Effects of milling and crystallization conditions on microstructure,such as amorphous phase and nanocrystalline phase, were investigated by X-ray diffractometry(XRD),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),and transmis...Effects of milling and crystallization conditions on microstructure,such as amorphous phase and nanocrystalline phase, were investigated by X-ray diffractometry(XRD),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),and transmission electron microscopy (TEM),respectively.The results show that nanocomposite Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe powder can be prepared by mechanical milling in argon atmosphere and a subsequent vacuum annealing treatment.The grain sizes of both Nd2Fe14B andα-Fe phase decrease drastically with increasing milling time.After milling for 5 h,the as-milled material consists ofα-Fe nanocomposite phases with the grain size of 10 nm,and some amorphous phases,which can be turned into Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe nanocomposite phases by the subsequent annealing treatment.Milling energy of mechanical milling after 5 h by theoretical calculation is 6 154.25 kJ/g.展开更多
Nanostructured Mg-3Ni-2MnO_(2) was synthesized by ball milling elemental powders of Mg,Ni and MnO_(2) in hydrogen atmosphere.The microstructures of the powder prepared at different milling time were analyzed by X-ray ...Nanostructured Mg-3Ni-2MnO_(2) was synthesized by ball milling elemental powders of Mg,Ni and MnO_(2) in hydrogen atmosphere.The microstructures of the powder prepared at different milling time were analyzed by X-ray diffractometry(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and high resolution electron microscopy(HREM).The milling time is the most key parameter impacting on the grain size and the microstructure of material.With prolonging the milling time,particle size becomes smaller and smaller.But after the ball milling time reaches about 20 h,reduction of grain size becomes slowly.When the milling time is more than 50 h,nanocrystalline fully forms.When the milling time is more than 80 h,there are more amorphous phases in materials.The average particle diameter of material is about 1μm and the grain size is 10-30 nm.展开更多
The Al2O3 -SiC-C bricks for iron ladles were pre-pared asing bauxite, fused corundum,pyrophyllite, SiC powder and flake graphite as main starting materials, and phenolic resin as binder. The effect of pyroph,yllite pa...The Al2O3 -SiC-C bricks for iron ladles were pre-pared asing bauxite, fused corundum,pyrophyllite, SiC powder and flake graphite as main starting materials, and phenolic resin as binder. The effect of pyroph,yllite particle size on permanent change in dimensions, cold crushing strength, oxidation resistance, and corrosion resistance of Al2O3 - SiC - C bricks was investigated. The results show that with the decrease of the pyrophyllite particle size, the permanent change in dimensions of Al2O3 - SiC - C bricks decreases, cold crushing strength increases, the oxidation resistance at 1400 ℃ increases, and the corrosion resistance at 1500℃ decreases.展开更多
Ultra-fine titanium carbonitride （TiCN） matrix materials with a grain size less than 1μm were successfully prepared by vacuum microwave sintering. The milling process for raw TiCN particles and the microstructure a...Ultra-fine titanium carbonitride （TiCN） matrix materials with a grain size less than 1μm were successfully prepared by vacuum microwave sintering. The milling process for raw TiCN particles and the microstructure and properties of cermets produced with a composition of 15wt.%WC-17wt.%（Co＋Ni）-9wt.%Mo2C-59wt.%Ti0.TN0.3 and sintered by vacuum microwave were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The results show that a ball-to-powder mass ratio of 8：1 and a milling time of 50 h provided appropriate conditions for the production of ultra-fine TiCN solid solution powders. The use of vacuum microwave sintering produced cermets with much finer grain and black core structures and higher relative density and hardness than those produced by vacuum sintering technology.展开更多
Hybrid aluminum matrix composite powders reinforced with bimodal-sized Al2O3 particles were synthesized by mechanical milling.Two different approaches were investigated for the addition of submicron-and nano-sized Al2...Hybrid aluminum matrix composite powders reinforced with bimodal-sized Al2O3 particles were synthesized by mechanical milling.Two different approaches were investigated for the addition of submicron-and nano-sized Al2O3 particles to the aluminum powders,It was observed that the simultaneous addition of bimodal-sized Al2O3 particles to the aluminum powders resulted in an equiaxed morphology of the composite powders and the average particle size stabilized after 5 h of milling,indicating that the presence of bimodal-sized particles has greater effect on accelerating milling process as compared to nano-sized particles;the grain size of the aluminum matrix in composite powders was reduced to under 40 nm,approximate to the value obtained in the separate addition case,while a lower rate of refining was observed due to hindrance of submicron-sized particles on the interactions between nano-sized particles and the aluminum matrix.展开更多
The thermoelectric properties at elevated temperature were investigated for n-type Bi2（Te,Se）3 which is obtained from ball milling processed powder with various milling times. Electrical properties such as electrica...The thermoelectric properties at elevated temperature were investigated for n-type Bi2（Te,Se）3 which is obtained from ball milling processed powder with various milling times. Electrical properties such as electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficient are clearly dependent on milling time, in which the carrier concentration is attributed to the change of the electrical properties. The concentrations of the defects are also varied with the ball milling time, which is the origin of the carrier concentration variation. Even though finer grain sizes are obtained after the long ball milling time, the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity is not solely understood with the grain size, whereas the electrical contribution to the thermal conductivity should be also considered. The highest figure of merit value of ZT = 0.83 is achieved at 373 K for the optimized samples, in which ball milling time is 10 h. The obtained ZT value is 48% improvement over that of the 0.5-h sample at 373 K.展开更多
文摘Effects of milling and crystallization conditions on microstructure,such as amorphous phase and nanocrystalline phase, were investigated by X-ray diffractometry(XRD),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),and transmission electron microscopy (TEM),respectively.The results show that nanocomposite Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe powder can be prepared by mechanical milling in argon atmosphere and a subsequent vacuum annealing treatment.The grain sizes of both Nd2Fe14B andα-Fe phase decrease drastically with increasing milling time.After milling for 5 h,the as-milled material consists ofα-Fe nanocomposite phases with the grain size of 10 nm,and some amorphous phases,which can be turned into Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe nanocomposite phases by the subsequent annealing treatment.Milling energy of mechanical milling after 5 h by theoretical calculation is 6 154.25 kJ/g.
文摘Nanostructured Mg-3Ni-2MnO_(2) was synthesized by ball milling elemental powders of Mg,Ni and MnO_(2) in hydrogen atmosphere.The microstructures of the powder prepared at different milling time were analyzed by X-ray diffractometry(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and high resolution electron microscopy(HREM).The milling time is the most key parameter impacting on the grain size and the microstructure of material.With prolonging the milling time,particle size becomes smaller and smaller.But after the ball milling time reaches about 20 h,reduction of grain size becomes slowly.When the milling time is more than 50 h,nanocrystalline fully forms.When the milling time is more than 80 h,there are more amorphous phases in materials.The average particle diameter of material is about 1μm and the grain size is 10-30 nm.
文摘The Al2O3 -SiC-C bricks for iron ladles were pre-pared asing bauxite, fused corundum,pyrophyllite, SiC powder and flake graphite as main starting materials, and phenolic resin as binder. The effect of pyroph,yllite particle size on permanent change in dimensions, cold crushing strength, oxidation resistance, and corrosion resistance of Al2O3 - SiC - C bricks was investigated. The results show that with the decrease of the pyrophyllite particle size, the permanent change in dimensions of Al2O3 - SiC - C bricks decreases, cold crushing strength increases, the oxidation resistance at 1400 ℃ increases, and the corrosion resistance at 1500℃ decreases.
基金supported by the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(No.08JJ1007)the Hunan Provincial Key Science Research Program of China(No.2008GK2009)the Scientific Research Fund of Fujian Provincial Education Department of China(No.JK2009029)
文摘Ultra-fine titanium carbonitride （TiCN） matrix materials with a grain size less than 1μm were successfully prepared by vacuum microwave sintering. The milling process for raw TiCN particles and the microstructure and properties of cermets produced with a composition of 15wt.%WC-17wt.%（Co＋Ni）-9wt.%Mo2C-59wt.%Ti0.TN0.3 and sintered by vacuum microwave were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The results show that a ball-to-powder mass ratio of 8：1 and a milling time of 50 h provided appropriate conditions for the production of ultra-fine TiCN solid solution powders. The use of vacuum microwave sintering produced cermets with much finer grain and black core structures and higher relative density and hardness than those produced by vacuum sintering technology.
基金the financial support from the State Key Laboratory of Traction Power(Grant No.2015TPL_Z01)the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing(Grant Nos.82-TZ-2013 and SKLSP201609)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2682017CX090)the‘‘111’’Project(B08040)
文摘Hybrid aluminum matrix composite powders reinforced with bimodal-sized Al2O3 particles were synthesized by mechanical milling.Two different approaches were investigated for the addition of submicron-and nano-sized Al2O3 particles to the aluminum powders,It was observed that the simultaneous addition of bimodal-sized Al2O3 particles to the aluminum powders resulted in an equiaxed morphology of the composite powders and the average particle size stabilized after 5 h of milling,indicating that the presence of bimodal-sized particles has greater effect on accelerating milling process as compared to nano-sized particles;the grain size of the aluminum matrix in composite powders was reduced to under 40 nm,approximate to the value obtained in the separate addition case,while a lower rate of refining was observed due to hindrance of submicron-sized particles on the interactions between nano-sized particles and the aluminum matrix.
基金supported by the research fund of Hanbat National University in 2015
文摘The thermoelectric properties at elevated temperature were investigated for n-type Bi2（Te,Se）3 which is obtained from ball milling processed powder with various milling times. Electrical properties such as electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficient are clearly dependent on milling time, in which the carrier concentration is attributed to the change of the electrical properties. The concentrations of the defects are also varied with the ball milling time, which is the origin of the carrier concentration variation. Even though finer grain sizes are obtained after the long ball milling time, the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity is not solely understood with the grain size, whereas the electrical contribution to the thermal conductivity should be also considered. The highest figure of merit value of ZT = 0.83 is achieved at 373 K for the optimized samples, in which ball milling time is 10 h. The obtained ZT value is 48% improvement over that of the 0.5-h sample at 373 K.
