Miniature tunable Airy beam optical meta-device

Tunable Airy beams with controllable propagation trajectories have sparked interest in various fields,such as optical manipulation and laser fabrication.Existing research approaches encounter challenges related to insufficient compactness and integration feasibility,or they require enhanced tunability to enable real-time dynamic manipulation of the propagation trajectory.In this work,we present a novel method that utilizes a dual metasurface system to surpass these limitations,significantly enhancing the practical potential of the Airy beam.Our approach involves encoding a cubic phase profile and two off-axis Fresnel lens phase profiles across the two metasurfaces.The validity of the proposed strategy has been confirmed through simulation and experimental results.The proposed meta-device addresses the existing limitations and lays the foundation for broadening the applicability of Airy beams across diverse domains,encompassing light-sheet microscopy,laser fabrication,optical tweezers,etc.

Nutritional and Sensory Properties of Penne-Type Pasta Based on Cereals (Oryza sativa (L.), Digitaria exilis, Pennicetum glaucum), Tubers (Ipomoea batata, Manihot esculenta Crantz), and a Legume (Vigna unguiculata (L.))

This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional and sensory characteristics of penne-type pasta produced from locally sourced cereals, tubers, and legumes. To achieve this, we formulated four different types of pasta with varying levels of incorporation ranging from 10 to 50% cereals such as millet, fonio, and rice, tubers such as manioc and sweet potato, and legumes such as cowpea. The results showed that the incorporation of local products considerably improved the nutrient content of penne without being rejected by consumers. Sensory analysis showed that the best results were obtained with mixtures of sweet potato, cowpea, and wheat, as well as with rice, manioc, cowpea, and sample wheat. These results are of great importance to manufacturers in a world where developing nutritious and attractive food products is a crucial challenge.

Production of Yam Tubers Using Seed Tubers from Vitroplants Regenerated from Aerial Stems in the Yam Species Dioscorea alata (L.) and Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata (L. & P.) in Côte d’Ivoire

The aim of this study is to produce large quantities of yam tubers in the field from seed tubers derived from vitroplants regenerated from aerial stem cuttings and farmers’ tuber seeds. Seed tubers from ten yam cultivars, including five from Dioscorea alata (cDa083, cDa053, cDa115, cDa150 and cDa266) and five from Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata (cDr015, cDr027, cDr150, cDr206 and cDr148) with distinct agro-morphological characteristics, were used as material. A completely randomized block design with 3 replications was used. In each block, all cultivars and seed types were represented. When put into cultivation, the tubers produced by the vitroplants all germinated and gave 100% healthy plants, compared with 86% to 100% healthy plants for the seed tubers produced by the farmers. Yields per hectare ranged from 10 to 25 tonnes for seed tubers produced by in vitro plants, and from 4 to 9 tons for seed tubers produced by farmers. Seed tubers from vitroplants can therefore be recommended to farmers as a solution to the problem of seed tuber unavailability.

Light-based 3D printing of stimulus-responsive hydrogels forminiature devices:recent progress and perspective

Miniature devices comprising stimulus-responsive hydrogels with high environmental adaptability are now considered competitive candidates in the fields of biomedicine,precise sensors,and tunable optics.Reliable and advanced fabricationmethods are critical formaximizing the application capabilities ofminiature devices.Light-based three-dimensional(3D)printing technology offers the advantages of a wide range of applicable materials,high processing accuracy,and strong 3D fabrication capability,which is suitable for the development of miniature devices with various functions.This paper summarizes and highlights the recent advances in light-based 3D-printed miniaturized devices,with a focus on the latest breakthroughs in lightbased fabrication technologies,smart stimulus-responsive hydrogels,and tunable miniature devices for the fields of miniature cargo manipulation,targeted drug and cell delivery,active scaffolds,environmental sensing,and optical imaging.Finally,the challenges in the transition of tunable miniaturized devices from the laboratory to practical engineering applications are presented.Future opportunities that will promote the development of tunable microdevices are elaborated,contributing to their improved understanding of these miniature devices and further realizing their practical applications in various fields.

Tuberous sclerosis complex combined with primary lymphedema:A case report

BACKGROUND Tuberous sclerosis complex(TSC)and primary lymphedema(PLE)are both rare diseases,and it is even rarer for both to occur in the same patient.In this work,we have provided a detailed description of a patient's clinical presentation,imaging findings,and treatment.And a retrospective analysis was conducted on 14 published relevant case reports.CASE SUMMARY A 16-year-old male came to our hospital for treatment due to right lower limb swelling.This swelling is already present from birth.The patient’s memory had been progressively declining.Seizures had occurred 1 year prior at an unknown frequency.The patient was diagnosed with TSC combined with PLE through multimodal imaging examination:Computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging,and lymphoscintigraphy.The patient underwent liposuction.The swelling of the patient's right lower limb significantly improved after surgery.Epilepsy did not occur.after taking antiepileptic drugs and sirolimus.CONCLUSION TSC with PLE is a rare and systemic disease.Imaging can detect lesions of this disease,which are important for diagnosis and treatment.

MicroRNA-451 from Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes Inhibits Alveolar Macrophage Autophagy via Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 1/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway to Attenuate Burn-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats

Objective Our previous studies established that microRNA(miR)-451 from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes(hUC-MSC-Exos)alleviates acute lung injury(ALI).This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which miR-451 in hUC-MSC-Exos reduces ALI by modulating macrophage autophagy.Methods Exosomes were isolated from hUC-MSCs.Severe burn-induced ALI rat models were treated with hUC-MSC-Exos carrying the miR-451 inhibitor.Hematoxylin-eosin staining evaluated inflammatory injury.Enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay measured lipopolysaccharide(LPS),tumor necrosis factor-α,and interleukin-1βlevels.qRT-PCR detected miR-451 and tuberous sclerosis complex 1(TSC1)expressions.The regulatory role of miR-451 on TSC1 was determined using a dual-luciferase reporter system.Western blotting determined TSC1 and proteins related to the mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)pathway and autophagy.Immunofluorescence analysis was conducted to examine exosomes phagocytosis in alveolar macrophages and autophagy level.Results hUC-MSC-Exos with miR-451 inhibitor reduced burn-induced ALI and promoted macrophage autophagy.MiR-451 could be transferred from hUC-MSCs to alveolar macrophages via exosomes and directly targeted TSC1.Inhibiting miR-451 in hUC-MSC-Exos elevated TSC1 expression and inactivated the mTOR pathway in alveolar macrophages.Silencing TSC1 activated mTOR signaling and inhibited autophagy,while TSC1 knockdown reversed the autophagy from the miR-451 inhibitor-induced.Conclusion miR-451 from hUC-MSC exosomes improves ALI by suppressing alveolar macrophage autophagy through modulation of the TSC1/mTOR pathway,providing a potential therapeutic strategy for ALI.

块菌(Tuber)在六盘山的分布及其生态学意义

2019—2020年,调查六盘山地下真菌资源,采集到块菌属(Tuber)标本12份。通过宏微观形态特征及DNA序列特征的比较分析,新采集到的块菌标本分别被鉴定为假喜马拉雅块菌(T.pseudohimalayense)、历山块菌(T.lishanense)和脐凹块菌(T.umbilicatum),其中假喜马拉雅块菌具有极高的经济价值。基于采集的标本,补充描述该3种块菌的形态学特征,对其分类地位和地理分布进行讨论,拓宽块菌在中国的地理分布区域的认识,补充块菌在该地区的标本记录及相关生态学资料。该研究首次确认六盘山分布有丰富的块菌资源,发现块菌新的重要分布区域,对完善中国块菌资源多样性、生物地理学和生态学的研究具有重要意义。

Online pharmaceutical process analysis of Chinese medicine using a miniature mass spectrometer: Extraction of active ingredients as an example

The automation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)pharmaceuticals has driven the development of process analysis from offline to online.Most of common online process analytical technologies are based on spectroscopy,making the identification and quantification of specific ingredients still a challenge.Herein,we developed a quality control(QC)system for monitoring TCM pharmaceuticals based on paper spray ionization miniature mass spectrometry(mini-MS).It enabled real-time online qualitative and quantitative detection of target ingredients in herbal extracts using mini-MS without chromatographic separation for the first time.Dynamic changes of alkaloids in Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata(Fuzi)during decoction were used as examples,and the scientific principle of Fuzi compatibility was also investigated.Finally,the system was verified to work stably at the hourly level for pilot-scale extraction.This mini-MS based online analytical system is expected to be further developed for QC applications in a wider range of pharmaceutical processes.

StOFP20 regulates tuber shape and interacts with TONNEAU1 Recruiting Motif proteins in potato

The OVATE family proteins(OFPs) are plant-specific proteins that modulate diverse aspects of plant growth and development. In tomato, OFP20 has been shown to interact with TONNEAU1 Recruiting Motif(TRM) proteins to regulate fruit shape. In this study, we demonstrated that the mutation of StOFP20 caused a shift from round to oval shaped tubers in a diploid accession C151, supporting the role of StOFP20 in controlling tuber shape. Its expression reached a maximum in the tuber initiation stage and then decreased as the tuber develops. To help elucidate the mechanism of tuber shape regulation by StOFP20, 27 TONNEAU1 Recruiting Motif(TRM) proteins were identified and 23 of them were successfully amplified in C151. A yeast two-hybrid assay identified three TRM proteins that interacted with StOFP20, which was confirmed by firefly luciferase complementation in tobacco leaves. The OVATE domain was indispensable for the interactions, while the necessity of the M10 motif in TRM proteins varied among the interactions between StOFP20 and the three TRMs. In summary, both StOFP20 and SlOFP20 directed interactions with TRM proteins, but the corresponding interactants were not completely consistent, implying that they exert regulatory roles through mechanisms that are only partially overlapping.

Whole-genome sequencing study to identify candidate markers indicating susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in Bama miniature pigs

Background:Hundreds of single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)sites have been found to be potential genetic markers of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).However,SNPs related to T2DM in minipigs have been less reported.This study aimed to screen the T2DM-susceptible candidate SNP loci in Bama minipigs so as to improve the success rate of the minipig T2DM model.Methods:The genomic DNAs of three Bama minipigs with T2DM,six sibling lowsusceptibility minipigs with T2DM,and three normal control minipigs were compared by whole-genome sequencing.The T2DM Bama minipig-specific loci were obtained,and their functions were annotated.Meanwhile,the Biomart software was used to perform homology alignment with T2DM-related loci obtained from the human genome-wide association study to screen candidate SNP markers for T2DM in Bama miniature pigs.Results:Whole-genome resequencing detected 6960 specific loci in the minipigs with T2DM,and 13 loci corresponding to 9 diabetes-related genes were selected.Further,a set of 122 specific loci in 69 orthologous genes of human T2DM candidate genes were obtained in the pigs.Collectively,a batch of T2DM-susceptible candidate SNP markers in Bama minipigs,covering 16 genes and 135 loci,was established.Conclusions:Whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomics analysis of the orthologous genes in pigs that corresponded to the human T2DM-related variant loci successfully screened out T2DM-susceptible candidate markers in Bama miniature pigs.Using these loci to predict the susceptibility of the pigs before constructing an animal model of T2DM may help to establish an ideal animal model.

空射诱饵弹对地面防空装备作战使用影响研究

空射诱饵弹(miniature air launched decoy,MALD)可诱骗地面防空雷达开机,消耗防空弹药,降低地面防空装备作战效能,提升空中编队突防能力。在梳理空射诱饵弹发展概况基础上,分析空射诱饵弹目标特性,构建典型作战运用场景,开展MALD对制导雷达探测跟踪性能和拦截效能影响分析,采用理论分析和动态仿真的方法研究了空射诱饵弹实施远距离欺骗、抵近干扰对制导雷达探测跟踪性能的影响,采用排队论方法分析MALD对空中编队突防效能的影响。研究结论可为空射诱饵弹战术运用提供参考。

中国红蒴真藓复合群和一个新记录种

该研究以经典分类学方法探讨了中国红蒴真藓复合群(Bryum atrovirens Brid.complex),重点关注根生芽胞特征在分类中的价值。以期厘清中国红蒴真藓复合群的特征和物种组成;明确各物种之间的分类界限和地理分布。结果表明:(1)中国该复合群共有9种,即毛状真藓(B.apiculatum Schw gr.)、红蒴真藓(B.atrovirens Brid.)、瘤根真藓(B.bornholmense Wink.&R.Ruthe)、棒槌真藓[B.clavatum(Schimp.)Müll.Hal.]、球根真藓(B.radiculosum Brid.)、齿缘真藓(B.rubens Mitt.)、沙氏真藓(B.sauteri Bruch&Schimp.)、星形真藓(B.stellituber Arts)和土生真藓(B.tuberosum Mohamed&Damanhuri),其中星形真藓为中国新分布种,首次观察到该种的孢子体以及红蒴真藓和齿缘真藓的中国标本产生根生芽胞。(2)该类群是适应临时环境的短命植物,主要通过根生芽胞进行无性繁殖,最主要的识别特征是芽胞的位置、颜色、形状、大小、细胞壁厚度和外层细胞是否突起及其程度等。(3)明确了每种的地理分布。综上所述,可根据根生芽胞的形态特征快速进行中国红蒴真藓复合群分类鉴定,新记录种的发现丰富了中国藓类植物新资料。

山药块茎生长膨大相关基因的筛选与分析

为筛选山药块茎生长膨大相关基因,采用生物信息学方法,对山药块茎发育前期和中期构建的不同发育阶段抑制性消减杂交(suppression subtractive hybridization,SSH)文库进行分析。结果表明:山药块茎发育前期与中期差异表达基因(differential expression genes,DEGs)序列主要涉及九大类,其中发育调控占比最大(27.1%),其他依次为细胞组织结构(14.0%)、物质代谢(11.2%)、生物合成(4.7%)等。初步筛选出泛素-连接酶体(F-box associated,F-box)、碳酸酐酶(carbonic anhydrase,CAs)、核苷二磷酸激酶(nucleoside diphosphate kinase,NDPK)、氨基酸透性酶(amino acid permease)、糖基转移酶(glycosyl transferase)、α-淀粉酶(α-amylase,AMY)等候选基因,它们可能与细胞增殖、细胞伸长、激素代谢、酸碱环境调节及功能物质代谢物等功能有关,参与调控山药块茎的生长膨大。

不同保鲜袋包装对雾培马铃薯微型种薯贮藏保鲜效果的影响

为了明确不同保鲜袋包装对雾培马铃薯微型种薯贮藏保鲜效果的影响,以大西洋雾培微型种薯为试材,通过测定种薯块茎贮藏期间的失重率、发芽率和腐烂率及其相关生理指标等,探究4种保鲜袋对微型种薯的贮藏保鲜效果。结果表明,在(20±1)℃下,与普通网袋(CK)相比,普通A膜袋、纳米保鲜袋、核桃保鲜袋、蒜薹保鲜袋等4种保鲜袋均能有效改善微型种薯的贮藏保鲜效果,其中以核桃保鲜袋和纳米保鲜袋对微型种薯的贮藏保鲜效果较佳。这2种保鲜袋包装均能够明显降低微型种薯的失重率,且以纳米保鲜袋包装微型种薯的腐烂率最低,贮藏84 d,核桃保鲜袋和纳米保鲜袋包装微型种薯的失重率分别较CK降低73.20%、63.62%,核桃保鲜袋包装微型种薯的腐烂率较CK升高21.43%,纳米保鲜袋包装微型种薯的腐烂率较CK降低31.25%;抑制相对电导率和丙二醛(MDA)含量的上升速度,减少细胞膜的受损程度,贮藏70 d,核桃保鲜袋和纳米保鲜袋包装微型种薯的MDA含量分别较CK降低23.26%、13.95%;同时,还可促进过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的提高,减少氧自由基的伤害,并能够正常发芽,对雾培微型种薯具有良好的贮藏保鲜效果。综合考虑,建议在雾培微型种薯贮藏期间采用纳米保鲜袋包装。

从“湿”论半夏治疫的古今探析

湿疫是感受湿性疫疠邪气的一类急性传染病,湿性黏滞,缠绵难愈,且最易侵犯太阴,故其病位主要在肺、脾。半夏味辛性温,入肺、脾、胃经,具有燥湿化痰,降逆止呕,消痞散结的功效,在防治湿疫中发挥着重要的作用。本文从湿立论,通过分析古今文献中半夏在疫病防治中发挥的作用,为医者诊治疾病提供参考依据。

岩土离心模型试验软接触式微型土压计研制及性能评价

微型土压计是岩土离心模型试验的重要测量技术之一。为解决刚性土压计测量中拱效应、尺寸效应、厚径比等经典误差问题及提升频响速率和精度,尝试开发了一种全新软接触式微型土压计ESP-II,介绍了其技术创新和设计方法。以两种国际代表性土压计为参考,设计开展一系列离心模型试验,对其感应精度、速率和适用性进行评价。主要结论:①逐级加载离心加速度5g~50g试验下,各深度ESP-II和两种参考传感器测试结果与理论值的平均误差分别为5.16%,6.70%,4.85%,三者沿深度拟合K_(0)优度系数R^(2)均≥0.9893。②脉冲荷载试验中ESP-II最大响应时间约7.8 ms,略优于两种参考传感器,具有良好的频响速率。③不同幅值正弦、地震等动荷载试验下,3种传感器测得土压力均呈一致增量趋势,K_(0)约由0.43~0.45增至0.51~0.56,与既有规律认识吻合。④离心机下降卸荷过程中,ESP-II测得时程表现良好连续性和光滑性,反映软接触式设计有利于保障土体与传感器良好接触和稳定响应。研究成果,初步证明了软接触式土压计适应于静、动力离心试验需求,具有重要价值与应用前景。

1例结节性硬化症合并多脾综合征CT表现

患者女,37岁,体检超声发现腹膜后肿块2天;既往体健,无特殊家族史。查体:左下腹轻度压痛。实验室检查:肿瘤标记物糖类抗原CA19-928.7U/ml。腹部CT:双肾多发类圆形等或略高密度影,增强扫描后强化程度低于肾实质;左侧腹膜后7.51cm×5.15cm×2.72cm椭圆形软组织密度肿块增强扫描呈轻度不均匀强化(图1A);胆囊底部完全分隔;脾脏由多个大小不等的结节构成;胰腺钩突发育不良,胰头呈球形;小肠位于右半腹,结肠位于左半腹.

小型猪气管插管时异氟醚半数有效剂量的探索

目的本研究拟探讨小剂量舒泰(1.5 mg/kg)肌注复合异氟烷吸入用于保留自主呼吸的小型猪气管插管时50%和95%有效的异氟烷最小肺泡气浓度(50%and 95%minimum alveolar concentrations effective inhaled,MAC EI50and MAC EI95),为小型猪提供安全的麻醉插管方法。方法44例全身麻醉的巴马小型猪,肌注舒泰镇静后,面罩吸入异氟烷进行麻醉诱导,监测心率、血压、呼吸、体温、氧饱和度、呼末二氧化碳浓度和呼末异氟烷浓度。初始呼末异氟烷浓度设置为2.0%,采用Cooper’s评分评价气管插管满意度,采用Dixon’s改良序贯法测算剂量-效应关系。Probit回归法计算MAC EI50和MAC EI95及95%可信区间(confidence interval,CI)。结果小剂量舒泰复合异氟烷吸入诱导直接喉镜气管插管时,小型猪肺泡气浓度的MAC EI503.10%(95%CI 2.79%~3.56%),MAC EI953.77%(95%CI 3.41%~6.42%);在做好监测和气道管理预案的基础上,肺泡异氟烷浓度3.10%~3.75%,均能保证小型猪生命体征稳定。结论舒泰复合异氟烷吸入用于保留自主呼吸的小型猪气管插管是建立小型猪经口气道较好且安全的麻醉方法,具有推广价值。

高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射法测定油莎豆块茎发育过程中的水溶性糖

基于高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射法(HPLC-ELSD)建立油莎豆块茎发育过程中水溶性糖(果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖)含量的检测方法。以乙腈∶水(体积比75∶25)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL/min,并将蒸发光散射检测器条件优化为氮气压力206.8 kPa、漂移管温度65℃。结果表明:3种水溶性糖在0.10~20.0 mg/mL质量浓度范围内线性关系良好(r>0.999),检出限为0.04~0.10 g/100 g,回收率为96.0%~100.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.00%~7.32%(n=6)。在油莎豆块茎发育过程中,其果糖含量为0.376~0.692 g/100 g,葡萄糖含量为0.366~0.787 g/100 g,两者呈显著正相关(P<0.01);蔗糖含量为5.49~24.2 g/100 g,呈先降低后总体升高的趋势。所建方法灵敏度高、重现性好,适用于油莎豆块茎发育过程中水溶性糖的测定。

机载光电复合旋转连接器设计技术研究

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