11 000 kW,半自磨和球磨负荷分配更加合理。通过对不同优化措施的分析和应用,可为解决其他矿山半自磨流程负荷不平衡问题提供借鉴和参考。

MPS型磨煤机制粉系统动态模型与瞬态运行优化控制研究

为提升MPS型磨煤机制粉系统变出力过程关键参数的控制精度,该文建立并验证制粉系统动态模型,开展控制策略优化研究。在原逻辑基础上,提出考虑煤质水分信息的前馈磨煤机入口一次风温控制回路,以优化控制策略。开展煤质水分增加、给煤速率增加、磨煤机变出力等瞬态过程模拟研究,获得制粉系统关键参数瞬态特征和能耗特性,验证所提出策略的优越性。结果表明:采用优化的控制逻辑后,系统在应对煤质水分突变、煤量突变等扰动时的响应速率增加、磨煤机出口风粉温度波动范围减小50%以上、瞬态能耗下降2.4%。磨煤机在变出力过程中,稳态能耗可降低100 kW以上,制粉过程能耗降低6.82%,瞬态过程中磨煤机出口风温的波动幅度下降50%、响应时间缩短10%以上、可实现瞬态节能5.43%,保障制粉系统的运行安全并降低能耗。在燃煤发电机组中应用提出的制粉系统优化控制逻辑,可降低燃煤发电机组变负荷瞬态过程中负荷率、主汽压力等关键参数的运行偏差,提高机组的运行灵活性。

一种新型无磁传感磨机综合检测系统

为解决磨机功耗大、负荷难以预测等问题,提出一种基于无磁传感的球磨机综合检测系统。该系统利用无磁耦合传感技术监测磨机负荷,不受磨机内物料磁性影响,结合更能准确反映磨机真实负荷特性的低功耗滚筒筒壁振动检测单元,通过无线传输将振动数据发送给信号采集单元,解决滚筒筒壁振动检测系统取电难的问题。融合磨机的磨音采集数据,在本地边缘算法单元内借助深度学习对磨机负荷特性进行预测,并反馈给PLC控制器进行给料和加球等实时调节,实现系统的闭环控制,极大提升了磨机效率,稳定生产指标,显著降低系统能耗。该系统在某选矿厂的试用结果证实其对磨机负荷预测识别效果良好。

兼顾排屑与降载作用的叶轮拐角单笔清根刀具

清根加工作为叶轮拐角区域残余材料的补加工工艺,在整体叶轮数控加工中占据十分重要的地位。盖盘叶轮清根加工具有推刀进给、拐角曲面曲率大、切削余量大、空间几何受限等特点。而传统球头铣刀刀尖点切削性能不足,应用于盖盘叶轮清根加工会导致切削载荷大和切屑挤压,造成刀具过早失效、加工表面质量差等问题。本文针对盖盘叶轮清根加工的特点和难点,提出一种面向不同拐角尺寸的具有削顶结构以及大容屑槽结构的刀具,并推导了切削刃的表达式。对传统球头铣刀和新式削顶铣刀进行仿真与实验,结果表明,新式削顶铣刀较传统球头铣刀切削力降载高达77.6%,切削过程更平稳可靠,加工质量更高。

考虑刀具跳动和非对称磨损的微铣削工件表面形貌模型

刀具跳动与非对称刀具磨损对微铣削工件表面形貌具有显著影响,在充分考虑这一影响因素基础上建立包含刀具跳动和非对称磨损的微铣削工件表面形貌模型,以精准预测微铣削工件表面切削形貌。基于余摆线运动方程研究刀具跳动和非对称性磨损对切屑负载的影响,构建切屑负载模型;根据最小切削厚度和弹性恢复理论,探索切屑负载和刀具磨损对工件底面切削残留高度的作用,并结合切屑负载模型建立包含刀具跳动和非对称磨损的底面切削形貌模型;提出底面形貌模型的三维点云仿真算法。实验结果表明,模型的预测误差在10%~15%,证明该模型能够精准预测微铣削工件底面的切削形貌。

装物料自动装车系统相关技术发展综述

本文对袋装物料自动装车系统的组成、所使用的设备与技术等方面进行综述,通过分析现有技术和研究进展,总结出自动装车系统的优势,并对未来的发展进行展望。

基于变转速磨煤机的机组快速变负荷控制策略研究

由于制粉系统的延迟惯性特性,对锅炉的响应速率有较大影响,改善制粉系统的迟滞性对于提高机组变负荷速率具有重大意义。本文通过系统建模及数据仿真分析了磨煤机变转速对机组响应特性的影响,设计了基于变转速磨煤机的机组快速变负荷控制策略,根据变负荷过程及需求控制磨煤机转速,最大限度地发挥变转速磨煤机的优势,提高机组的变负荷速率响应能力,并通过试验验证了策略的有效性。试验结果表明,在配有变转速磨煤机的机组上采用该套控制策略能够有效提升机组变负荷速率,机组变负荷速率可达3%Pe/min以上,极大地提升了机组的负荷响应能力。

电磁感应加热装置在棒材直轧产线上的应用

棒材直轧工艺充分利用连铸坯余热,不经过传统加热炉工序直接轧制,可降低能源消耗。该工艺对连铸坯的开轧温度控制提出了更高要求,温度不足可能导致轧件扬头或堆钢。为解决这一问题,电磁感应加热装置被引入。相较于传统蓄热加热炉,电磁感应加热装置能够更快速地对连铸坯进行加热,提高效率,减少氧化脱碳。合理的电源功率与频率选择能够在保证加热效率的同时,避免连铸坯表面出现过烧现象。此外,纵磁感应加热装置的表面效应与棒材连铸方坯表面温度低、芯部温度高的温降趋势互补,能够有效进行针对性补温。研究实际生产数据发现,低温环境中使用电磁感应加热装置对连铸坯进行补温可有效降低轧机负荷,使得峰值转矩百分比由80%降至64%。

磨煤机液压变加载改造在火电机组灵活性提升中的应用

介绍了火电机组灵活性改造的重要性和背景,详细论述了中速磨煤机液压变加载改造方案。通过对磨煤机加载方式进行升级改造,不仅可以在线实时调节液压加载力,使磨煤机适应机组负荷快速变化,还可以满足火电机组低负荷运行的要求。

基于EMD和选择性集成学习算法的磨机负荷参数软测量

针对磨机筒体振动和振声信号组成复杂难以解释、蕴含信息存在冗余性和互补性、与磨机负荷参数映射关系难以描述等问题,提出了基于经验模态分解(Empirical mode decomposition,EMD)技术和选择性集成学习算法分析筒体振动与振声信号组成,建立磨机负荷参数软测量模型的新方法.首先从机理上定性分析了筒体振动及振声信号组成的复杂性;然后采用EMD技术将原始信号自适应分解为具有不同时间尺度的系列组成成分,即本征模态函数(Intrinsic mode function,IMF);接着在频域内基于互信息(Mutual information,MI)方法分析并选择IMF频谱特征;最后采用基于核偏最小二乘(Kernel partial least square,KPLS)建模方法、分支定界优化算法的选择性集成学习方法建立磨机负荷参数软测量模型,实现了多源多尺度频谱特征的选择性信息融合.基于实验球磨机的实际运行数据仿真验证了该方法的有效性.

磨机负荷检测方法研究综述

为促进磨机检测方法的工业化应用和深入研究,综述磨机负荷检测的主要研究成果。按检测方式将磨机负荷检测方法分为仪表检测法和非仪表检测法。将基本具备现场应用条件,但功能有限的仪表检测法,按检测原理又细分为压差法、振声法、振动法、功率法、超声法等方法。将处于实验室实验、离线研究阶段及借助工业计算机现场应用的非仪表检测方法分为基于磨机外部响应信号和多源信息融合的检测方法。针对每种具体方法,总结了其特征、研究现状以及应用前景。最后指出融合多源信号并结合专家知识、机器学习进行智能检测的软测量方法是未来磨机负荷检测的发展方向。

基于振动频谱的磨矿过程球磨机负荷参数集成建模方法

以磨矿过程的湿式球磨机为背景,针对传统磨机负荷(ML)检测方法只能依靠灵敏度较低的轴承振动、筒体振声和磨机功率等信号监督判断ML状态,难以检测磨机内部负荷参数的问题,提出了一种基于高灵敏度的筒体振动频谱的集成建模方法.首先,依据磨矿过程的研磨机理,将振动频谱采用波峰聚类方法自动划分具有不同物理意义的分频段;然后利用核偏最小二乘(KPLS)算法分别建立各分频段的ML参数子模型;最后,依据子模型训练数据预测误差的信息熵获得初始权重,加权得到最终的ML参数集成预测模型;在线使用中则根据子模型预测误差的变化进行权值的在线自适应更新.仿真结果证明了该方法的有效性.

基于频域特征提取与信息融合的磨机负荷软测量

提出了基于频域特征提取与多传感器信息融合的磨机负荷(ML)软测量新方法。针对磨矿过程主要依靠人工经验定性判断ML状态,难以定量检测ML参数的现状,通过融合磨机筒体振动、振声及驱动电机电流信号,建立了以料球比、矿浆浓度、充填率为输出的ML软测量模型。该方法首先采用快速傅里叶变换(FFT)将时域振动及振声信号转换为频谱变量,再对频谱变量通过主元分析(PCA)进行谱特征提取,然后采用径向基函数(RBF)变换生成的激活矩阵实现谱特征的非线性映射,最后采用偏最小二乘(PLS)算法建立以谱特征、激活矩阵、电流信号为输入的回归模型,从而有效克服了多传感器信息之间及RBF变换引起的多重共线性等问题。实验表明,该方法能够较准确地检测ML参数,融合多传感器的软测量方法具有更好的预测效果。