Comprehensive study on ecological restoration and land exploitation of mining subsidence in suburbs of Chinese mining cities

China has nearly a hundred mining cities derived from mining development.While mining development has brought about immense achievements in a city’s economic construction,it has also resulted in different levels of damage to the eco-environment of the mining city,leaving behind a lot of subsided wasteland and heavily confining the sustainable development and transformation there.How to restore and exploit the land and eco-environment disrupted by mining development in an effective way,therefore,has become a pressing challenge that Chinese mining cities are facing.In this paper,the planning and construction of Nanhu Eco-city in the suburb of Tangshan City is analyzed as an example.After characterizing the coal-mining subsided lands in Kailuan Tangshan Mine originated in different periods and under different geological mining conditions and evaluating their safety level,the authors try to demonstrate how eco-restoration and comprehensive land exploitation should be implemented by making the best use of available local resources to achieve "economy-society-environment" sustainability and coexistence in a mining city.

Towards sustainable mining cities: what policies should be sought and experiences could be learnt for China?

This paper aims to explore interinks between population, resoures, environment anddevelopment of mining cities in China. The authors place emphasis on speeific policy stud of how tostep a sustainable rnining city based on the analysis of six components constituting the integrative andsystendc backdrop to mining city sustainability. The attempts are taken to make a deep comparisonbased on the studies in the five typical cities of Datong, Daqing, Panzhihua, Jinchang and Golmud ofChina, combining some experiences and theorehca thoughts from the Western countries. Therelationship between the resourees endoment, mining (in broader sense) and economic developmentis given based on the analysis of development of mineral resources and formahon of mining cities.Morcover, some changing characteristics and related issues of China's mining cities on environmentand socio-econondc dimensions are considered. The last part of the paper focuses on the discussion ofrestructuring approach to the mining cities in China, some reflections and suggestions are put forward.

Economic Vulnerability of Mining City——A Case Study of Fuxin City,Liaoning Province,China

The economic system of mining city is of typical vulnerability characteristics that can be manifested by its high economic sensitivity and lack of response capacity to the gradual depletion of regional mineral resources. Taking Fuxin City of Liaoning Province as a case, this paper established an economic vulnerability assessment method integrating BP neural network with vulnerability index, then carried out an economic vulnerability assessment of Fuxin during 1989-2006. The results indicate that: 1) Affected by the gradual depletion of regional mineral resources, the economic development of Fuxin had kept high economic sensitivity from 1995 to 2001, and the response capacity to cope with and adapt to the impacts of the perturbation of mineral resources was weak and relatively lag. The evolution of economic vulnerability can be divided into three stages: in 1989-1994, the economic vulnerability of Fuxin City decreased slowly; in 1995-2001, the beginning stage of economic transformation, the economic vulnerability of Fuxin City went up rapidly; in 2002-2006, the economic vulnerability of Fuxin City descended and showed a trend to be stable. 2) The influence of economic sensitivity on Fuxin′s economic vulnerability is more evident than that of response capacity. 3) The decreasing supply of mineral resources and the simple industrial structure are main factors leading to the economic sensitivity of Fuxin. 4) The improvement of economic response capacity of Fuxin has typical characteristics of input-driven growth, and external assistance is of great importance to the rapid improvement of economic response capacity of Fuxin. And 5) the change from the simple industrial structure to diversified one of Fuxin is still unaccomplished, and the contribution of non-coal-based industry to local economic development is relatively limited.

Decomposition Analysis on Direct Material Input and Dematerialization of Mining Cities in Northeast China

Material dematerialization is a basic approach to reduce the pressure on the resources and environment and to realize the sustainable development. The material flow analysis and decomposition method are used to calculate the direct material input (DMI) of 14 typical mining cities in Northeast China in 1995–2004 and to analyze the demateri- alization and its driving factors in the different types of mining cities oriented by coal, petroleum, metallurgy and multi-resources. The results are as follows: 1) from 1995 to 2006, the increase rates of the DMI and the material input intensity of mining cities declined following the order of multi-resources, metallurgy, coal, and petroleum cities, and the material utilizing efficiency did following the order of petroleum, coal, metallurgy, and multi-resources cities; 2) during the research period, all the kinds of mining cities were in the situation of weak sustainable development in most years; 3) the pressure on resources and environment in the multi-resources cities was the most serious; 4) the petro- leum cities showed the strong trend of sustainable development; and 5) in recent years, the driving function of eco- nomic development for material consuming has continuously strengthened and the controlling function of material utilizing efficiency for it has weakened. The key approaches to promote the development of circular economy of min- ing cities in Northeast China are put forward in the following aspects: 1) to strengthen the research and development of the technique of resources’ cycling utilization, 2) to improve the utilizing efficiency of resources, and 3) to carry out the auditing system of resources utilization.

Evaluation and empirical research on the energy efficiency of 20 mining cities in Eastern and Central China

The gap of energy efficiency of eastern and central mining cities in China continues to expand, getting more attention from relevant departments. In this work, 20 mining cities in Eastern and Central China from 2010 to 2014 have been selected as research samples using data envelopment analysis(DEA).Research results show that the level of energy efficiency in mining cities is still low. China is in an extensive economic growth mode with high input, high consumption, low output and low efficiency. Mining cities in China have a huge potential to conserve energy and reduce emissions. China should optimize industrial structures, strengthen scientific and technological input and innovation, as well as implement energy-saving emissions reductions, and increase investment in environmental protection and ideological propaganda.

Eco-geological environment quality assessment based on multi-source data of the mining city in red soil hilly region, China

High-intensity and large-scale resource development seriously threatens the fragile ecological environment in the red soil hilly region in southern China. This paper analyzes the eco-geological environmental problems and factors affecting Ganzhou, a mining city in the red soil hilly region,based on field survey and literature. The ecogeological environment quality(EGEQ) assessment system, which covered 11 indicators in physical geography, mining development, geological hazards,as well as water and soil pollution, was established through multi-source data utilization such as remote sensing images, DEM(Digital Elevation Model), field survey and on-site monitoring data. The comprehensive weight of each indicator was calculated through the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) and entropy method. The eco-geological environment assessment map was developed by calculating the EGEQ value through the linear weighted method. The assessment results show that the EGEQ was classified into I-V grades from excellent to worse, among which, EGEQ of I-II accounted for 29.88%, EGEQ of III accounted for 32.35% and EGEQ of IV-V accounted for 37.77%;the overall EGEQ of Ganzhou was moderate. The assessment system utilized in this research provides scientific and accurate results, which in turn enable the proposal of some tangible protection suggestions.

Habitat quality assessment of mining cities based on InVEST model—a case study of Yanshan County,Jiangxi Province

The assessment of the spatiotemporal evolution of habitat quality caused by land use changes can provide a scientifc basis for the ecological protection and green development of mining cities.Taking Yanshan County as an example of a typical mining city,this article discussed the spatial pattern and evolution characteristics of habitat quality in 2000 and 2018 based on the ArcGIS platform and the InVEST model.The conclusions are as below:from 2000 to 2018,the area of farmland and construction land changed the most in the study area.Among them,the area of farmland decreased by 3.48%,and the area of industrial and mining land and construction land increased by 53.25%.Areas of low,relatively low and high habitat quality expanded,and areas of medium and relatively high habitat quality shrank,which is closely related to the distribution of land use.The areas with high habitat degradation degrees appear around cities,mining areas and watersheds,while the areas with low habitat degradation degrees are mainly distributed in the southern woodland.The distribution of cold and hot spots in the habitat quality distribution of Yanshan County presents a pattern of“hot in the south and cold in the north”.The results are of great signifcance to the precise implementation of ecosystem management decisions in mining cities and the creation of a landscape pattern of“beautiful countrysides,green cities,and green mines”.

A Research on Problems for Sustainable Development of Mining Cities in China

As a significant issue, mining cities, especially the resource-exhausted mining cities have already been given intensive attention by academia and government. This article discusses the intrinsic and extrinsic reasons for problems of the mining cities from the perspective of sustainable development, quantitatively analyzes the economic benefit of the mining cities with statistical data, and presents the strategies and measures for sustainable development of the mining cities based on the theoretical discus- sion and empirical study of different types of mining cities. The research shows that: (1) the conflict between the mining cities and the mining enterprises which has been incorrectly dealt with for a long time is the primary reason for the problems of the mining cities. More seriously, the development gap between mining cities and non-mining cities is becoming larger than ever before, due to the domestic and international competition. (2) As a whole, the economic development level of the mining cities is lower than the average level of countrywide cities. The economic benefit of the mining cities is increasing owing to the economic scale, and the economic situations of oil-mining cites and iron-mining cites are relatively better than those of other types of mining cities. (3) The prerequisite of sustainable development of the mining cities is the realization of the transformation of capital superiority so as to promote non-mining economy and substitute the mining economy step by step.

Research on risk dodges of industrial structure readjustment in mining industry city

It was mainly research on the causes,manifestations,and risk dodges of the industry risk selection,industry structure risk during the readjustment of the industrial structure and the establishment of the early-warning model of risk aversion.

Strategic Thinking for Sustainable Development of Mining-Based Cities in China

Cities based on mining are distinctive from other cities in China. Their heavy dependence on minerals, a relatively undiversified industrial structure, seriously damaged ecological environment and the rather low degree of openness have all reduced their competitiveness, and severely constrained and hindered their sustainable development. In this paper the authors will study mining-based cities from the perspective of sustainable development, first by having a critical review of their features, and then by researching into strategic options to support their sustainable development.

Impact of Reclamation in Coal Mining Subsidence Area on Urban Spatial Expansion of Huaibei City

Based on the GIS data platform,and taking the spatial analysis as the main means,this paper explored the impact of reclamation in coal mining subsidence area on urban spatial expansion of Huaibei City. The analysis took the time evolution of urban space development as the basis,took the sectors,circle rings and sub-district offices as the basic spatial units. From the aspects of urban expansion rate,expansion direction,function and construction intensity,it analyzed the impact of reclamation on the urban spatial expansion. In addition,it analyzed the correlation between the reclamation utilization of the subsidence area and the changes in spatial expansion. Finally,it summarized the characteristics of the impact.

Protection, Development and Utilization of Industrial Heritage Under the Background of Transformation of Exhausted Cities: A Case Study of Construction Planning of Anyuan National Mine Park

Firstly,the status quo of Pingxiang City as a resource-exhausted city was introduced firstly,and then the development situation of Anyuan Coal Mine,which is the representative of traditional coal industry in Pingxiang,was summarized.Moreover,the classification and value of mining heritage were analyzed,and it is proposed that the development of mine heritage tourism and urban transformation should be combined.The planning of Anyuan National Mine Park under the background of urban transformation was analyzed to provides an idea for the protection and utilization of industrial heritage.

基于层次分析法与频率比模型的采空塌陷危险性评价

采空塌陷危险性评价是编制地质灾害防治规划、开展地质灾害防治与监测预警工作的重要依据。本文采用层次分析法与频率比模型相结合构建了采空塌陷危险性评价模型(AHP-PF组合模型)。以沈阳市蒲河-清水矿区为例,考虑了地质条件、地表特征、开采条件等3方面影响因素,选取了第四纪覆盖类型、第四纪松散层厚度、地质构造复杂程度、可采煤层顶板强度指标、煤层倾角、地表沉陷速率、采深采厚比、采空区叠置层数等8个评价指标,利用AHP-PF组合模型计算各指标权重及频率比,最后进行采空塌陷危险性分区。评价结果表明,采空塌陷危险性高区主要集中在采深采厚比小、沉陷速率大及目前仍在开采的区域,该区域是地质灾害防治、搬迁避让的重点区域。

阳泉市石灰岩矿整合成效分析

阳泉市石灰岩分布广泛,开采时间长,矿山分布多、规模小。结合阳泉市石灰岩矿产资源分布,本文分析非煤矿山整合前后的石灰岩矿采矿权设置,提出整合后矿山建设建议。随着非煤矿山的整合,石灰岩矿数量压减近50%,生产规模大幅提升,基本实现开采规范化、管理流程化与产业集群化。阳泉市石灰岩矿业发展实现量变到质变的提升。

城市休闲产业聚类模式APM算法模型开发与校验

城市休闲相关产业的高质量发展对当前我国城市消费升级以及人居环境质量提升具有重要现实意义。但是,现有研究未能精准地捕捉海量广域分布的城市休闲产业的基本空间分布规律与结构,而已有的空间聚类算法较多适用于城市用地分析,未能很好地适用于离散分布的城市休闲产业研究。为此,文章基于空间兴趣点数据,开发距离通达值及空间集群中心点等算法,构建城市休闲旅游产业聚类模式空间算法模型(APM)。在以广州为例的研究中,APM模型捕捉出3170个以500 m步行生活圈为范围的城市休闲产业集群,校验了APM模型的科学性与应用价值。整体上,APM算法可以较好地捕捉城市休闲业态集群的空间结构,清晰识别城市休闲产业空间冷、热点分布的基本结构,由其捕捉行程的聚类边界与实际道路和建筑走向、水系边界、区域范围等重合度高,聚类集群符合实际情况,具备可信度与有效性。该研究是休闲产业集聚机制研究的一次方法创新,在算法精度、实际应用、可视化效率上均做出了创新性推进。与Fishnet方法相比,可以更科学精准地识别城市内部多个休闲消费商圈的边界,实现了高效率的城市休闲产业集群捕捉;与同位模型相比,可以呈现多类别的城市休闲业态结构,突破了现有研究只能捕捉两类业态组团的局限。

国家矿山公园促进资源枯竭型城市转型的动力研究

资源枯竭型城市普遍面临转型的问题,国家矿山公园是其转型的重要途径,对城市更新和城市的可持续发展具有重要意义。对11个位于资源枯竭型城市的国家矿山公园进行对比归纳分析,从经济、生态和文化3个维度建构国家矿山公园促进城市转型的动力,揭示国家矿山公园建设对资源枯竭型城市转型的意义与价值。研究发现,国家矿山公园以助推城市经济增长、改善城市生态环境和形成先进文化这3种形式促进资源枯竭型城市转型,能够为城市发展带来巨大的经济、生态和社会效益,助推资源枯竭型城市的转型与可持续发展。

基于InVEST模型的矿业城市景观格局与生境质量分析——以淮南市为例

研究不同时期土地利用方式对生境质量的影响,对于矿业城市健康可持续发展具有重要意义。选择安徽省淮南市为研究对象,利用2000-2020年的三期土地利用数据作为基础数据,采用InVEST模型,分析了2000-2020年研究区生境质量的分布规律与变化特征。结果表明:(1)近20年来,研究区主要以水田和旱地2种土地利用类型为主,在研究期间占研究区总面积均超过70%。2000-2020年的用地类型变化剧烈,综合土地利用动态度为4.63%,研究区内的水田和旱地面积逐年递减,占比减少了4.3%,坑塘和建设用地的面积呈逐年增长趋势,坑塘和建设用地的面积占比分别增加0.4%、4.21%;(2)2000-2020年的生境质量平均值分别为:0.37、0.36、0.35,表明研究区生境质量呈持续下降趋势。研究结果可为研究区域生境土地综合整治及生态规划提供参考。

基于钢锥冲击的煤层卸压方法研究

针对煤矿冲击地压引起的采掘安全问题,以山西晋中左权五里堠煤矿3号煤层开采地质条件为工程背景,提出一种基于钢锥冲击煤层的卸压方法。根据通电线圈间产生电磁互感斥力原理,获得磁力驱动绕线钢锥撞击煤层的冲击力函数式,并结合弹性力学理论,分析冲击力作用下煤体应力场分布特征、裂隙类型、破裂范围及程度。结果表明:(1)冲击力与交流电电压及线圈级数呈正相关关系,与交流电频率及每米线圈匝数呈负相关关系。其中,电压是调控冲击力的最主要因素,综合考虑认为电压取660 V为宜。(2)计算显示钢锥长度与直径仅需1 cm和1.28 cm,与之匹配的2级加速线圈总长为2 cm,可实现冲击装置的微型化,便于在钻孔内灵活布置。(3)冲击力使钻孔横截面围岩出现集中系数为4.0~16.7的叶状极高应力区,其延伸长度为5倍钻孔半径,区内发育张拉裂隙;叶状区之外为集中系数1.7~3.3的高应力区,发育压剪裂隙,其范围可达50倍钻孔半径,据此得到卸压钻孔间距为2.5 m。(4)按卸压段长度,每孔内设置2个间距2 m的冲击装置,冲击力使钻孔纵截面围岩呈现针状极高应力区,相邻针状区间分布椭圆形压剪裂隙区,两者一起贯通2 m厚煤层,实现有效破煤卸压。研究成果为探索基于磁力钢锥冲击的煤层卸压技术奠定初步理论基础。

吉林省珲春市大东南岔西区金矿区地质特征及找矿方向探讨

大东南岔西区金矿区位于三道沟-小西南岔北东向断裂带和大东南岔-杨金沟东西向断裂带交汇部,区内已发现14条金矿(化)体,分布在英云闪长岩与地层接触部的外带附近。与矿体关系最密切的矿化为褐铁矿化、硅化。矿体受近南北向次级断裂构造控制,矿体倾斜延深方向是成矿的有利部位。